Hazards & Earthquake Hazards PDF

Hazards & Earthquake Hazards PREPARED BY: VAL EUGENE CUSTODIO Hazards  1. Defining Hazards: A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and serv...

Hazards & Earthquake Hazards PREPARED BY: VAL EUGENE CUSTODIO Hazards  1. Defining Hazards: A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. In simpler terms, a hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm. It's important to note that a hazard doesn't automatically cause a disaster; it's the combination of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure that leads to a disaster.  Examples: A volcano is a hazard. A flood is a hazard. A wildfire is a hazard. A pandemic is a hazard. A chemical spill is a hazard. A landslide is a hazard. 2. Types of Hazards:  Hazards can be  Natural Hazards: categorized in These are caused by several ways. natural processes, Common such as: classifications include:  Geological  Hydro- Hazards: meteorological Hazards: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, Floods, droughts, landslides, storms (typhoons, hurricanes), tsunamis. heatwaves, cold waves.  Climatological  Biological Hazards: Hazards: Disease outbreaks Extreme (pandemics, temperatures, epidemics), insect prolonged rainfall, infestations, animal changes in weather attacks. patterns.  Technological  Industrial Hazards: Accidents: These are caused by Chemical spills, human activities, explosions, nuclear such as: accidents.  Transportation  Infrastructure Accidents: Failures: Train derailments, Dam collapses, plane crashes, oil building collapses. spills.  Hazardous  Environmental Materials: Hazards: Exposure to toxic These are related to substances. environmental degradation:  Air Pollution:  Water Pollution: Smog, industrial Contaminated water emissions. sources. Soil Degradation:  Erosion, desertification.  3. Impact of Various Hazards on Exposed Elements:  Theimpact of a hazard depends on both the nature of the hazard and the elements exposed to it.  Earthquake:  Flood: Impacts can include Impacts can include building collapse, water damage to infrastructure buildings, displacement damage, ground of people, loss of crops rupture, tsunamis (if and livestock, near a coast), and contamination of water loss of life. The supplies, and disease impact is greater on outbreaks. Low lying poorly constructed areas and areas with poor buildings and densely drainage are most populated areas. affected.  Wildfire:  Pandemic: Impacts can include Impacts can include destruction of widespread illness, property, loss of life, death, strain on air pollution (smoke healthcare systems, inhalation), damage economic disruption, to ecosystems, and and social disruption. soil erosion. Areas Vulnerable populations with dry vegetation (elderly, those with pre- and strong winds are existing conditions) are most at risk. most severely affected.  Chemical Spill:  GENERALIZATION: Impacts can include Hazards are potential sources water contamination, of harm. Understanding the air pollution, health different types of hazards and problems (depending their potential impacts on on the chemical), and various elements is crucial for damage to effective disaster risk ecosystems. The reduction and preparedness. proximity to the spill The severity of the impact and the type of depends on both the hazard chemical determines itself and the vulnerability and the severity of the exposure of the affected impact. elements. Earthquake Hazards  1. Identifying Potential Earthquake Hazards:  Earthquakes are powerful natural events that can cause a range of hazards. These hazards aren't just the shaking itself; they're the secondary effects that cause damage and loss of life. Key earthquake hazards include:  Ground Shaking:  Ground Rupture: The most immediate The fracturing and displacement hazard, causing of the Earth's surface along a buildings to collapse, fault line. This can damage infrastructure to fail, buildings, roads, and pipelines and objects to fall. directly. Landslides and The intensity of Avalanches: Earthquakes can shaking varies trigger landslides on steep depending on the slopes and avalanches in earthquake's mountainous regions. These can magnitude, distance bury homes, roads, and entire from the epicenter, communities. and local soil  Liquefaction:  Tsunamis: The transformation of Powerful ocean waves water-saturated soil generated by underwater into a liquid-like state earthquakes. These can during an earthquake. cause devastating This causes the coastal flooding and ground to lose its erosion. (Note: Tsunamis strength, leading to are a secondary hazard building collapse and triggered by an ground subsidence. earthquake.) Fires:  Earthquakes can damage gas lines and electrical systems, leading to fires. The shaking can also make it difficult for emergency services to respond. 2. Recognizing Natural Signs of an Impending Tsunami:  While there are warning systems for tsunamis, some natural signs can indicate an impending tsunami, particularly if you are in a coastal area and feel a strong earthquake: A strong  Rapid recession of the earthquake: sea: A powerful The ocean suddenly pulls earthquake, back, exposing large areas especially one that of the seafloor that are lasts a long time, is a usually underwater. This is major warning sign. often a very clear indication of an approaching tsunami. Unusual roaring sound from the ocean: A loud, unusual roaring sound from the ocean can indicate a tsunami approaching.  3. Analyzing the Effects of Earthquake Hazards:  The effects of earthquake hazards vary depending on the type of hazard, the intensity of the earthquake, and the vulnerability of the affected area.  Ground Shaking:  Ground Rupture: Causes damage to Directly damages buildings, injuries, infrastructure (roads, and fatalities. The pipelines), potentially damage is more causing disruptions to severe in areas with essential services. poor building codes or older structures.  Landslides and  Liquefaction: Avalanches: Causes building Can bury collapse and ground communities, block subsidence, making roads, and cause areas unstable and widespread uninhabitable. destruction.  Tsunamis:  Fires: Cause widespread Lead to further coastal flooding, destruction of erosion, and loss of property, injuries, and life. fatalities. 4. Interpreting Earthquake Maps:  Earthquake maps show the location and frequency of past earthquakes, as well as areas with high seismic risk. These maps are crucial for understanding the potential for future earthquakes and for planning for disaster preparedness. Different types of earthquake maps show different information:  Seismic Hazard  Fault Maps: Maps: Show the location of active fault Show the probability lines. of ground shaking of a certain intensity in a  Liquefaction Susceptibility given area. Maps: Identify areas prone to liquefaction.  5. Safety and Precautionary Measures:  Before: Develop an emergency plan, secure heavy objects, create an emergency kit, learn first aid.  During: Drop, cover, and hold on. Stay away from windows and exterior walls. If outdoors, move to an open area away from buildings.  After: Check for injuries, check for gas leaks, be aware of aftershocks, follow instructions from emergency officials. THANK YOU