handtools.pptx

INTRODUCTION TO AIRCRAFT HANDTOOLS & EQUIPMENT AGUILAR | ESPINELI | YGBUHAY INTRODUCTION Hand tools are indispensable for the inspection, maintenance, and repair of aircraft structures and components. Therefore, as a maintenance technician, you must be familiar with the tooling used in...

INTRODUCTION TO AIRCRAFT HANDTOOLS & EQUIPMENT AGUILAR | ESPINELI | YGBUHAY INTRODUCTION Hand tools are indispensable for the inspection, maintenance, and repair of aircraft structures and components. Therefore, as a maintenance technician, you must be familiar with the tooling used in the industry and its correct use and care. When working with any tool or measuring device, remember that safety should always be your pri­mary consideration.  HAND TOOLS: MEASURING AND LAY OUT TOOLS Vernier Caliper Used to measure diameter and thickness. Micrometer Caliper Used to measure the thickness of sheet metal, the out-of roundness of cylindrical objects such as piston pins, and the degree of stretch of valve stems. HAND TOOLS: MEASURING AND LAY OUT TOOLS Divider Used to lay out circles and arcs on your work. Thickness Gauge Used to measure clearances between two surfaces, such as a piston ring's fit in a ring groove or its end gap clearance HAND TOOLS: MEASURING AND LAY OUT TOOLS Center Punch Used to make small indentations in metal, starter holes Pin Punch A pin punch is used to drive bolts, rivets, or pins from tight fitting holes. Prick Punch A prick punch is used to make a location when laying out metal parts.  HAND TOOLS: MEASURING AND LAY OUT TOOLS Tape Measure Plastic or metal case, appropriate for general scenic measuring Tri Square Used as a guide for marking 90-degree angles Combination Square Used for marking 45- and 90- degree angles Bevel Protractor Adjustable and used for marking 0 to 90-degree angles  HAND TOOLS: MEASURING AND LAY OUT TOOLS Framing Square Used for checking accuracy of 90-degree corner joints in flat construction. Bevel Set Used for transferring angles from one piece of work to another. Scribe Used with layout dye to mark reference points on a material. HAND TOOLS: HAMMERS Ball Peen Hammer Used for bending and shaping metal and seating rivets Mallet Wooden, plastic, or metal head, they are used for driving chisels HAND TOOLS: HAMMERS Hand Tools: Sheet Metal Hammers Bumping Hammer Power-driven hammer with two broad flat faces on a narrow head used in bumping sheet metal. Pick and Finish Hammer Used where marring of the wood is to be avoided for cosmetic reasons. Some framing hammers have a magnetized slot along the top edge of the striking surface to hold a nail. HAND TOOLS: HAMMERS Hand Tools: Sheet Metal Hammers Reverse Curve Hammer The Reverse Curve hammer has a uniquely designed round and square head. Each head has a high crowned radius surface and short throw, ideal for close work on concave and recessed surfaces. HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS Scissors Used to cut papers and fabrics. Aviation Snips Used to cut thin ferrous and nonferrous strap and sheet metal. “AvSnips” are color coded as follow: Yellow – Straight Red – Left Green – Right HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS Mini Offset Snips Same purpose as Avsnips but are used in awkward spaces. Circle Cutter Also referred as a “Fly Cutter”, uses a flying cutting bit to cleanly cut holes in metal, wood, plastic, and hardwoods from 1” to 5-1/2” diameter. The included 1/4” drill bit automatically forms its own pilot hole prior to cutting.  HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS Tube Cutter Makes clean, right angle cuts with absolutely no burrs. Kit includes roller, spare cutting wheel and foldaway reamer. Cuts or constricts tubes from 1/4” to 1-5/8” (6- 413mm). Cold Chisel Used for cutting through, or shearing, mild steel and nonferrous metals  HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS Round – Nose Chisel A chisel is a hard steel tool that can be used for cutting and chipping any metal softer than the chisel itself. Diamond-point Chisel Used for cleaning out corners or difficult places and pulling over centre punch marks wrongly placed for drilling. Single Bevel Point Chisel A single bevel point is used to remove waste metal when a very smooth finish is not required or when the work cannot be easily carried out with other tools. Double Bevel Point Chisel A double bevel point chisel is used in tiny opening in upward or standing position.  HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS Spoke Shave Pulled across the surface of the work and used to soften or round sharp edges Dual Vixen File Fast cutting “curved tooth” file cuts through aluminum, brass, steel, plastics, fiberglass, and composites without loading up. HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS Triangular File A triangular file is a specialized tool for trimming and sharpening edges. Its unique, three-sided design makes it a great tool for sharpening hard-to-reach places such as saw teeth. Flat Mill The mill file is used to square ends, straighten uneven edges and smooth rough edges. Square File Are machinist's files that can be used in slots and key ways. They are also used for roughing (removing material quickly) when turning round drill holes into square slots. Warding File Warding files are parallel in thickness, tapered in width, and thin. Like a hand or flat file that comes to a point on the end. Used for flat work and slotting. HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS Half – Round File Half round ring files taper in width and thickness, coming to a point, and are narrower than a standard half round. Used for filing inside of rings. Round File (Rat-Tail) Can be used with wood, plastic, and metal. Knife File Knife files are tapered in width and thickness, but the knife edge has the same thickness the whole length, with the knife edge having an arc to it. Used for slotting or wedging operations. HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS  HAND TOOLS: CUTTING TOOLS Coping Saw Used for making fine, curvilinear cuts in thin plywood. Hacksaw Adjustable frame saw for cutting metal. Backsaw Normally used in woodworking for precise work, such as cutting dovetails, mitres, or tenons in cabinetry and joinery. HAND TOOLS: DRILLING TOOLS Pneumatic Drill Gun Used for making small-diameter holes in wood and alloys. This tool is powered by “compressed air” Electric Drill Gun Used for making small-diameter holes in wood and alloys. This tool is electrically powered. Cordless Drill Gun Used for making small-diameter holes in wood and alloys. This tool is battery operated. HAND TOOLS: DRILLING TOOLS Twist-Drill Bits Designed for use with either wood or metal. Aircraft Drillbit size ranges from 3/32” – 5/32”. Cobalt drill bits are used for drilling in tough materials like Stainless steel, Titanium, and Inconel. Aircraft Extension Drill Bits Aircraft extension drill bits are designed to resist bending and buckling under torsional loads, which makes them perfect for unsupported drilling into deep areas. They are manufactured to NAS 907 Type B and type J specifications. Great for drilling aluminum and mild steel. Constructed of M-2 high speed steel for the best combination of strength, heat resistance, and wear resistance. Black oxide coating resists corrosion. HAND TOOLS: DRILLING TOOLS Twist-Drill Bits Designed for use with either wood or metal. Aircraft Drillbit size ranges from 3/32” – 5/32”. Cobalt drill bits are used for drilling in tough materials like Stainless steel, Titanium, and Inconel. Aircraft Extension Drill Bits Aircraft extension drill bits are designed to resist bending and buckling under torsional loads, which makes them perfect for unsupported drilling into deep areas. They are manufactured to NAS 907 Type B and type J specifications. Great for drilling aluminum and mild steel. Constructed of M-2 high speed steel for the best combination of strength, heat resistance, and wear resistance. Black oxide coating resists corrosion. HAND TOOLS: CLAMPING TOOLS Machinist’s Vice Used to clamp and hold metal. C Clamp Used for holding work together while the parts are being assembled or while glue dries. HAND TOOLS: CLAMPING TOOLS Slip-Joint Pliers Used for clamping, gripping, bending, cutting light wire. Long-Nose Pliers Useful for holding small objects in hard-to-reach places. Adjustable Arc-Joint Pliers Used for holding metal pipe and tubing and other similar gripping jobs. HAND TOOLS: CLAMPING TOOLS Locking Pliers Also referred as “Vise Grip” Used to grasp, lock, and hold almost any object. Diagonal Cutters Pliers Used by electricians for cutting soft wire. Wire Strippers Used for stripping insulation for electrical wires. Wire-Crimping Tool Used to pressure-clamp solderless connectors to electrical wire. HAND TOOLS: CLAMPING TOOLS Open-End Wrench Designed to fit nuts of specific standard or metric diameter. Box-End Wrench Have a closed, toothed head that must be fit over the nut. Combination Wrench Is a combination of Open-End and Box-End Wrench. Adjustable-End Wrench “Crescent Wrench” It adapts to fit any small to medium sized nut. HAND TOOLS: CLAMPING TOOLS Adjustable-End Wrench Also referred as “Crescent Wrench”. It adapts to fit any small to medium sized nut. Rachet Handle A ratchet is a handle that snaps into one end of a socket by means of a square-drive connector. The other end of the socket fits over a fastener. A mechanism in the ratchet allows the handle to engage and tighten the fastener when you swing it in a clockwise direction and turn freely when you swing it counterclockwise. Socket A socket wrench is a type of wrench, or tightening tool, that uses separate, removable sockets to fit many different sizes of fittings and fasteners, most commonly nuts and bolts. HAND TOOLS: RACHET & SOCKET ACCESSORIES Hinge Handle Also referred as “Breaker Bar”. It is used to loosen a tight nut, swing the handle at right angles to the socket. Universal Joint Socket Used in confined spaces and flexible angles. Extension Bar Used to increase the length of a wrench and to install bolts that are not easily accessed. HAND TOOLS: RACHET & SOCKET ACCESSORIES HAND TOOLS: SCREWDRIVERS Standard Screwdriver Available in a variety of sizes Philips Screwdriver Four-flanged tip allows for more rotational force Nut Driver Used for tightening small hex nuts on bolts HAND TOOLS: SCREWDRIVERS Off-Set Screwdriver The offset screwdriver is a type of screwdriver that is used when the ordinary screwdrivers cannot reach or cannot turn due to lack of space. Allen Wrench Referred as Allen Key or Allen Screwdriver, used drive screws and bolts that have a hexagonal socket in the head.  HAND TOOLS: CABLES AND WIRES Wire Twister Plier Used to secure fasteners. Safety Wire Stainless steel annealed, used to secure bolts, nuts or hardware subject to vibration.  HAND TOOLS: SHEET METAL WORKS Pneumatic Rivet Gun Is used to drive rivets. Rivet guns are usually in “3x” Configuration. Rivet Set Is installed on a rivet gun. It is responsible for forming a head on a rivet after driving. Bucking Bar A bucking bar is used when riveting. It prevents the rivet from moving when riveting. It is responsible for forming a bucktail on a rivet after driving.  HAND TOOLS: SHEET METAL WORKS Rivet Cutter Is used to cut excess rivet lengths. Cleco Fasteners A cleco fasteners are used for holding parts together while drilling, It holds a sheet of metal temporarily while riveting. Cleco Fasteners are color coded. Silver (3/32”), Copper (1/8”), Black (5/32”), Gold ( 3/16”) Cleco Pliers Cleco plier is used for fastening the cleco fasteners to the sheet metal. QUESTIONS?