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Here's the structured markdown format of the document: # ARTS AND CRAFT OF SOUTH ASIA - South Asia - The most densely populated geographical region in the world. - Earliest culture of South Asia originated from the Indus Valley Civilizations (3300-1300BCE) - During the Gupta period (300-543CE), the...

Here's the structured markdown format of the document: # ARTS AND CRAFT OF SOUTH ASIA - South Asia - The most densely populated geographical region in the world. - Earliest culture of South Asia originated from the Indus Valley Civilizations (3300-1300BCE) - During the Gupta period (300-543CE), there was a rise in the construction of temples and monasteries. - Nalanda - A large Buddhist monastery, is also a center of learning. - Ajanta Caves - A rock-cut cave monument that houses some of India's earliest art masterpieces. - The traditional arts of South Asia share many similarities, especially India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh due to their close and interwoven histories ## TRADITIONAL COSTUME AND ATTIRE - The countries in South Asia bear many similarities in their visual arts, architecture, and costume and attire. - Consists of fabrics that are either wrapped or draped around the body. - SARI - This is the ubiquitous dress of the women of the Indian subcontinent (strip of cloth draped over the undercloth) - Choli - often paired with a blouse - Dhoti - men wears a wrapped garment tucked to look like loose fitting pants that cover the legs and torso. - Lungi - sarong type fabric wrapped like a skirt - examples of stitched garments - pajamas - traditional stitched garments in the region are the loose pants - salwar - set pairing of pants - kamiz - A long tunic ## JEWELRY AND ACCESSORIES - A maang tikka - a head ornament that parts the hair in the middle with a pendant attached at the end that falls at the center of the forehead - koda - Their arms decorated with a bangle - kondora - Their hips are emphasized with a decorative chain. - MEHNDI - A temporary tatoo or a body ornament is made from using the henna plant. - TURBAN - This is the traditional headdress worn by men made of winding cloth (it is also used as a sign of honor and respect). ## ARCHITECTURE - From 500 BCE-1200 CE, architectural feats of the Indian subcontinent were mainly religious monuments - Rock-cut Architecture - This architecture is the creation of structures that were carved out of rocks from the mountains or cliff sides. - Ellora Caves - This is one of the most impressive examples of rock-cut architecture in the region built from 600-1000 CE. - Stupa - This is the burial mound where the remains or relucs of Buddha are kept and serves as a place for meditation. - This are the different types of stupa: - Reluc Stupa - This houses the relics and remains of Buddha or other holy person of Buddhism - Object stupa - This houses items or objects that belonged to Buddha or other holy persons of Buddhism. - Commemorative stupa - This is used to honor the important life events of Buddha or other holy persons of the Buddhist faith. - Symbolic stupa - This is used to represent certain aspects of Buddhism. - Votive stupa - This is built to commemorate a visit or go ask for spiritual favors or benefits, similar to that of wealthy patrons who sponsor the construction of a church. - Great Stupa of Sanchi - This is the oldest stupa and houses the remains of Buddha, commissioned by Emperor Ashoka around the third century BCE. - Virupaksha Temple - This Hindu temple in Bangalore, India, dedicated to Shiva, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. - Mughal Architecture - In the sixteenth century, the Muslims from Central Asia invaded South Asia and established the Mughal Empire. - Taj Mahal - This is one of the most recognizable and best examples of Mughal architecture. ## PAINTINGS - Painting as an art form is referred to as citrabhasa, which means the semblance of sculpture. - Tanjore Painting - Originating from southern India, this painting was popular during the ninth century. - Mughal Painting - This painting developed during the Mughal Empire. ## SCULPTURES - Most sculptures in India are decorations and ornamentations in their temple. - Pillars of Ashoka - These are a collection of columns that were topped with animal capitals raised all over the Indian subcontinent - Gommateshwara Statue - One notable example of an Jain sculpture is that of Bahubali, a popular figure in Jainism and the first son of the first Tirthankaras. - Islamic Sculptural Motifs - The Islamic rule in South Asia brought a change in the development of their sculptural tradition. - Parchinkari - This is a decorative inlay techniques that uses semiprecious rocks and stones that are polished, cut and fitted together to create images. ## DECORATIVE ARTS AND CRAFTS - The Indian subcontinent has a lot of crafts - from pottery, carvings, basketry, puppets and textiles - their love of color is evident in the decorative arts. - Mandala - Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism share many doctrines, such as the belief in reincarnation, enlightenment, and the use of similar symbols in their art. - In Hinduism, the mandala diagram called yantra (Sanskrit for "machine") is used for worship, prayer and meditation. - In Buddhism, the mandala can be see in the stupas, paintings, sculptures and decorations. - The Tibetan or sand mandala is created using colored sand. - Truck Art - This is a modern example of paintings in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. - Kolam - This is more of a decorative tradition than a craft.