Deviance, Conformity And Crime Guest Lecture PDF

Deviance, Conformity and Crime Oyin Adabs TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 03 Deviance Stigma The other Otherness an...

Deviance, Conformity and Crime Oyin Adabs TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 03 Deviance Stigma The other Otherness and its What is Deviance Definition and Types consequences 04 05 Crime Michel Foucault Criminal Deviance and its Disciple and Control theories What is Deviance Deviance: In simple terms means to stray from the norm. The norm: What the dominant culture of society considers as normal. - Deviance and the norm are socially and culturally constructed - What is considered the norm and deviance are always changing because society is always changing. Socially constructed: The idea that certain elements of social life are not natural but artificially created by society and culture Essentialism: The view that there is something natural true universal and therefore objectively determined about these characteristics Overt vs Covert Characteristics Overt Characteristics: The action or qualities taken as explicitly violating the cultural norm (Things you can control) E.g Fashion, Music, Colour you dye your hair. Covert Characteristics: the unsated qualities that might make a particular group a target for sanction (Things you can’t control) E.g Age, ethnic background, race, religion, physical or mental ability Deviance and culture Deviance across Deviance within cultures cultures What is considered as deviant for one Deviance can be contested and when it is group isn’t for another it is known as conflict deviance E.g Handshakes and Tattoos - Conflict deviance is a disagreement - What is considered deviant for one amongst groups over whether or not is scared for another something is deviant - Deviance changes over time E.g Tattoos and Cannabis What has been deviant historically? ❖ Race as deviant (Racial deviance, profiling and assimilation) ❖ Gender as deviant (Misogyny and patriarchal construct) ❖ Class as deviance (Social resource and impression management) ❖ Sexual orientation as deviance (Homosexuality and heterosexuality) ❖ Disability as deviance ( Eugenics in Canadian society) *Would highly recommend reading the textbook for more information and examples*  Deviance and Race Racializing Assimilation Racial Profiling Deviance Assumes that physical Making ethnic background a Become culturally the same characteristics of an individual covert characteristic of as the dominant culture can be used to predict deviance as though all people - Most commonly seen in engagement in illegal activity. It of a particular ethnic group immigrants and uses a person's otherness as are involved in the same Canada’s ‘multicultural’ grounds to single the individual supposed deviant Behavior society out for different treatment often involving some sort of sanction  Gender as deviant Misogyny Patriarchal construct - Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. Refers to social conditions considered or structures in a way that favors men and - Rooted in the fact that male values and boys over women and girls behaviours are normalized in society Class as deviance Social Resource Impression management - Another reason for the over- representation of the lower class in crime The control of personal information flow statistic. to manipulate how other people see and - It refers to knowledge of the law and treat you. legal system, the ability to afford a good lawyer, influence social connections etc. Sexual orientation as deviance - Heterosextuality has long been the norm in society and behaviors that challenge or defy these norms, such as same-sex relationships in conservative societies, are often labeled deviant. - Homosexuality was not legalized in Canada until 1967 Disability as deviance Eugenics: The movement was based on the mistaken belief (1) that intelligence can be measured, and (2) that it is inherited, transferred directly from one generation to the next. Eugenics policies often targeted Indigenous communities, viewing them through a lens of "racial purity." This reinforced stereotypes of Indigenous people as "unfit" or "primitive." Forced Sterilization: In some provinces, Indigenous women were subjected to forced sterilization under eugenic laws. These practices were justified by claims of improving societal health, but they violated bodily autonomy and contributed to cultural genocide. What is Stigma Stigma: A human attribute that is seen to discredit an individual social identity (textbook definition) My definition: Stigma is a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person. It often involves labeling someone as “different”, “less than” or “Other” Can you think of any examples?  Types of Stigma Bodily Stigma Moral Stigma Tribal Stigma Associated with Targeting specific social Related to visible perceived moral failings, physical characteristics groups an attack on one's - E.g, racial or ethnic - E.g, disabilities, scars character as a person minorities, LGBTQ+ - E.g, criminal individuals behavior, addiction, mental disorders). *These all depend on the norm of society*  The Other ✦ The other/otherness: Whatever that does not fit into the dominant culture and Ideology Ex. Orientalism by Edward Said, Indigenous people of Canada, Subcultures *Once the label of the other has been given, it is very hard to get rid of*  Moral Panic and Moral Entrepreneurs ✦ Moral panic: Moral panic occurs when a person or group is labeled as “other” and is characterized as a threat to the dominant societal values, leading to widespread fear and exaggerated reactions. ✦ Moral entrepreneurs: Anyone who has something to gain from moral panic (Journalist) Criminology The study of crime in terms of such elements as causation, prevention, management or control, and the statistical patterns of crime. Theories of Criminal Deviance - Strain theory by Robert Merton - Subcultural theory by Albert Cohen - Labeling theory by Howard Becker - Social control theory by Travis Hirschi *Would highly recommend reading the textbook for more information and examples* Why are Canadians more afraid of crime? - The rise of 24/7 news reporting - Rise of international terrorism since 9/11 - Our fascination with crime *Would highly recommend reading the textbook for more information and examples*  Michel Foucault ✦ Discipline and punish ✦ The docile body ✦ Power dynamics ✦ The Panopticon Video https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BGq9zW9w3Fw&pp=ygUkZGV2aWFuY2U gYW5kIGNvbmZvcm1pdHkgaW4gc29jaW9sb2d5 Not an assignment or on the Midterm Citation and Credit Crash course (2017, July 17). Deviance: Crash Course Sociology #18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=BGq9zW9w3F w Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984. (1977). Discipline and punish : the birth of the prison. New York :Pantheon Books, Steckley, John. 2023. Elements of Sociology: A Critical Canadian Introduction. 6th Edition. Canada: Oxford University Press Credits to slidego.ca for the slide template