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# Population and Cities During the Industrialization Period * **During the 19th century**, the European population growth accelerated. The mechanization of agricultural tasks triggered rural exodus and intense urbanization. Between 1800 and 1924, about 60 million Europeans migrated, mainly to the U...

# Population and Cities During the Industrialization Period * **During the 19th century**, the European population growth accelerated. The mechanization of agricultural tasks triggered rural exodus and intense urbanization. Between 1800 and 1924, about 60 million Europeans migrated, mainly to the United States. * **Industrial cities** were organized around factories. Working-class neighborhoods were created close to the factories to house the workers. Housing conditions were often poor and lacked running water. # Class Structure in Society In a class-based society, groups differed based on their economic capacity. Three main classes were distinguished: ## Upper Class * **Aristocracy**: Continued to occupy the most prestigious positions in the state and enjoyed a lavish lifestyle. * **High bourgeoisie**: This group encompassed various professions like medicine, law, and business, and became the powerful class in industrial society. ## Middle Class It consisted of the small bourgeoisie, business owners, professionals (doctors, merchants, civil servants), and intermediate-level employees. ## Lower Class * **Peasantry**: Formed the largest part of the population. They could be landowners, laborers, or serfs. * **Proletariat**: Composed of workers (male and female) who performed unskilled labor and had very low wages. * **Domestic servants**: Included maids and butlers. **Note:** The image also depicts a painting of a woman reading a book, which likely represents the middle or upper class during this period. The context suggests the image relates to the social classes discussed in the text.