Genetic Components and Functions
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This document summarizes the fundamental components of genetics, such as DNA, base pairs, amino acids, and proteins, along with their functions. It explains how genes influence traits and explains how genetic mutations can affect health.
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# Genetic Components and Functions **Gene:** A part of DNA that contains the instructions for a protein. **DNA:** The hereditary material composed of the base pairs A, T, C, and G. **Base pairs:** Complementary bases in DNA; A-T and C-G. **Amino acid:** Building blocks for proteins, coded by thr...
# Genetic Components and Functions **Gene:** A part of DNA that contains the instructions for a protein. **DNA:** The hereditary material composed of the base pairs A, T, C, and G. **Base pairs:** Complementary bases in DNA; A-T and C-G. **Amino acid:** Building blocks for proteins, coded by three DNA bases. **ACTN3 gene:** A gene that affects fast muscle cells and sprinting ability. **Gene test:** Analysis of genes to identify genetic variations. **Gene variant:** Different versions of a gene that can influence traits. **Gene defect:** Mutations in a gene that can cause disease. **Biological material:** Samples like blood or saliva used for DNA analysis. **Sprinting test:** Testing to examine the ACTN3 gene and sprinting abilities. **Protein synthesis:** The process where amino acids combine to form proteins based on DNA. **Base sequence:** The order of A, T, C, and G in a gene that codes for proteins. **Proteins:** Large molecules built from amino acids, essential for cell structure and function.
