Biomes PDF

SEGUBAN, SEVILLEJA, RAFIN, CORTADO, PILIEN, BONGOLAN B S S E - 1 B  WHAT IS IOMES? B  BIOMES A biome is a large ecological area on Earth characterized by specific climate conditions, plant life, and animal species. The term "biome" comes from the Greek word "bios," m...

SEGUBAN, SEVILLEJA, RAFIN, CORTADO, PILIEN, BONGOLAN B S S E - 1 B  WHAT IS IOMES? B  BIOMES A biome is a large ecological area on Earth characterized by specific climate conditions, plant life, and animal species. The term "biome" comes from the Greek word "bios," meaning life. It refers to the way various life forms are adapted to the unique environment within that area, such as deserts, grasslands, or tundras. jv FLORA and Flora and fauna refer to the collection of all plants and animals living in a particular region or environmental FAUNA situation. The collection of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) of an area usually interact in various degrees to form an ecosystem. For example, some animals may depend on other animals or plants for survival. Plants may also depend on other plants or animals to thrive. These interdependent relationships are the basis of a functioning ecosystem. The definition of flora and fauna may also include any plants or animals considered as a group for any reason. jv DO ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOMES DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER? BIOMES face several threats Deforestation Overexploitation Climate Change Agricultural Pollution Expansion Urbanization Invasive Species IMPORTANCE OF BIOMES Biomes are crucial since they help maintain Earth's biodiversity by supporting a wide variety of plant and animal species, each adapted to specific environments. They regulate essential ecological processes such as carbon and water cycles, which are critical for sustaining life. Biomes also provide resources like food, medicine, Android raw materials for human use. Additionally, they play a key role in stabilizing the climate and protecting ecosystems from the impacts of environmental changes. jv  FFERENT TYPE DI S OF  DESERT TAIGA RAINFOREST GRASSLAND TUNDRA AQUATIC  DESERT Deserts are dry regions with very low rainfall, usually less than 25 cm per year. They can be either hot, like the Sahara, or cold, like Antarctica. Due to the lack of water, plant life is sparse, with species like cacti and shrubs adapted to store water. Animals such as camels, reptiles, and small mammals are also specially adapted to survive the extreme conditions. Despite the harsh environment, deserts are home to a range of life forms uniquely suited to the arid climate. jv  TYPES OF DESERT Biome: 1. Hot and Dry Deserts: These deserts, such as the Sahara and the Arabian Desert, are known for extremely high daytime temperatures and very little rainfall. Vegetation is sparse, with plants adapted to survive in arid conditions. 2. Cold Deserts: Found in regions like Antarctica and the Gobi Desert, these deserts experience cold winters and cooler temperatures year-round. Precipitation is low, typically falling as snow rather than rain, and plant life is limited to hardy species adapted to cold, dry environments. jv RAINFOREST A rainforest is a dense, lush forest characterized by high rainfall and a warm climate. It has a rich diversity of plant and animal species, thriving in its consistently moist and humid environment. The canopy of trees is often thick and forms multiple layers, creating a unique habitat for a wide range of organisms. Rainforests play a crucial role in regulating global climate and producing oxygen. R  TYPES OF RAINFOREST Biome: 1. Tropical Rainforests are warm, humid forests located near the equator, receiving heavy rainfall throughout the year. They are home to a vast diversity of plants and animals, many of which are unique to these environments. 2. Temperate Rainforests are cooler forests found in coastal regions, characterized by high rainfall and mild temperatures. These forests are typically dominated by large coniferous trees and have a rich ecosystem, though less diverse than tropical rainforests. R G A grassland biome is characterized by vast open spaces dominated by grasses, with few R L trees and moderate rainfall. It supports a variety of herbivores and predators that thrive A in its wide, flat expanses. Grasslands are often A found in regions with seasonal droughts, N leading to distinct dry and wet periods. They SD are important for supporting wildlife and are often used for agriculture due to their fertile soils. S cj  TYPES OF GRASSLAND Biome: 1. Tropical Grasslands (Savannas): Found in warm regions near the equator, such as Africa and South America. These grasslands have distinct wet and dry seasons and are home to a variety of large herbivores like zebras and elephants. 2. Temperate Grasslands: Found in cooler climates, such as the prairies of North America and the steppes of Eurasia. These grasslands have moderate rainfall and support grasses, with few trees due to periodic droughts and wildfires. cj  T U N D R A The tundra biome is a cold, treeless region found in the Arctic and high mountain areas, characterized by permafrost, or permanently frozen ground. It has a short growing season, with hardy plants like mosses, lichens, and small shrubs adapted to survive in the harsh conditions. Animal life includes species like caribou, arctic foxes, and polar bears, all adapted to extreme cold. The tundra experiences long, cold winters and short, cool summers with limited precipitation. P  TYPES OF TUNDRA Biome: 1. Arctic Tundra: Found in the northern hemisphere, mainly in areas like Alaska, Canada, and Siberia. This tundra has extremely cold temperatures, permafrost (permanently frozen soil), and very little plant life, mostly consisting of mosses, lichens, and small shrubs. 2. Alpine Tundra: Located at high altitudes on mountains worldwide, such as the Rockies or the Himalayas. Unlike the Arctic tundra, it doesn’t have permafrost, but it experiences cold temperatures and limited vegetation due to the thin atmosphere and harsh conditions. P  AQUATIC The aquatic biome includes all water-based environments, both freshwater and saltwater, such as rivers, lakes, oceans, and wetlands. It is the largest biome on Earth, covering about 70% of the planet’s surface, and supports a diverse range of life forms, from microscopic organisms to large marine animals like whales. Aquatic biomes are crucial for regulating Earth’s climate, cycling nutrients, and providing habitats for countless species. The biome is divided into freshwater and marine ecosystems, each with distinct characteristics and organisms. B  TYPES OF AQUATIC Biome: 1. Freshwater Biomes: These include rivers, lakes, streams, and ponds. Freshwater biomes have low salt content and are home to species like fish, amphibians, and aquatic plants. They play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity and providing drinking water. 2. Marine Biomes: These cover oceans, seas, coral reefs, and estuaries. Marine biomes have high salt content, supporting diverse species such as fish, whales, and coral, while playing a vital role in regulating Earth's climate and oxygen production. B T The taiga biome, also called the boreal forest, is a vast, cold region located just below the Arctic Circle A in the northern hemisphere. It is characterized by long, harsh winters and short, mild summers. The taiga is dominated by coniferous trees such as pine, I spruce, and fir, which are well adapted to survive the cold and snow. The biome supports a variety of G wildlife, including animals like moose, wolves, bears, and lynxes. Despite the cold conditions, the taiga plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate, A as its forests store large amounts of carbon. C  TYPES OF TAIGA Biome: 1. Open Taiga: Characterized by widely spaced trees and large open areas of grasses, shrubs, and mosses. This type of taiga is typically found in areas with harsher climates, where conditions make it difficult for dense forests to form. 2. Closed Taiga: Consists of dense, continuous forests, primarily made up of coniferous trees like pines, spruces, and firs. Closed taiga is found in slightly milder climates where trees can grow closer together, creating a thick forest canopy. C  TUNDRA vs. TAIGA The tundra and taiga are both cold biomes but differ significantly. The tundra is found in Arctic regions and high mountain tops, characterized by extreme cold, permafrost, and limited vegetation such as mosses and lichens. It experiences long, harsh winters and short, cool summers. In contrast, the taiga (boreal forest) is located just south of the tundra in subarctic regions, with slightly milder temperatures, longer summers, and less severe winters. It features dense forests of coniferous trees like pines and spruces and typically has less permafrost and deeper, more acidic soils. jv FACTORS that shape and influence BIOMES 1. Climate: Temperature and precipitation are the most critical factors, determining the types of plants and animals that can survive. For example, deserts have low rainfall and high temperatures, while rainforests are warm and receive abundant rain. 2. Latitude: The distance from the equator affects the amount of sunlight and temperature a biome receives. Tropical biomes near the equator are warm, while polar biomes are cold. 3. Altitude: Higher elevations tend to have cooler temperatures, affecting the types of vegetation and animals found in mountain biomes compared to lower elevations. R 4. Soil Type: The nutrients and composition of soil influence the kinds of plants that can grow in a biome, which in turn affects the animal species that live there. 5. Topography: The physical features of the land, such as mountains, valleys, and plains, can impact wind patterns, water flow, and species distribution within a biome. 6. Human Activity: Urbanization, deforestation, agriculture, and pollution are significant factors that can degrade biomes and cause habitat loss, leading to biodiversity changes. 7. Natural Disturbances: Events like wildfires, hurricanes, floods, and volcanic eruptions can alter biomes by destroying vegetation and forcing animals to relocate or adapt. R Thanksuu LEADER: SEGUBAN, Jhayvie MEMBERS: for listening RAFIN, Kristine Bless SEVILLEJA, Cyril Joshua PILLIEN, Hannah CORTADO, Angelie BONGOLAN, Ryan