Research Ethics & Intellectual Property Rights PDF

Explain the Research ethics such as Intellectual Property Rights What is Reseach Ethics? Research ethics are a set of guidelines that researchers must follow to ensure the integrity and validity of their research. These guidelines cover a wide range of topics, including intellectual property rights...

Explain the Research ethics such as Intellectual Property Rights What is Reseach Ethics? Research ethics are a set of guidelines that researchers must follow to ensure the integrity and validity of their research. These guidelines cover a wide range of topics, including intellectual property rights and plagiarism. What is plagiarism? is ax unlawful copying someone s ac† of website C0H†9fl† - be it in anY agiving nd repu bI‹"sh ing it without due f*rm credit Example of plagiarism THe Coc+a Ty p e s F”lapia mon riorta Ther e a re different types of a n 4 a ll a r e academic - Tkie violations p lhaagni a eErs” itsm lj a r.p i a r i n 0 0 -Ty*pen ›i re c t @lapiarism m - fi?elf P l a g i a r i s m - @lag i a r i s m 0 - Accidental @lapiarism  Direct Plagiarism Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription of a section of someone else’s work, without attribution and without quotation marks. The deliberate plagiarism of someone else’s work is unethical, academically dishonest, and grounds for disciplinary actions, including expulsion. Self Plagiarism Self-plagiarism occurs when a submits his or her own previous work, or mixes parts of previous works, without permission from all professors involved. Example of Direct Plagiarism: Original Text (from Wikipedia): “Ang mga dinosaur ay mga reptilya na namuhay noong panahon ng Mesozoic, mula 230 hanggang 65 milyong taon na ang nakakalipas.” Direct Plagiarism: “Ang mga dinosaur ay mga reptilya na namuhay noong panahon ng Mesozoic, mula 230 hanggang 65 milyong taon na ang nakakalipas.” (No credit or reference given to Wikipedia) Correct Way to Use the Halimbawa ng Self-Plagiarism (Plagyarismo sa Sariling Akda): 1. Pagkopya ng sariling teksto mula sa nakaraang papel o proyekto. Halimbawa: Unang Akda (Thesis, 2020): “Ang epekto ng klima sa agrikultura ay isang mahalagang isyu sa kasalukuyan.” Pangalawang Akda (Artikulo, 2022): “Ang epekto ng klima sa agrikultura ay isang  Mosaic Plagiarism Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source without using quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author’s language while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original. Sometimes called “patch writing,” this kind of paraphrasing, whether intentional or not, is academically dishonest and punishable – even if you footnote your source! Accidental Plagiarism Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite their sources, or misquotes their sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without attribution. Students must learn how to cite their sources and to take careful and accurate notes when doing research. Halimbawa ng Mosaic Plagiarism: Orihinal na Teksto: “Ang edukasyon ay susi sa pag-unlad ng isang bansa.” Mosaic Plagiarism: “Ang pag-unlad ng isang bansa ay nakasalalay sa edukasyon.” Orihinal na Teksto: “Ang kalusugan ay mahalaga sa buhay ng tao.” Halimbawa ng Accidental Plagiarism sa Tagalog: Orihinal na Teksto: “Ang mga Pilipino ay may mahalagang papel sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas.” (ni Jose Rizal) Accidental Plagiarism: “Ang mga Pilipino ay may mahalagang papel sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas.” (hindi banggitin ang pinagmulan) Orihinal na Teksto: “Ang klima ay nakakaapekto sa agrikultura ng bansa.” (ni Dr. Juan Santos) Accidental Plagiarism: “Ang klima ay nakakaapektuhan ng agrikultura ng bansa.” (hindi i-  What is the purpose of plagiarism? Plagiarism is a type of intellectual theft. Plagiarism can take many forms, from deliberate cheating to accidentally copying from a source without acknowledgement Consequently, whenever you use the words or ideas of another person in your work, you must acknowledge where they came from. Tips: - Always cite your sources properly. - Use quotation marks when directly quoting text. - Paraphrase information in your own words. -Be aware of the different types of plagiarism, such as direct plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, and self- plagiarism.  Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) 1. These rights protect the ownership of creative works, such as inventions, literary works, and artistic works. Researchers must respect the intellectual property rights of others by obtaining permission before using copyrighted materials. Types of Intellectual Property Rights There are two main types of intellectual property rights (IPR). Copyrights and related rights Industrial property Copyright Copyrights give authors the right to protect their work. It covers databases, reference works, computer programs, architecture, drawings, and others. By copyrighting your work, you ensure that others cannot use it without your permission. Industrial property Rights While Industrial property rights include trademarks, patents, geographical indications, and industrial designs. Writing eff ective library and internet Seven Steps to Effective Library Research 1.UNDERSTAND THE ASSIGNMENT AND SELECT YOUR TOPIC State your topic idea as a question. Identify the main concepts or keywords in your question. 2.FIND BACKGROUND INFORMATION IN REFERENCE SOURCES Once you have selected key terms for your topic, look for them in an encyclopedia, dictionary or other reference resource. Review definitions of terms and identify other terms used to describe the concepts. 3.USE CATALOGS TO FIND BOOKS Start with keyword searching, review results and identify subject headings. Note the citation (author, title, etc.), the location information (call number and library or ebook), and circulation status. 4.USE DATABASES TO FIND PERIODICAL ARTICLES Search databases to find articles on your topic. Many will include the full-text of the article. Most databases are accessible both in the library and off-campus through the campus network. 5.FIND INTERNET RESOURCES Use search engines and subject directories to locate materials on the Web. Information on the Internet varies in its reliability; before using information from a website, review the Website Evaluation guidelines. 6.EVALUATE WHAT YOU FIND / REVIEW YOUR PROGRESS Evaluate the authority and quality of the materials you have located. Consider the author, publisher, and date of each resource. 7. CITE WHAT YOU FIND USING A STANDARD FORMAT Avoid plagiarism and use a style manual to be sure to correctly format your citations for both print and electronic resources. Check with your instructor about which citation style you should use. Learn more about Citing Sources. Internet Research Internet Research refers to the study of online behavior and the use of computer- based tools to analyze human behavior. tn s e e n p re yih g n tE c fff orD ia e S Search Engines A Search Engine is a program that allows you to search the Internet for information. There are many search engines on the World Wide Web. You might have heard of search engines like Google, Yahoo!, or Bing. These are the most popular search engines. There are many other excellent search engines on the Internet that you may have never heard of! Regular Search Engines A regular search engine, like Google, Bing, or Yahoo!, searches the Internet based on a given search term. For example, typing “Vasco da Gama” into Google will give you 48,210,000 “hits” or sites to visit for information. Type the same term into Yahoo!, and you come up with G00,000 hits. Meta-Search Engines A Meta-search engine has the ability to search several search engines. Dogpile (www.dogpile.com) is a meta- search engine that will search Google and Yahoo all at once! Search Categories Indexed There are other different types of search engines as well. Let’s look at three more search engines that can help you get better information about your topic. 1. Yippy.com is a search engine that groups search results by category. “Smart” Searching on the Internet Most Internet search engines also allow you to use a set of words or symbols to narrow your search-these are also called operators. AND – use this word when you want to find two words together. For example “Vasco da Gama AND voyage” OR use this when you can accept a couple of words. For example, “Vasco da Gama OR European explorers” - (minus sign) – use this symbol when you want to exclude a word. For example, “Vasco da Gama –hotel” “quotations” – use quotation marks when you are searching for an exact phrase. For example, if you were searching for a book title, you could type “The Voyage of Vasco da Gama” in  How to do effective Internet research? Don’t rely exclusively on Net resources. Narrow your research topic before logging on. Know your subject directories and search engines. Keep a detailed record of sites you visit and the sites you use. Double-check all URLs that you put in your paper. Writing bibliographic format using APA , M LA and Chicago manual style A bibliographic format is a standardized way of citing sources in academic writing. There are several different bibliographic formats, including APA, MLA, and Chicago. APA (American Psychological Association) - This format is commonly used in social sciences, education, and psychology. The APA format uses a parenthetical citation system, with the author’s last name and year of publication included in the text. APA format: Author last name, Initials. (Year). Book title: Subtitle (Edition). Publisher. DOI or URL MLA (Modern Language Association): This format is commonly used in humanities, such as literature, language, and composition. The MLA format uses parenthetical citation in a system, with the author’s last name and page number included in the text. MLAform at Aut\0r last name, FifSt name. NLA 8a0k title: Works6ite4 ÉüËÏÏÏl9. EJÏtÏOh, üu6liSher,7ear. D0J@1dS0M,Bruce.Dvtch:AÊ0M@fQhQfSi€Q R0utledge, 2017. Chicago: This format is commonly used in history, business, and the arts. The Chicago format uses footnotes or endnotes to cite sources. Chicago format g Author last name, First name. Book Title: Subtitle. Edition. Place of publication: Donaldson, Bruce. Dutch: A Comprehensive Grammar. 3rd ed. Abingdon-on- Thames: Routledgef 2017. chi«aaoroot«o ta 1. Bruce Donaldson, Dutch: A Comprehensive Grammar, 3rd ed. (Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2017), 2. Donaldson, Outch, 73.