Group 3.pdf

GROUP 3 Carl Peñaranda Reynaldo Amparo Jhanna Otugay Vheily Nunez Flajilet Librias DATABASE SYSTEM  DATABASE IS A COLLECTION OF INTERRELATED DATA THAT HELPS IN THE EFFICIENT RETRIEVAL, INSERTION, AND DELETION OF DATA FROM THE DATABASE AND ORGANIZES THE DATA IN THE FORM OF TABLE...

GROUP 3 Carl Peñaranda Reynaldo Amparo Jhanna Otugay Vheily Nunez Flajilet Librias DATABASE SYSTEM  DATABASE IS A COLLECTION OF INTERRELATED DATA THAT HELPS IN THE EFFICIENT RETRIEVAL, INSERTION, AND DELETION OF DATA FROM THE DATABASE AND ORGANIZES THE DATA IN THE FORM OF TABLES, VIEWS, SCHEMAS, REPORTS, ETC.  DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) A SOFTWARE SYSTEM THAT IS DESIGNED TO MANAGE AND ORGANIZE DATA IN A STRUCTURED MANNER. IT ALLOWS USERS TO CREATE, MODIFY, AND QUERY A DATABASE, AS WELL AS MANAGE THE SECURITY AND ACCESS CONTROLS FOR THAT DATABASE. DBMS PROVIDES AN ENVIRONMENT TO STORE AND RETRIEVE DATA IN CONVENIENT AND EFFICIENT MANNER.  THE PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF A DBMS INCLUDE: 1.Data Definition: Establishes the database structure, including data types, relationships, and constraints. 2.Data Manipulation: Involves inserting, updating, deleting, and retrieving data using queries and commands. 3.Data Security: Ensures only authorized users can access and modify data through access control. 4.Data Integrity: Maintains data accuracy, consistency, and reliability with validation rules and constraints. 5.Concurrency Control: Manages simultaneous database access to prevent conflicts and ensure consistency. 6.Backup and Recovery: Provides methods for data backup and recovery in case of system failures or corruption. TYPES OF DATABASE 1. RELATIONAL DATABASES (SQL DATABASES) Relational databases(RDBMS) organize data into tables, where each table has rows and columns. These databases use structured query language (SQL) for defining and manipulating data. 2. NOSQL DATABASES These databases are designed to handle large volumes of unstructured, semi- structured, or structured data. NoSQL provide flexible schema designs and often offer horizontal scalability. TYPES OF NOSQL DATABASES Document databases: Store data in flexible, JSON-like documents Graph databases: Optimize for data with complex relationships. Key-value stores: Simplest NoSQL databases, storing data as key-value pairs. Column-family stores: Store data in columns rather than rows 3. CLOUD DATABASES Cloud databases are online databases that store and manage data in a cloud computing environment. They offer various advantages such as scalability, reliability, and accessibility. 4. IN-MEMORY DATABASES In-memory databases store data primarily in RAM rather than on disk, resulting in faster data access. 5. TIME-SERIES DATABASES Time-series databases are optimized for storing and querying time-stamped data, such as sensor data, IoT data, and financial market data. 6. NEWSQL DATABASES NewSQL databases aim to combine the scalability and flexibility of NoSQL databases with the ACID compliance and SQL querying capabilities of traditional relational databases. 7. OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASES Object-oriented databases organize and store data in a way that reflects the principles of object-oriented programming (OOP). In OODBs, data is represented as objects, which encapsulate both data and the methods or functions that operate on that data.  RELATIONAL VS NON-RELATIONAL DATABASES RELATIONAL DATABASES The following are some of the main advantages of relational database: Data integrity Structured query language Complex queries and relationships The following are some of the main disadvantages of relational database: Scalability Schema rigidity Handling of unstructured data NON-RELATIONAL DATABASES The following are some of the main advantages of non-relational database: Scalability Flexibility Performance The following are some of the main disadvantages of non-relational database: Complex transactions Consistency Standardization  SQL AND NOSQL DATABASES WHAT IS SQL? SQL is a domain-specific language used to query and manage data. It works by allowing users to query, insert, delete, and update records in relational databases. SQL also allows for complex logic to be applied through the use of transactions and embedded procedures such as stored functions or views.  WHAT IS NOSQL? NoSQL stands for Not only SQL. It is a type of database that uses non- relational data structures, such as documents, graph databases, and key-value stores to store and retrieve data. NoSQL systems are designed to be more flexible than traditional relational databases and can scale up or down easily to accommodate changes in usage or load. This makes them ideal for use in applications  WEB TECHNOLOGIES  WEB DEVELOPMENT refers to the creating, building, and maintaining of websites. It includes aspects such as web design, web publishing, web programming, and database management. It is the creation of an application that works over the internet i.e. websites. THE WORD WEB DEVELOPMENT IS MADE UP OF TWO WORDS, THAT IS: Web: It refers to websites, web pages or anything that works over the internet. Development: It refers to building the application from scratch. WEB DEVELOPMENT CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO WAYS: FRONT END BACK END POPULAR FRONTEND TECHNOLOGIES HTML: HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is used to design the front end portion of web pages using markup language. It acts as a skeleton for a website since it is used to make the structure of a website. POPULAR FRONTEND TECHNOLOGIES CSS: Cascading Style Sheets fondly referred to as CSS is a simply designed language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable. It is used to style our website. POPULAR FRONTEND TECHNOLOGIES JavaScript: JavaScript is a scripting language used to provide a dynamic behavior to our website. WEB SERVERS AND HOSTING WEB SERVERS A web server is a program that processes user requests and serves files to create web pages using HTTP. It stores website files and delivers them to clients upon request. For example, when you enter a URL like Facebook in your browser, your computer sends an HTTP request to the web server, which then sends back the necessary files to display the website. THERE ARE MANY WEB SERVERS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET BOTH FREE AND PAID. SOME OF THEM ARE DESCRIBED BELOW: 1. The Apache HTTP Server, developed by the Apache Software Foundation, is the most popular web server, powering about 60% of the world’s web servers. It’s open-source, allowing users to modify its code, and it can be easily installed on various operating systems like Linux, MacOS, and Windows. 2. Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) is a high-performing web server developed by Microsoft. It integrates well with the Windows operating system, making it easier to administer. While it offers robust customer support and features similar to the Apache HTTP Server, it is not open-source, so its code cannot be modified. IIS can be easily installed on any Windows device. WEB HOSTING is the service that provides the resources to a website and the necessary technologies for a website that displays over the internet. When the user hits any request the request goes to the server. Their PC connects to the server where the website is stored, then the server sends the website’s data to the user’s computer which is displayed on the screen and allows them to view it in their web browsers. So, it’s like renting a space on a computer to store all the files and data of your website, so others can visit it online. Workflow Steps on Web Hosting WEB APIS AND RESTFUL SERVICES What is Web API? Web API is the API provided by the web browser and can be used directly to fetch any kind of data of that device or any other details according to the used API. The web includes a variety of APIs that can be used to add more functions to the web. Basically web API provides many more APIs, methods, and interfaces that can be used in JavaScript to get more features in an application.  Why Web API? 1.Reduces efforts: As web development or development of software is increasing day by day. everyone wants a fast web application so that we can use Web APIs, as it reduces development time and effort. The third- party APIs help to load or fetch the data fast which helps developers to put less effort. 2.Less maintenance: As APIs are third-party interfaces and maintained by third party also, there is no need to look after an API and we can just fetch our data by using those APIs and use it on our current web page. 3.Security: APIs are used to exchange data between two separate parties so it must be secure so that other than authorized parties no one else can access that. APIs provided by third parties are already secured by organizations with many layers. TYPES OF WEB APIS 1.WEB STORAGE API Facilitates the feature of storing data within the browser on the client side. 2. WEB API CSS FONT LOADING Handles the dynamic change in CSS that occurs on the web page. 3. WEB API HISTORY Used to access the browser history. It basically gives us access to the history of global objects. 4. WEB API POPOVER Used to display some messages that require instant attention e.g. Popovers in the form of Help, Modals, Toasts, etc. 5.WEB API PICTURE-IN-PICTURE Enables websites to display a video in a floating window that stays on top of windows 6. WEB API FULLSCREEN Used to control the fullscreen mode. 7. WEB API BATTERY Used to track the information of the battery status of the given device. 8. WEB API CLIPBOARD Used to directly access the user’s clipboard. 9. WEB API VIBRATION Enables web developers to manage device vibrations and enrich user interactions. 10. WEB API UI EVENTS Used to handle the event that occurs in the UI layer. This UI event can be a mouse event or keyboard event 11. WEB API CONSOLE Provides an interactive environment within web browsers, allowing developers to interact with JavaScript and web APIs, debug code, and inspect various aspects of web applications. 12. WEB API HTML DRAG AND DROP Used to make user interaction by enabling them to drag some boxes made with any tag and drop them like text and images into the dropping regions that are created on DOM 13. WEB API FETCH This is used to perform requests. This method returns a Promise which can be further used to retrieve response of the request. WEB RESTFUL SERVICES REST or Representational State Transfer is an architectural style that can be applied to web services to create and enhance properties like performance, scalability, and modifiability. RESTful web services are generally highly scalable, light, and maintainable and are used to create APIs for web-based applications. It exposes API from an application in a secure and stateless manner to the client. The protocol for REST is HTTP. In this architecture style, clients and servers use a standardized interface and protocol to exchange representation of resources. REST became popular due to the following reasons: 1.It allows web applications built using different programming languages to communicate with each other. Also, web applications may reside in different environments, like on Windows, or for example, Linux. 2.Mobile devices have become more popular than desktops. Using REST, you don’t need to worry about the underlying layer for the device. Therefore, it saves the amount of effort it would take to code applications on mobiles to talk with normal web applications. 3.Modern applications have to be made compatible with the Cloud. As Cloud-based architectures work using the REST principle, it makes sense for web services to be programmed using the REST service-based architecture. ADVANTAGES OF RESTFUL WEB SERVICES: 1.Speed: As there is no strict specification, RESTful web services are faster as compared to SOAP. It also consumes fewer resources and bandwidth. 2.Compatible with SOAP: RESTful web services are compatible with SOAP, which can be used as the implementation. 3.Language and Platform Independency: RESTful web services can be written in any programming language and can be used on any platform. 4.Supports Various Data Formats: It permits the use of several data formats like HTML, XML, Plain Text, JSON, etc. THANK YOU