Gram+ Bacteria, Part 2 (PDF)

BACTERIOLOGY LEC hemolytic,and starch/glycogen (-) w/ bleach like odor GRAM + BACILLI PART 2 ○ Intermedius= small colonies...

BACTERIOLOGY LEC hemolytic,and starch/glycogen (-) w/ bleach like odor GRAM + BACILLI PART 2 ○ Intermedius= small colonies (0.5mm) dry, gray/black colonies w/ gray border on CTA; Corynebacterium diphtheriae non-hemolytic ★ Kleb Loeffler’s Bacillus ○ Gravis= daisy head colonies, ★ Coryne= club in Greek & pathogen to largest, non-hemolytic, HUMANS ONLY starch/glycogen (+), MOST ★ NM, NS, NE severe biotype ★ Catalase= + & Urease= - ○ Belfanti= most frequently ★ Best Test= Dnase Test (+) recovered ★ straight/slightly curved w/ typically ○ How to write biotypes EX: swollen one end Corynebacterium diphtheriae ★ Ferments dextrose and glucose var belfanti ★ HIGHLY pleomorphic, club and bard ★ CLINICAL INFECTIONS: shaped ○ Diphtheria= acute ★ Metachromatic granules (Babes-Ernst communicable disease (sudden Granules/Babes-Ernst Bodies) that lasts for a short time & ★ GRAM STAIN RXN spreadable) usual to kids ○ X, V, Y, and L formation; Manifested by: local Chinese Letter/Picker Fence infections of URT ○ palisade, picket-fence, Systemic effects= heart club-shaped, dumbbell, barbed, & peripheral nerves cig appearance ○ Resembles Mycobacteria and 2 FORMS OF CORYNE Nocardia ★ VIRULENCE FACTOR- diphtheria toxin= ★ Respiratory Form= phrayngitis w/ exotoxin; heat labile A and B exotoxin exudative membrane covering tonsils, ★ Reco medium= enrichment medium ursula, and palate (has serum, cystine, K tellurite) ○ Acquired thru droplet infection/ ★ BAP= narrow beta hemolysis hand-mouth contact (common ★ CTBA= Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar= to people living in crowded gray-black colonies (gun metal black environment) colonies) ○ Gray-white pseudomembranous ★ Tinsdale Medium= black colonies w/ formation; developed= bull’s eye brown halo neck appearance/swollen neck ★ Loeffler's Serum= poached-egg colonies symptoms ★ Loeffler's Serum Slant and PAT’s ○ Cardiac failure= death Coagulated Egg Serum ★ Cutaneous Form= slow healing ulcers & l membranous formation; less common complication 2 TYPES OF CORYNEBACTERIUM ★ Toxigenic= can produce diphtheria DIAGNOSTIC FAILURE exotoxin ★ Non-Toxigenic= biotypes/variates; ★ Most pathogenic sign= based on carbo fermentation and pseudomembrane formation in tonsils hemolysis ○ Mitis= convex, fried egg colonies, medium, black, beta  ○ Lipophilic coryneform LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS bacterium= grows slowly requiring 3/more days ★ SPX= nasopharyngeal & throat swab ○ Modified Tinsdale= black w/ (Dacron Tipped Swab/ Calcium brown halo; brown halo Alginate) differentiating feature C. ★ STAINED SMEARS: diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, C. ○ Gram Stain pseudotuberculosis ○ LAMB= Loeffler’s Alkaline ○ Loeffler’s Medium= stimulate Methylene Blue, Neisser’s, growth of C. diphtheria & Albert’s and Ljubinsky production of metachromatic ○ CULTURE= primary inoculation granules of throat swab to Loeffler’s ★ OTHERS: Serum Slant & overnight ○ Thioglycollate Broth and BHI incubation & subculture any ○ Broth infused w/ rabbit’s serum= growth on CTBA lipophilic coryneform bacteria ★ Shick’s Test= susceptibility test; skin test will enhance the growth ★ Toxigenicity(virulence test): ★ Reverse CAMP Test= incubation @ 37 ○ In Vivo Toxigenicity (Roemer’s degree C for 24-48 hrs in AEROBIC Test)= guinea pig lethality test condition; bowtie carried out w/h 1-3 days; ○ Corynebacterium positive: death of unprotected pseudotuberculosis- arrowhead guinea pig between the line cuz of alpha ○ In Vitro Toxigenicity= Modified toxin produced & interacting w/ Elek’s Test; immunodiffusion test CAMP factor producing Uses filter paper strip synergistic hemolysis w/ known toxigenic C. ★ Tween 80 Test= useful preliminary diphtheria & known identification of a certain coryne non-toxigenic C. bacteria like C. jeikeium & C. urealyticum diphtheriae enhanced of growth cuz of lipids Streak parallel then ★ Shick’s Test= susceptibility test; injects incubate; lines of small dose of toxin in the forearms & precipitation @ 45 evaluates injection between 24-48 hrs degrees angle ○ Test arm= 0.1 mL diphtheria ★ GRAM STAINING toxin, +, redness & swelling, ○ Gram + rods, pleomorphic, persists to the 6th day & fades slightly curved w/ gradually tapered/clubbed ends ○ Control arm= 0.1 diphtheria ○ Occurs singly/pairs often V/ toxin Chinese letters ○ positive= susceptibility ○ Stain weakly and uneven= (non-immunity) beaded appearance ○ negative= immunity ★ CULTURING ○ Control: thru immunization (DPT; ○ 5% sheep’s blood agar in prep diphtheria pertussis and for CTBA (black/gray colonies) tetanus) ○ Incubated @ 35 degrees w/ 5-10% CO2 for 48 hrs (small zone of beta-hemolysis)  ★ Gram stain= banding DIPHTHEROIDS ★ On 5% BAP= granular, dry, and yellowish ★ Diphtheria like bacteria NF of throat w/ less/shorter metachromatic granules Corynebacterium acnes ○ C. xerosis= glu, mal, suc fermenter ★ Involvement is in the skin ○ C. acnes ★ Propionibacterium acnes ○ C. pyogenes ○ C. aquaticum ○ C. pseudodiphtheriticum (also Corynebacterium ministissimum known as C. hofmannii) ○ C. urealyticum (Group D2, UTI & ★ Agent of erythrasma= superficial wound infections in infection of axillary and skin in pubic immunocompromised patients) area ★ On 5% BAP= small, circular, shiny, and moist Corynebacterium jeikeium ★ Gram stain= single cells, palisading, and chinese letters ★ Formely group JK ★ Wood’s light= coral red fluorescence= ★ Common cause of diphtheria prosthetic, porphyrin valve endocarditis & assoc. w/ pneumonia & peritonitis ★ Ferments glu; lipophilic spp. Corynebacterium amycolatum ★ On 5% BAP= small, white, yellow, convex & non-hemolytic ★ NF of human conjunctiva, skin, and ★ Pleomorphic, club-shaped arranged in V nasopharynx forms ★ Immunocompromised endocarditis, ★ Involved in multiple ABX resistant septicemia, pneumonia & neonatal ★ Proliferate as skin flora on hospitalized sepsis individuals ★ Usually seen in groin, axillary, inguinal, Corynebacterium ulcerans and rectal area, ★ Reverse CAMP + ★ Respiratory pathogen in man & other higher animals Corynebacterium pseudodiphteriticum ★ Assoc. w/ diphtheria like sore throat ★ On BAP= small, dry, waxy, gray-white ★ Hofmann’s Bacillus colonies, very pleomorphic gram + ★ NF of nasopharynx bacilli, and fewer metachromatic ★ + nitrate production & urea hemolysis granules ★ Gram Stain= typical corynebacterium +, ★ Growth similar to c. diphtheria on rods, parallel rows/palisades, X other Tellurite agar & grows well on Loeffler’s characteristics and PATs ★ show s pleomorphism ★ Produces diphtheria like toxin & ★ On 5% BAP= gray-white, dry, waxy diphtheria like infection ★ Can cause mastitis in cattles ★ Infection can occur upon exposure to Corynebacterium xerosis cattles/ other ingested contam. milk ★ Can be assoc. with conjunctiva  ★ Microscopically= short rods w/ rounded Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ends ; singly in short chains / in non binding filaments ★ Assoc. w/ horses ★ Best spx for culture= biopsy/ tissue ★ Old name= Corynebacterium bovis aspirates ★ Gram stain= typical coryneform gram + ★ Antimicrobial susceptibilty: rods ○ Susceptible to: ★ On 5% BAP= yellowish, white, opaque, Penicillin= treatment for convex, and matted surface localized systemic infection Corynebacterium striatum Cephalosporins Erythromycin ★ Gram stain= banding Clindamycin ★ On 5% BAP= white, moist, and smooth Chloramphenicol ○ Resistant to: Sulfonamides Corynebacterium imitans Aminoglycosides Vancomycin ★ Gram stain= typical coryneform gram + ★ Major reservoir: domestic swine rods ★ Transmission: contact w/ infected animal ★ On 5% BAP= white, gray, glisterring, excreta, blood, flesh convex, and creamy ★ Laboratory diagnosis: ○ Gelatin Medium= pipe cleaner/ test tube brush pattern @ 22 Corynebacterium urealyticum degree C; only gram + bacilli that is H2S ★ Gram stain=gram + coccobacilli forms V shape ★ On 5% BAP= pinpoint after 24 hrs, white, Listeria monocytogenes smooth ★ Major source of infection on contam. food (frozen meat, dairy, coleslaw etc) Erysipelothrix rhusiopatiae ★ Only bacteria that can cross the placenta ★ Gram + bacilli; microaerophilic ★ Small gram + coccobacilli ★ Not a NF ★ NAF, NS and human & animal pathogen ★ Veterinary pathogen ★ Tumbling motility @ RT ★ Resistant to salty and pickling ★ Hanging Drop Method= presumptive test ★ Catalase, Indole, Nitrate,Oxidase, ★ SIM= umbrella & can grown @ 25-35 Urease, Esculin hydrolysis, and Gelatin= - degree C; umbrella like growth on agar ★ NM, NS, NE & alpha hemolytic on BAP surface ★ Colonies= lamp brush, test tube brush, ★ Inverted christmas tree bottle brush like ★ Isolated from crustaceans, ticks, and ★ Sodium hippurate= + fleas ★ May cause erysipeloid (Butcher’s ★ Can grow @ 4 degree C for several cut/Diamond Cut)= skin infection usually weeks in handlers (sa palengke) or farmers ★ Catales, VP test, Bile Esculin, Hippurate= ★ Survives well in water, soil, and plant + material ★ Indole, oxidase, and urease test= - ★ TSI= H2S + ★ CAMP test= + Rhodococcus equi as ○ Anton’s Test = ocular virulence known org. test; 1-2 drops of bacterial ★ Can be confused with Group B strep. suspension on guinea pig/ ★ Can grown on high salt conc. (10% NaCl) rabbit; positive= virulent ★ Gram stain= resembles Streptococci spp. conjunctivitis after 24-46 hrs ★ Virulence factor: ○ Listeriolysin O (hemolytic & cytotoxic)(can escape Arcanobacterium hemolyticum phagolysosome) ○ Superoxide dismutase ★ Reverse CAMP= - w/ S. aureus (inverted ○ P60 triangle) ○ Actin rockets= screenshot to ★ Beta hemolytic another cell ★ Lipase & Lecithinase= + ★ Refrigeration for several months= enhanced Listeria Lactobacillus acidophilus ★ Best procedure to diff. L. monocytogenes from Corynebacterium= motility @ 25 ★ NF of mouth, GIT (Boas-Oppler Bacillus), degree C & Salicin (Listeria is +) and vaginal canal (Doderlein Bacillus) ★ Causes listeriosis, meningitis, ★ Rare cause of bacteremia & pneumonia meningoencephalitis, and perinatal ★ Produces large quantity of lactic acid= septicemia protects women against urogenital ★ Granulomatosis, infantiseptica infection meningitis, pneumonia, abortion, still ★ Catalase , H2S TSI, Urease, Nitrate birth, conjunctivitis, urethritis Reduction, Beta Hemolysis= - ★ Can cause food poisoning , septicemia, ★ NM & pleomorphic still birth, and meningitis ★ Culture= Tomato Juice Agar ★ MOT= ingestion of contam. meat, ★ L. bulgaricus = yoghurt chicken, and dairy products including ★ L. casei= Shirota strain= yakult milk coleslaw ★ Laboratory Diagnosis: ★ Has the ability to survive w/h the ○ Medium= 5% BA,, Chocolate phagocytes; intracellular pathogen Agar, CNA; Anaerobic BAP testing ○ Usual Iden. based on ★ Can be seen in vacuum sealed sliced Colony bacon Gram stain morphology ★ Processed meat= E.coli, Listeria, Catalase test (-) Lactobacillus ○ Glucose fermentation= + ★ Microaerophilic= needs a little oxygen ○ Maltose fermentation= + ★ Normally found on pap stained smears ○ Mannitol fermentation= v (either ★ Laboratory Diagnosis: +/-) ○ 5% Sheep’s Blood Agar= small, ○ Sucrose fermentation= + white, translucent, smooth, and ★ Antimicrobial susceptibility: moist ○ Resistant to: ○ SBA= narrow band & beta Cephalosporin hemolysis Penicillin ○ Semisolid Media= umbrella Vancomycin ○ Gram stain ○ Test for motility ○ FAT ○ Culture; McBride Agar