Grammar Study Guide for 9th Grade PDF - Present Perfect

5.4 Present Perfect with For and Since General concept The Present Perfect is often used with "for" and "since" to talk about actions that started in the past and continue in the present. Difference Between "For" and "Since"  Examples 1. She has lived in Paris since 2019....

5.4 Present Perfect with For and Since General concept The Present Perfect is often used with "for" and "since" to talk about actions that started in the past and continue in the present. Difference Between "For" and "Since"  Examples 1. She has lived in Paris since 2019. 2. They have been married for 15 years. 3. We haven’t seen each other since last Christmas. 4. He has studied at this school for two months. 5. I have worked here since my birthday. 5.5 Present Perfect: Past Time Clauses with Since General concept When using the Present Perfect with since, we often include a past time clause to show when the action started.  Present Perfect: Past Time Clauses with Since The past event marks the starting point of the action. Example: I have studied English since I started school. The Past Time Clause Can Be an Exact Date or Event. Example with a specific event: She has not eaten meat since she became vegetarian. Example with a date: They have been married since 2015. 5.6 Present Perfect and Simple Past: Indefinite or Definite Past Time General concept The Present Perfect and the Simple Past are both used to talk about past events, but the key difference lies in whether the past time is indefinite or definite.  Present Perfect (Indefinite Past Time) Used when the exact time of the action is not mentioned or not important. Focuses on the result or experience rather than when it happened. Often used with words like ever, never, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now. Examples: I have visited Paris. (We don’t know when.) She has just finished her homework. (The exact time is not important.)  Simple Past (Definite Past Time) Used when the past action happened at a specific time. The time is either mentioned or understood from context. Often used with time expressions like yesterday, last week, in 2010, two days ago, when I was a child. Examples: I visited Paris in 2020. (The exact time is given.) She finished her homework last night. (A specific time is mentioned.) They ate sushi yesterday. (Definite time.)  Exercises Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words. 1. I (see) that movie already. 2. She (visit) her grandparents last summer. 3. They (live) in New York for five years. 4. We (finish) our homework before dinner. 5. He (eat) sushi before. Word bank: have seen, visited, have lived, finished, has eaten. 5.7 Present Perfect and Simple Past: Incomplete and Complete Time General concept The difference between Present Perfect and Simple Past can also be understood in terms of incomplete and complete time.  Present Perfect (Incomplete Time) Used when the time period is not finished. The action may still have an effect on the present. Often used with this week, this year, today, in my life, recently, so far, up to now. Examples: I have read three books this month. (The month is still ongoing, so I might read more.) She has traveled a lot this year. (The year is not over yet.) We have worked hard today. (The day is still continuing.)  Simple Past (Complete Time) Used when the time period is finished. The action is completely in the past, with no connection to the present. Often used with last week, last year, yesterday, in 2010, when I was a child. Examples: I read three books last month. (Last month is over; no possibility of reading more in that time.) She traveled a lot last year. (Last year is finished.) We worked hard yesterday. (Yesterday is over.)  Exercises Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words. 1. They (never travel) to Europe before. 2. She (read) that book last month. 3. I (complete) my homework, so I can watch TV now. 4. We (live) in this city since 2015. 5. He (graduate) from college two years ago. Word bank: have never traveled, read, have completed, have lived, graduated.