Gram Positive Study Guide PDF

Gram Positive Study Guide Cocci ​ Gram stain — first look to see what is growing in a specimen ​ Staph aureus — normal flora on skin and in nasal cavity (swab for MRSA, 40% colonization rates) ​ Staph aureus — leading cause of bacteremia (sepsis!!) ​ Diagnosis of staph aure...

Gram Positive Study Guide Cocci ​ Gram stain — first look to see what is growing in a specimen ​ Staph aureus — normal flora on skin and in nasal cavity (swab for MRSA, 40% colonization rates) ​ Staph aureus — leading cause of bacteremia (sepsis!!) ​ Diagnosis of staph aureus — media (blood agar, mannitol salt agar) ​ If MRSA — treat with Ceftaroline / Ceftobiprole (bind to PBP-2a directly) ​ S. lugdunensis — normal flora in skin, similar to S. aureus, native valve endocarditis, bacteremia, joint infections ​ Other CNST — when seen in ¼ bottles in blood culture = contaminated! ​ S. saprophyticus — UTIs, females 16-35, late summer season ​ Diagnosis — Urease POS ​ GAS — strep throat, scarlet fever (untreated strep; red rash and red strawberry tongue) ​ GBS — neonatal disease (early onset can cause sepsis and pneumonia; prevention is chemoprophylaxis near birth) ​ S. pneumoniae — leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (community acquired pneumonia; lobar pneumona/acute fever/shortness of breath) ​ Diagnosis — Bile Solubility POS ​ S. anginosus — can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, deep tissue abscesses (commonly seen with anaerobic bacteria) ​ Enterococcuss spp — lots of intrinsic resistance, including Cefazolin, B-lactams, Aminoglycosides, Clindamycin, Ertapenem, TMP-SMX (Septra) ​ Therapy options — ampicillin (95% E. faecalis are susceptible;