GR 11 Human Urinary System One Pager PDF

Processes of the kidney The human urinary system Adipose tissue Surrounds and protects the 1. Glomular filtration:...

Processes of the kidney The human urinary system Adipose tissue Surrounds and protects the 1. Glomular filtration: kidney from shocks In the body of malpighi. Renal Blood passes through the glomerulus under high capsule Surround and protect the pressure. Wastes are forced together with water from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule (by the Renal artery Bring blood podocytes). waste products and oxygen to 2. Selective reabsorption: the kidney Can occur actively or passively (with or without energy). Kidney Take blood without Passive reabsorption - takes place by diffusion wastes and oxygen away and osmosis (depends on the concentration from the kidney gradient). Filtrate flows more slowly - hairpin turns formed Renal pelvis Collect urine The structure of the kidney by the loop of Henle. Efferent arteriole Network of capillary blood vessels present that reabsorb (return to bloodstream) substances Ureter Takes urine away from the such as water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins kidney to the bladder and salts needed by the body. Amino acids and Glomerulus Bladder Stores urine temporarily glucose are completely reabsorbed. Collecting duct Adaptations of the parts of the kidney: 3. Tubular secretion: Body of Malpighi: Afferent arteriole Some substances not filtered from the blood are Afferent arteriole is larger than the efferent arteriole - this added to the filtrate at the distal convoluted causes greater pressure in the glomerulus - more waste Distal convoluted tubule tubule. products forced out of blood. Podocytes (specialized filtration cells) are present in the Osmoregulationis the process by which the proper wall of the capsule of Bowman, which makes filtration balance between water and dissolved substances is Bowman’s capsule better. maintained in the body. Duct of Henle Bowman capsule is cup-shaped - large surface area for Water balance (ADH): Construction of the nephron filtration. The proximal convoluted tubule: HYPOTHALAMUS contains receptors. Receptors are stimulated bytoo little water in the bloodstream. The functional unit of the kidney Is very long and coiled for maximum reabsorption. Proximal convoluted tubule Cuboidal epithelial cells with microvilli and many Pituitary is stimulated to secrete more ADH. Construction of the nephron: mitochondria are present for reabsorption. the structures in the kidney responsible for excretion and osmoregulation. Consists of the corpus Malpighi and the convoluted tubules Functions of the kidney: Renal tubules become more permeable to Corpus Malpighi: consists of Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus. Convoluted tubules The kidneys excrete waste products such as urea. It water. More water is reabsorbed back into the consist of the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted regulates the amount of water in the body. Excrete bloodstream. tubule. excess salts. Water levels in the blood rise back to normal. The distal convoluted tubule opens into a collecting duct and opens into the renal calyces of the Receptors in the hypothalamus are also renal pelvis. stimulated by too much water in the Kidney diseases and treatment: bloodstream. Pituitary is inhibited to secrete Salt balance (Aldosterone): Kidney stones: Hard calcium crystals that form in the pelvic less ADH. Receptors are stimulated by too much salt in the bloodstream. Adrenal gland is stimulated to release region of the kidney. The renal tubules become less permeable to less Aldosterone. Kidney failure: When the kidneys do not function fully. water. Renal tubules become less permeable to salt and more salt is excreted with the urine. Salt Less water is reabsorbed into the levels in the blood drop back to normal. Kidney dialysis: involves a process where a patient's blood bloodstream. Receptors are stimulated bytoo little salt in the bloodstream. Adrenal gland is stimulated to release flows through a filtration system and is then returned to More water is excreted with the urine. The water more Aldosterone. the body. levels in the blood drop back to normal. Renal tubules become more permeable to salt and less salt is excreted with the urine. Salt Kidney transplant: When a healthy kidney from a donor is levels in the blood rise back to normal. transplanted into a person with kidney failure (surgically)