Gov Midterm Review PDF

Midyear Review Directions: Fill in the definition for each of the following terms. You may want to include any other information that will help you study. Terms to Know: 1.​ Social Contract Unwritten agreement between the people and its government 2.​ Judicial Branch The branch of government...

Midyear Review Directions: Fill in the definition for each of the following terms. You may want to include any other information that will help you study. Terms to Know: 1.​ Social Contract Unwritten agreement between the people and its government 2.​ Judicial Branch The branch of government that makes sure the decisions of the other branches align with the constitution 3.​ Executive Branch The branch of government that enforces the laws 4.​ Legislative Branch The branch of government that creates laws 5.​ Separation of Power Powers of government are separated among three branches 6.​ Government Authority of a region 7.​ Delegate Representative of a government 8.​ Checks and Balances Branches have powers that can “check” other branches to keep every branch at a almost equal state of power 9.​ Enumerated Written or specifically said 10.​Northwest Ordinance Established the land of northwest territories ​ 11.​ Amend Make a specific change to a certain line of legislation 12.​Proportional representation Higher the population, the more representation 13.​3/5 clause Slaves were considered ⅗ of a person for representation 14.​Divided Powers Powers are equally divided 15.​Necessary & Proper Clause If the action has to be done and it is constitutional then it does not have to follow due process. 16.​Anti-Federalists Believed in states have the most power 17.​Bill of Rights The first 10 amendments 18.​Electoral College Whoever gets majority in that state earns all of they votes from that state 19.​Democrat A person that is on the liberal side of the spectrum 20.​Republican A person that is on the conservative side of the spectrum 21.​Constitution The major laws of the U.S. 22.​Ratified Made into a law 23.​Filibuster Only in the senate. Talking about anything to delay the vote of legislation 24.​Cloture Taking a vote 25.​Veto President denies a law 26.​Precedent A prior decision which influences similar decisions 27.​Supremacy Clause Federal laws are above state laws  28.​Popular Sovereignty The people create the government to serve them 29.​Civic virtue A set of moral principles that help bond society 30.​Judicial Review The judicial branch interprets laws to determine whether they align with the constitution. 31.​ Habeas Corpus: Protection of individual rights 32.​ Appeal Rechallenges your cases. Go to a higher court. Political Parties 33.​Differences between Democrats and Republicans Democrats lean more towards the liberal side of the spectrum while Republicans lean towards the conservative side more 34.​Differences between House and Senate House has representation based on population while the Senate has equal representation 35.​Federalists/ Federalist Party Favored a strong central government as they believed that the articles of confederation were weak. 36.​Function of political parties To offer a platform to the candidate as well as support them. 37.​Which political parties most likely support Democrats? Republicans? Green Party and Democratic Socialists of America. Liberation and Constitution. 38.​Political Spectrum Towards the left is liberal and towards the right is the conservative 39.​Liberal Major government involvement. Support Abortion, disapprove of death penalty, and more communist than free market. Increased government programs with high taxes 40.​Conservative Minor government involvement. Disapproves Abortion, approves of death penalty, and more free market than communism. Lower taxes but, less government programs 41.​Moderate an equal amount of both. In the middle of all debates. 42.​ Testimonial: A celebrity compliments the candidate 43.​ Mudslinging: Name-calling or stretching facts 44.​ Transfer: Using well known symbols to create a positive feeling about themselves or a negative feeling about the opponent 45.​ Card Stacking Using statistics and other numbers to create a positive view of the candidate or a negative view 46.​ Plain Folks Acting like the “average person” to gain a bond between them and people 47.​ Glittering Generalities A ad that is very positive and that uses vague wording  to catch the largest number of people’s attention 48.​ Bandwagon Others are voting for them, so you should too. 49.​ Contrast Putting positive images about a candidate while at the same time putting negative images about their oppenent Checks and Balances, Federalism, The Branches Powers 50.​What is the purpose of federalism? For majority of the power to be held by the federal government, allowing for unity and stability of the nation. Counters a weak national army and weak bonds between states. 51.​Power in federal system Mostly in the national government 52.​Branches of Government Judicial Branch, interprets laws for alignment with the constitution, Legislative branch, creates laws, and Executive branch, enforces laws. 53.​Federal, State and Local levels 54.​How does the branches check each other? ​ Legislative to Executive: Reject appointments, withhold funding, impeach President and override veto with ⅔ vote ​ Legislative to Judicial: Propose new amendments to override previous decisions, and impeach supreme court Justices ​ Executive to Legislative: Adjourn(End) Congressional meetings, and can veto passed laws ​ Executive to Judicial: Appoint supreme court justices ​ Judicial to Legislative: Judicial Review: May deem passed legislature unconstitutional ​ Judicial to Executive: Judicial Review 55.​Who is the: a.​ Legislative Branch:Congress b.​ Executive Branch: President, vice president, cabinet members and other staff. c.​ Judicial Branch: Supreme court 56.​Who has power in a representative democracy The people 57.​Powers of Judicial Branch Can review lower courts’ decisions, decide constitutionality of laws and executive actions, and decide cases between states. 58.​Powers of Legislative Branch Passes laws, control federal appropriations, approves treaties and appointments, regulates commerce, establishes lower court system 59.​Powers of Executive Branch Enforces laws, commander of chief of army, makes treaties, proposes laws, appoints court justices, can pardon federal  criminals. Articles of Confederation - Conflicts and Compromises 60.​Shays’ Rebellion Lead by Shays, farmers who had been soldiers in the war were not being paid for their work and because of the losses of their farm, they were in heavy debt 61.​Framework for our government Constitution 62.​Purpose of Constitutional Government A constitution will build barriers on the power of the government and also establish rights of the citizens. 63.​Philadelphia Convention/ Constitutional Convention Revise the articles of confederation. Shays’ rebellion played a major role in the meeting of this convention as everyone realized that having a weak national government will only lead to chaos. 64.​Articles of Confederation The first supreme law of U.S.. State governments held the majority of power. 65.​Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Arguments a.​ Bill of Rights: Federalists believed that the Bill of Rights was unnecessary. Anti-Federalists wanted the Bill of Rights to protect the individual rights b.​ Powers of National Government: Majority of power with the national government would allow it to keep stability. Anti-fedralists said it would cause tyranny. c.​ Specific powers of National Government: Coining money, declaring war, regulate trade with foreign countries. Also immigration and post offices. 66.​Virginia Plan Number of representatives based on population 67.​The Great Compromise/Connecticut Plan Bicameral, one in support of each plan. 68.​New Jersey Plan Every states get equal representation 69.​Issues in the North v. South debate: a.​ Slavery: North opposed its expansion while the South had supported it as it was a major factor in their economy. b.​ Economic Differences: Favored tariffs as their economy benefited but the South opposed it as it hurt theirs. 70.​Biggest argument that the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists had Ratification of the constitution 71.​Problems of The Articles of Confederation Does not allow for the federal government to have any authority over state governments. No power to tax and 13 states have to vote in favor to change.  72.​What level of government are the following people: President, Senator, Governor, and Mayor? Federal, State, Local, City. 73.​What level of government handles the following powers:creation of post offices, punish lawbreakers, print money, regulate traffic laws, maintain schools, declare war, collect taxes, regulate gambling, borrow money, trade with foreign nations, declare a law unconstitutional ? Amendments and Bill of Rights 74.​‘pleads the 5th’, Refusing to talk with the fear of self incrimination 75.​Bill of Rights and sentencing 76.​self incrimination Saying something that can be used against you in court 77.​double jeopardy Being tried for the EXACT same crime 78.​Petition a formal request to the government regarding a decision they want made 79.​Press Anyone can write about anything, even things that can incriminate government 80.​Assembly People can meet wherever and whenever they wish 81.​search warrant A formal paper given by a judge stating that law enforcement can search a person’s property for a certain item. 82.​Limits on the right to assembly If the purpose of assembly can cause harm to anyone and is committing crimes. 83.​eminent domain The government can take your private property 84.​due process the steps the government has to follow to sentence someone for a crime 85.​The Free Exercise Clause People have the right to practice any religion they wish as they wish without government restriction 86.​Limits of the Free Exercise Clause Breaking the law 87.​unreasonable searches and seizures. Searching someone or their property and taking something forcefully without probable cause 88.​right to bear arms. People have the right to own and possess a gun 89.​protection of the accused against excessive fines, bail and cruel and unusual punishments. Bail and fines must match the crime. People may not be given a death sentence or a long time to spend in prison for minor crimes. 90.​Freedom of Expression People can say whatever they like 91.​Appellate Court The court that deals with appeals 92.​Marbury vs. Madison The judicial branch has the power to deem an action unconstitutional 93.​ Reasons for appeal: Bad lawyer, unfair jury/judge, did not follow due process.  94.​ Lemon test: Primary purpose must be secular, can not promote or inhibit any religion, and no excessive entanglement between religion and government 95.​ Establishment Clause: Government can not establish a national religion 96.​ Coercion bill: Government can not force people to participate in a certain religious practice 97.​ 5th Amendment vs. 6th Amendment: The 5th Amendment focuses on protection from government abuse before and during legal proceedings. The 6th Amendment focuses on ensuring a fair trial for the accused. How a bill becomes a Law 98.​Bill to Law Process: Why do most bills not become laws? Without enough support behind the bill, the bill will most likely die 99.​Flowchart 100.​ Differences between the House and Senate House does not have a filibuster and it is representative of population 101.​ Committees A group of experts chosen to debate over a certain bill on if it should even be presented to congress 102.​ Committee Process 103.​ Term Limits:  a.​ President: 4 years, 2 terms b.​ House of Representatives:6 years c.​ Senate: 2 years d.​ Supreme Court Justice: For life Current Government Officials 88. Donald Trump President 89. J.D. Vance Vice President 90. Phil Murphy New Jersey governer 91. Andy Kim 92. Corey Booker 93. Bonnie Watson Coleman 94. John Roberts 95. Charley Carley