Modern Academy Governance and Business Ethics Revision PDF

Modern Academy for Computer Science and Management Technology Governance and Business Ethics Final Revision DR. Mona Wagih Assistant: Fatma Moheb First: True or False Statement 1. Managers are responsible for ensuring the ethical conduct of employees under their supervision. (T)...

Modern Academy for Computer Science and Management Technology Governance and Business Ethics Final Revision DR. Mona Wagih Assistant: Fatma Moheb First: True or False Statement 1. Managers are responsible for ensuring the ethical conduct of employees under their supervision. (T) 2. Managers haven't duty to respond to suspected ethical violations. (F) have duty 3. Managers are responsible for creating & implementing changes to ethical codes. (T) 4. Managers' fiduciary duties are an example of ethical responsibility. (T) 5. Managers should act based on a single principle of behavior only. (F) not only 6. Managers must establish ethical marketing and reporting to overcome temptations. (T) 7. Managers should use all five systems to evaluate multiple dimensions of decisions. (T) 8. Morality refers only to social norms that guide behavior. (F) and values 9. Morality refers to standards by which people are judged in relationships. (T) 10. Morality and ethics are identical concepts. (F) different 11. Philosophy studies only behavioral standards. (F) Also thought and conduct 12. Philosophical analysis relies on logical reasoning. (T) 13. Ethics is a systematic critical analysis of morality. (T) 14. Ethical systems are universally applicable across all cultures. (F) not universally 15. Eternal Law is interpreted by religious leaders or humanist philosophers. (T) 16. Utilitarianism applies moral standards only to the outcome of actions. (T) 17. The principle of Utilitarianism aims for the greatest benefit for the smallest number of people. (F) largest 18. Companies focusing only on profits ensure long-term viability. (F) don't ensure 19. Ethical profitability involves balancing profits and ethics. (T) 20. Long-term profitability is linked with ethical conduct. (T) 21. Ethics at work and personal life are independent of each other. (F) dependent 22. Ethics has specific working hours in the office. (F) no hours 23. Caring for others and honesty are components of ethical awareness. (T) 24. Stretching ethical behavior in revenue generation is a universal temptation. (T) 25. Outright lies about revenue never affect stock price. (F) affect 26. A high level of trust within a company reduces uncertainty and risk. (T) 27. Trust among team members improves flexibility and creativity. (T) 28. Compliance programs only have legal benefits. (F) ethical 29. Formal compliance programs reduce corporate risks associated with poor ethics. (T) 30. Fisheries ethics only deal with human interests ignoring ecosystem well- being. (F) include 31. Fisheries only relate to providing food and have no connection to livelihood. (F) include 32. Human interests include material well-being and access to fishing resources. (T) 33. Moral reasoning always relates to the basic interests of humans and the value of the environment. (T) 34. Ethics refers to the moral principles that govern behavior or activities. (T) 35. Synonyms for ethics include conscience, moral code, and principles. (T) 36. Ethics prescribes what humans ought to do based on fairness and virtues. (T) 37. The Oxford Dictionary defines ethics as a natural science. (F) not 38. Ethics is a creation of human societies to regulate behavior. (T) 39. Ethics does not distinguish between right and wrong. (F) distinguishes 40. Collins Thesaurus lists "rules of conduct" as a synonym for ethics. (T) 41. Ethics apply only to individuals, not organizations. (F) and 42. Ethics is a set of well-founded standards of right and wrong. (T) 43. Ethical theories are based on previously explained ethical principles. (T) 44. Ethical theories emphasize the same aspects of every ethical dilemma. (F) different 45. Ethical theories provide guidelines for the most ethically correct resolution. (T) 46. People base their choice of ethical theory only on laws. (F) life experiences 47. Deontology states that people should adhere to obligations and duties in ethical dilemmas. (T) 48. Deontologists believe upholding one's duty is ethically correct. (T) 49. A deontologist will prioritize personal preferences over obligations. (F) not prioritize 50. Deontology supports keeping promises and following laws. (T) 51. Decisions based on deontology are usually consistent. (T) 52. Deontological ethics are based on individual obligations and duties. (T) Second: Essay Questions: 1-What are organizational ethics? Answer: Organizational ethics refer to the principles and values that an organization embodies in its dealings with employees and other entities, whether governmental or non-governmental. Organizational ethics are shaped by the organization’s culture and are a combination of organizational behavior and business ethics. They aim to achieve corporate governance and ensure compliance with laws and regulatory standards 2-What are the key characteristics of moral problems in management? Answer: 1. Most ethical decisions have extended consequences. 2. Most ethical decisions have multiple alternatives. 3. Most ethical decisions have mixed outcomes. 4. Most ethical decisions have uncertain consequences. 5. Most ethical decisions have personal implications. 3-What is the difference between morality and ethics? Answer: Morality refers to the standards of behavior by which individuals are judged, particularly in their interactions with others. It is based on societal norms and values that dictate what is considered right or wrong. Ethics, on the other hand, encompasses systems of beliefs that support a particular view of morality, often structured through philosophical principles or professional guidelines. 4-What are the three main categories of basic human interests mentioned in moral analysis? Answer: The three main categories of basic human interests mentioned in moral analysis are: 1. Welfare: People need basic goods to survive and care for their offspring. 2. Freedom: People seek to regulate their own affairs and realize their life plans in accordance with their own or culturally defined values. 3. Justice: People need to find ways to share social benefits and burdens and facilitate peaceful coexistence. 5-What is the origin of the term 'ethics' and what does it mean? Answer: The term "ethics" is derived from the Greek word "ethos," which refers to character, customs, or accepted behaviors. Ethics is defined as the moral principle that governs a person's behavior or how an activity is conducted. 6-What are the key traits a person must have to be an ethical leader? Answer: According to the text, being an ethical leader involves being a moral person and a moral manager. Key traits include integrity, honesty, trustworthiness, adherence to an ethical code of conduct, and the ability to reason well in ethical decision-making, especially in difficult circumstances. 7-How can a manager practice ethical leadership in an organization? Answer: As the text states, ethical leadership involves being a role model for others, providing rewards and discipline around ethical and unethical decisions, and openly and frequently communicating about ethics and values. It also includes ensuring decisions are made with concern for society and the welfare of others. 8-What is the main principle of utilitarianism in ethical decision-making? Answer: According to the text, utilitarianism involves reasoning through a moral conflict by focusing on the greatest good for the greatest number. It assesses the harms and benefits of a decision for all affected parties, giving weight to the collective good over individual interests, unless the harm to the individual is severe or fatal. 9-How does the principle of justice guide managers in ethical decision-making? Answer: As mentioned in the text, the principle of justice emphasizes fairness, equity, and impartiality. It involves making decisions behind a "veil of ignorance," where decision-makers do not know their position in the system after the decision is made. This ensures fairness for all affected parties. Additionally, Kant’s concept of the categorical imperative suggests that actions should be acceptable if anyone in a similar situation acted the same way. 10-What is the main idea behind the ethic of care in ethical decision-making? Answer: The ethic of care emphasizes the importance of relationships in ethical decision- making. It suggests that moral responsibilities vary based on how closely one is connected to others. For example, more moral consideration may be given to the well-being of a family member or a long-term employee who is tightly connected to the organization, compared to an unrelated individual or a newly hired employee.