CSU010: Genetics and Molecular Biology Lecture 2: Cell Division PDF

CSU010: Genetics and Molecular Biology L E C T UR E 2: C E L L D I VI S I ON VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 1 Prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 2 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes PROKARYOTES...

CSU010: Genetics and Molecular Biology L E C T UR E 2: C E L L D I VI S I ON VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 1 Prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 2 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES Archaebacteria and eubacteria Protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals Unicellular only Unicellular and multicellular Size: 1-2 μm Size: larger than 5 μm No membrane bound organelles Membrane bound organelles present Undefined and membrane-less nucleus – Defined and membrane bound nucleus; nucleoid; no nucleolus nucleolus present DNA: small, circular, no histones DNA: large, linear, segmented, with histones Movement: with flagella Movement: with microtubules Division: binary fission Division: mitosis and meiosis VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 3 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES Transcription in the nucleus and translation in Transcription and translation occurs endoplasmic reticulum, not simultaneous simultaneously in the cytoplasm Mostly monocistronic transcription Polycistronic transcription RNA splicing present No RNA splicing Post-translational modifications present No post-translational modifications Mostly glycolysis and/or photosynthesis Wide variety of metabolic pathways present Can survive only in limited environmental Able to survive in diverse environmental conditions conditions VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 4 Cell cycle VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 5  Mitosis VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 6  Meiosis I VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 7  Meiosis II VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 8  Crossing over VIHANG GHALSASI CSU010 9