Glucose Metabolism Questions PDF

Certainly! Here are the answers to the study questions based on the provided text: 1. **Describe the primary sources of carbohydrates in the diet and their breakdown process in the gastrointestinal tract.** - 2. **Explain the role of salivary alpha-amylase in carbohydrate digesti...

Certainly! Here are the answers to the study questions based on the provided text: 1. **Describe the primary sources of carbohydrates in the diet and their breakdown process in the gastrointestinal tract.** - 2. **Explain the role of salivary alpha-amylase in carbohydrate digestion and how its action is affected by gastric hydrochloric acid.** - 3. **What is the function of pancreatic alpha-amylase, and what products are produced as a result of its activity?** - 4. **Discuss the role of brush border enzymes in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and provide an example of a disorder related to their deficiency.** - 5. **Define lactose intolerance and explain its causes and symptoms. How can it be managed or treated?** - 6. **Describe the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, including the types of transporters involved and their functions.** - 7. **Explain the process of glucose absorption from the intestinal lumen into intestinal cells, detailing the role of sodium and energy utilization.** - 8. **Compare and contrast the transport mechanisms involved in glucose absorption into intestinal cells and its release into the bloodstream.** - 9. **Discuss the clinical importance of glucose and the role of different glucose transporters in various tissues of the body.** - 10. **Explain the significance of glycolysis, including its site of reactions, its importance in energy production, and its relationship to other metabolic pathways.** - 11. **Describe the steps involved in glycolysis, including key enzymes and their regulatory roles.** - 12. **Discuss the fate of glucose-6-phosphate and the significance of its phosphorylation.** - 13. **Explain the irreversible steps of glycolysis and how they are regulated.** - 14. **Describe the reversible and irreversible reactions involved in the splitting phase of glycolysis.** - 15. **Explain the significance of glycolysis in providing carbon skeletons for the synthesis of non-essential amino acids and fats.** - Sure, here are some multiple-choice questions based on the text: 1. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the initial breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth? a\) Sucrase b\) Pancreatic alpha-amylase c\) Salivary alpha-amylase d\) Maltase 2. What is the primary cause of lactose intolerance? a\) Deficiency of sucrase b\) Deficiency of lactase c\) Excessive production of lactase d\) Deficiency of maltase 3. Which transporter is responsible for the absorption of glucose from the intestinal lumen into intestinal cells? a\) GluT1 b) GluT2 c) GluT3 d) SGluT-1 4. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of GluT2 transporter? a\) Present in liver cells b\) Under the control of insulin c\) Facilitates glucose uptake in the liver d\) Acts as a glucose sensor in beta cells 5. What is the primary function of GluT4 transporter? a\) Absorption of glucose from the intestinal lumen b\) Release of glucose into the bloodstream c\) Insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue d\) Transport of fructose into the small intestine 6. In which step of glycolysis is glucose phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate? a\) Step 1 b) Step 2 c) Step 3 d) Step 4 7. Which enzyme catalyzes the irreversible step of glucose phosphorylation in glycolysis? a\) Hexokinase b) Glucokinase c) Phosphohexose isomerase d) Phosphofructokinase 8. What is the net result of the splitting phase in glycolysis? a\) Conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose1,6-bisphosphate b) Cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon units c) Isomerization of dihydroxy acetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d) Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate 9. Which of the following is NOT a property of GluT5 transporter? a\) Present in the small intestine b) Acts as a fructose transporter c) Poor ability to transport glucose d) Present in liver cells 10. What is the significance of glycolysis in muscle tissue during strenuous exercise? a\) It produces lactate as a byproduct b) It forms the major source of energy c) It releases glucose into the bloodstream d) It promotes gluconeogenesis Answers: 1. c\) Salivary alpha-amylase 2. b\) Deficiency of lactase 3. d\) SGluT-1 4. b\) Under the control of insulin 5. c\) Insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue 6. a\) Step 1 7. a\) Hexokinase 8. b\) Cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon units 9. d\) Present in liver cells 10. b\) It forms the major source of energy