Indian Polity and Governance PDF 2022

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Join− https://t.me/thehindu000  INDEX © Publisher Edition - Sixth Edition Year - 2022 Writer - SSGC M.R.P.: 300/- ISBN : 978-93-90927-74-6 Indian Polity and Governance (4th in 8 Part Series) Printed at - Core Publishing Solution Chapter Page No. Chapter Page No. Contact : 1. The Constitutional D9-D26 20. The Parliament (4) D231-D241 Development of India Sam-Samayik 21. The Supreme Court D241-D259 Ghatna Chakra 2. Constituent Assembly and D27-D33 188A/128, Allenganj, Making of the Constitution 22. The Governor D259-D267 Churchlane, Prayagraj (Allahabad) - 211002 3. Articles of the D33-D53 23. The State Legislature D268-D278 Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 Ph.: 0532-2465524, 2465525 Constitution 24. The High Court D278-D287 Mob.: 9335140296 4. The Preamble D53-D61 e-mail : [email protected] 25. The Centre-State D287-D295 Website : ssgcp.com 5. The Governance System D61-D73 Relations e-shop : shop.ssgcp.com 6. National Symbols D73-D75 26. Emergency Provisions D295-D301 Copyright 2021, by Sam- 27. The Finance D301-D306 7. State and the Union D75-D84 Samayik Ghatna Chakra Territories Commission Private Limited. No Part of this publication may be reproduces 28. The Planning D306-D311 8. The Citizenship D84-D87 or distributed in any form or by Commission/Niti Aayog any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, 9. Fundamental Rights D87-D113 29. Lokpal and Important D311-D324 recording or otherwise or stored in database or retrieval 10. Directive Principles of D113-D123 Commissions system without the prior State Policy written permission of 30. Temporary Special D324-D326 publisher. The program listings 11. Fundamental Duties D123-D129 Provisions (if any) may be entered stored and exeuted in a computer 12. The President D129-D150 31. Election Commission D326-D335 system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. 13. The Vice-President D150-D153 32. Political Parties D336-D344 14. The Council of Ministers D153-D166 33. Constitutional D345-D356 Writer & Associates : Amendments l Rahul Yadav 15. The Attorney General D166-D174 l Dr. Vivek K. Tripathi and the C.A.G. 34. Official Language D356-D360 l Risabh Srivastava 35. Panchayati Raj and D360-D389 16. Order of Precedence D174-D175 l Anubhav Upadhaya Community Development l Yogesh Pratap Singh 17. The Parliament (1) D175-D191 36. Special Provison for D389-D395 l Ashok Kumar Pal 18. The Parliament (2) D192-D200 Certain Classes l Vicky Raj 19. The Parliament (3) D201-D231 37. Miscellaneous D396-D424 D–2 Indian Polity and Governance  PREFACE The book in hand titled "PREVIEW" is the English version of “ iwokZoyksdu ”. “ iwokZoyksdu ” has proved to be one of the most useful book series for Central and State Civil Services Examinations for the last 20 years. It has carved a special place for itself among fgUnh Medium students for it’s authenticity and style of presentation. The English edition of “ iwokZoyksdu ” has been prepared keeping in view the Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 requirements of the English medium students. The changes in the examination pattern have been kept in focus. Its contents are thoroughly updated and authenticated with a team of experts. The treatise has been enriched by incorporation of maximum number of questions of different examinations and their authentic explanations. After the inclusion of CSAT as a compulsory part of civil services examinations by Union and State Public Services Commissions, the objective type questions have been compiled chapter-wise according to CSAT syllabus. In this edition, questions related to states, nations and the world have been compiled together. However, Current Events, History, Geography, Economics, Environment, Science and State Based Questions find a place in a separate section. Thus, all the questions have been compiled in 8 sections, 7 of them are according to central civil services examination (IAS) and the 8th section caters to State based questions. We hope that the book will fulfill the needs of English medium students. We have tried our best to present our highly esteemed and beloved readers an authentic and upto date book on General Studies. Any discrepancy brought to our notice will be taken care of in forth coming Editions. Suggestions for improvement are welcome. May this book enjoy success unprecedented!! Indian Polity and Governance D–3  Question Paper Analysis 225 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) based question papers of General Studies of Union and State Public Service Commission preliminary and mains are integrated in this release. Detailed list of 225 question papers are as follows: No. of Ques. IAS Pre exam 2011-2021 100 × 11 1100 IAS Pre exam 1993-2010 150 × 18 2700 UP PCS Pre exam 1998-2021 150 × 25 3700 UP PCS Pre exam 1990-1997 120 × 8 960 UP PCS Mains exam 2002-2003 150 × 2 300 UP PCS Mains exam (including special exams) 2004-2017 150 × 31 4650 UP PSCGIC exam 2010 and 2017 150 × 3 450 UP (UDA/LDA) Pre exam 2001-2006 150 × 3 450 UP (RO/ARO) Pre exam (General and Special exam) 2010-2018, 2021 140 × 8 1120 UP (UDA/LDA) Mains exam (General and Special exam) 2010-2014 120 × 5 600 UP Lower Subordinate Pre exam (General and Special exam) 1998-2009 100 × 11 1100 UP Lower Subordinate Pre exam (General and Special exam) 2013-2015 150 × 2 300 Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 UP Lower Subordinate Mains exam (General and Special exam) 2013, 2015, 2016 120 × 3 360 UPPCS (RI) Pre Exam 2014 100 × 1 100 UP BEO Pre Exam 2019 120 × 1 120 Uttarakhand PCS Pre exam 2002-2016 150 × 7 1050 Uttarakhand (UDA/LDA) Pre exam 2007 150 × 1 150 Uttarakhand PCS Mains exam 2002 & 2006 150 × 2 300 Uttarakhand (UDA/LDA) Mains exam 2007 100 × 1 100 Uttarakhand Lower Subordinate Pre exam 2010 150 × 1 150 Madhya Pradesh PCS Pre exam 1990-2006 75 × 15 1125 Madhya Pradesh PCS Pre exam 2010 150 × 2 300 Madhya Pradesh PCS Pre exam 2012-2020 100 × 9 900 Chhattisgarh PCS Pre exam 2003-2005 75 × 2 150 Chhattisgarh PCS Pre exam 2008 & 2013 -2020 100 × 9 900 Chhattisgarh PCS Pre exam 2011 150 × 1 150 Rajasthan PCS Pre exam 1992 120 × 1 120 Rajasthan PCS Pre exam 1993-2012 100 × 11 1100 Rajasthan PCS Pre exam 2013, 2018 & 2021 150 × 5 750 Bihar PCS Pre exam 1992-2020 150 × 19 2850 Jharkhand PCS Pre exam 2003-2011 100 × 2 200 Jharkhand PCS Pre exam 2013, 2016 & 2021 100 × 5 500 225 28805 After exclusion of repeated questions from above questions of 225 papers around 28800 questions have been categorized as following: ü Current Affairs ü History of India and Indian National Movement ü Indian and World Geography ü Indian Polity and Governance ü Economic and Social Development ü General issues on Environmental Ecology ü General Science ü State Related Question In this sixth edition of PREVIEW ( iwokZoyksdu ) series, we are presenting Indian Polity and Governance in 4th section. As per the new revised format, 2524 questions have been collected from 225 question papers of Union and States Civil Service Examinations. After elimination of 295 repetitive questions, 2229 questions have been included in this section. Repeated questions were given below the original questions so that our aspirants can analyze the trend of repetitive questions. Indian Polity and Governance D–7  Indian Polity and Governance The Constitutional Development of 1813 for the first time made provision of 1 Lakh rupee per year to be spent on the education of Indians. It ended the of India company's monopoly over trade although the monopoly over trade of tea & trade with China continued. *Charter act of 1833 made the Governor General of Bengal as the Governor General of India and vested in him all civil and military powers. *Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor General of India. *It ended the activities of East India Company as a commercial body, which became purely an administrative body. *A legal member (fourth member) Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 Acts Passed for the British East India was included in the executive council of Governor General. Company Rule (1773-1853) *Macaulay was the first legal member. Regulating Act of 1773 designated the governor of Bengal, *Charter Act of 1853 separated for the first time the legislative Warren Hastings, to Governor General of Bengal and subsumed and executive functions of the Governor Generals council. *It the Presidencies of Madras and Bombay under Bengal's established a separate Indian (Central) legislative council for control. *Governor General was provided with an executive law making. *It introduced an open competition system for council of four to assist him in Military and Non - Military selection and recruitment of Civil Servants. decisions which would be taken by the majority of the council. Acts Passed under the British Crown *Governor General could vote only in case of tie. *A Supreme (1858-1947) Court which had a Chief Justice and three other Judges was *The British Crown decided to assume sovereignty over India established at Fort William in Calcutta in the year 1774 by from the East India Company by the Government of India Act this Act. This act Prohibited the Servants of the company from 1858. *The name of the post of Governor General was renamed engaging in private trade or accepting gifts and bribes from as the 'Viceroy' of India. He became the direct representative the Indians. *British Government strengthened the control of the British Crown. *Lord Canning became the first Viceroy over the company through the Court of Directors (Governing of India. *Board of Control and Court of Director’s came to body of Company) to report on its revenue, civil and military an end. A new post of Secretary of State of India was created. affairs in India. *He was assisted by a council of 15 members. He received the *Pitts India Act 1784 distinguished between the commercial powers so long enjoyed by the court of Directors and Board of and political functions of the company. *Board of Control Control. *The council of India was to be advisory in nature, in was created for political matters and the Court of Directors most cases the initiatives and the final decision remained with controlled the commercial affairs. *Board of Control was the Secretary of State for India. Indian Council Act 1861, comprised of 6 people. initiated the participation of the Indian representatives in law *Act of 1786 provided that Governor General could overrule making process. *The act restored the legislative powers of his council in matters of importance affecting the safety, making and amending laws to the provinces of Madras and peace or interest of the Empire in India. *Governor General Bombay and thus initiating the process of decentralization.*The was granted the powers of Commander-in-Chief. *Lord Act empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances in case of Cornwallis was the first Governor General to enjoy these emergency which were not to remain in force for more than powers. *Charter Act of 1793 further extended the commercial six months. Indian Council Act 1892, increased the number monopoly of the company for another 20 years. *Charter Act of non-official members both in the Central and Provincial D–9 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  Legislative councils but maintained the official majority in nation on 15 August 1947. *It abolished the office of Viceroy them. *The Indian members were granted the right to ask and a Governor General was appointed for each dominion. *It questions and discuss the budget in the legislative council. dropped the title of 'Emperor of India' from the royal titles of *This Act introduced the principle of election, though the word the King of England. 'election' was very carefully avoided in it. Indian Council Act 1909 is also known by the name of Morley-Minto Reforms. *It 1. Which Act of British Parliament abolished the East provided (for the first time) for the association of Indians with India Company monopoly over trade in India? the executive councils of Viceroy & Governors. Satyendra (a) Regulating Act (b) Pitt's India Act Prasad Sinha became the first Indian to join the Viceroy's (c) Charter Act of 1813 (d) None of the above Executive council. He was appointed as a law member. *The Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016 functions and size of legislatures both at the centre and in the provinces was enlarged. The members of council were given Ans. (c) the right of discussion and asking Supplementary questions. The Charter Act of 1813 deprived the company of its monop- The act provided separate electorates for Muslims. Hence Lord oly over trade with India but it still enjoyed its monopoly of Minto came to be known as father of communal electorate. trade with china and the trade in tea. Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 Government of India Act 1919 is known by the name of 2. By which of the following Act, Legislative Council of ‘Montagu Chelmsford Reforms. *This act, for the first time, India received the power to discuss the budget? adopted Direct Election system. *Principle of communal (a) Indian Council Act, 1861 representation was extended by providing separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Europeans and Anglo - Indians. (b) Indian Council Act, 1892 It introduced Bicameralism at Central level. *It separated (c) Indian Council Act, 1909 various subjects, as the Central and provincial subjects. (d) Indian Council Act, 1919 Bicameral Central Legislative could make law for the whole U.P. P.C.S (Pre) 2003 of British India. *It introduced dyarchy in the provinces. Ans. (b) *Provincial subjects were further divided into two parts- transferred and reserved. For the first time, the term, responsible The Indian Council Act, 1892 increased the functioning Government was used. *Under this act, a commission was to of the Legislative Councils. The councils were given the be constituted after 10 years which will review the working of power of discussing the Budget and addressing questions this act and present its report. In November 1927 (i.e. 2 years to the executive. before the schedule), the British Government announced the 3. In which of the following Acts, the provision was made appointment of a seven member statutory commission under the for the establishment of Supreme Court at Calcutta? chairmanship of Simon to report on the condition of India under (a) Regulating Act, 1773 (b) Pitt’s India Act, 1784 its new constitution. The commission was hence called Simon commission. *Government of India Act 1935 provided for (c) Charter Act, 1813 (d) Charter Act, 1833 the establishment of an All India Federation consisting of U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 provinces and Princely states as units. *It introduced dyarchy Ans. (a) at centre and abolished the same in the provinces. *It provided The provision for the establishment of Supreme Court at for the establishment of a Reserve Bank of India to control Fort William, Calcutta was made in the Regulating Act, the currency and credit of the country. *Principle of Communal 1773. Sir Elijah Impey was the first Chief Justice of this representation was further extended by providing the separate Supreme Court. electorates for Scheduled Castes, women and labours. *A Federal Court was set up in 1937 through this act. *This act 4. With reference to the establishment of Supreme separated Burma from the British India and the establishment Court, which of the statement is/are correct? of two new provinces-Sindh and Orrisa. *It introduced 1. Supreme Court at Calcutta was established by bicameralism in 6 out of 11 provinces. India Independence the Regulating Act of 1773. Act 1947 declared India to be an Independent and Sovereign 2. Lemaister was the first Chief Justice of this Court. D–10 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  Select the correct answer using codes given below. Code : Codes : A B C D (a) 1 only (a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 only (b) 2 1 3 4 (c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1 2 4 3 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) 2 4 1 3 U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016 Ans. (a) U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2003 See the explanation of above question. Ans. (b) 5. By which one of the following Acts was the Federal The matched pairs are as follows : Court in India created? Regulating Act, 1773 – Establishment of Supreme Court (a) Indian Council Act, 1861 Pitt’s India Act, 1784 – Establishment of Board of Control (b) Government of India Act, 1909 Charter Act, 1813 – Permission to English Missionaries Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 (c) Government of India Act, 1919 to work in India (d) None of the above Charter Act, 1833 – Appointment of Law Member in U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014 Governor General Council. Ans. (d) 8. In the context of Indian history, the principle of The Federal Court in India was established by the 'Dyarchy (diarchy)' refers to Government of India Act, 1935 on 1st October, 1937. Sir (a) Division of the central legislature into two houses. Maurice Gwyer was its first Chief Justice. Hence, option (d) (b) Introduction of double government i.e., Central and is the correct answer. State Governments. 6. The Federal Court of India was established in which (c) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another of the following year? in Delhi. (a) 1935 (b) 1937 (d) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces (c) 1946 (d) 1947 into two categories. U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015 I.A.S. (Pre) 2017 Ans. (b) Ans. (d) See the explanation of above question. Dyarchy has been derived from the Greek word 'di-arche' which means double rule. In the context of Indian history, 7. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer the principle of Dyarchy refers to the division of legislation from the code given below the lists : subjects into central and provincial categories. The provincial List- I List- II subjects were further divided into 'reserved' and 'transferred' A. Establishment of 1. Regulating Act, 1773 categories. Comparatively important subjects (reserved Board of Control subjects) such as police, jail, justice, finance and irrigation B. Establishment of 2. Pitt’s India Act, 1784 were to be administered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the legislative council. Supreme Court Subject of lesser importance (transferred subjects) such as C. Permission to English 3. Charter Act, 1813 education, agriculture, local self government etc. were to Missionaries to work be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers in India responsible to the legislative council. D. Appointment of Law 4. Charter Act, 1833 9. Under which of the following Acts, Dyarchy was Member in Governor- introduced at Central level? General Council (a) Act of 1909 D–11 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  (b) Government of India Act, 1919 The Indian Councils Act, 1909 introduced separate (c) Government of India Act, 1935 electorate for Muslim community and thus sowed the seeds of separatism that eventually led to the partition of the (d) Indian Independence Act, 1947 country. U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2008 12. Which of the following is/are the principal feature(s) Ans. (c) of the Government of India Act, 1919? The salient features of the Government of India Act, 1935 1. The introduction of dyarchy in the executive were – Government of the provinces. (i) Dyarchy was introduced at the Central level instead of provinces as envisaged in the Government of India Act, 2. The introduction of separate communal electorates 1919. for Muslims. (ii) The Government of India Act, 1935 proposed to set 3. Devolution of legislative authority by the centre to up All India Federation comprising of the British India the provinces. Provinces and the Princely States. (iii) The supremacy of British Parliament remained intact Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 under the Government of India Act, 1935. (a) only 1 (b) 2 and 3 only (iv) Burma was separated from India with effect from April, (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 1937. (v) The Government of India Act, 1935 abolished the I.A.S. (Pre) 2012 Council of the Secretary of State for India, which was Ans. (c) created in 1858. The Government of India Act, 1919 was passed by the British (vi) The Federal Court of India was established on 1 Parliament. The Act embodied the reforms recommended in October, 1937, Sir Maurice Gwyer was its first Chief the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, Justice. and the Viceroy Lord Chelmsford. This Act provided for (vii) The Central Federal Bank was established under this the introduction of a dual form of Government at provinces Act which was later known as the Reserve Bank of India known as Dyarchy. The Subjects of administration were (RBI). divided into two categories - Reserved and Transferred. 10. Which of the following Acts set up Dyarchy System at As far as the question of a separate electoral system for the central level? Muslims is concerned, the provision had already been made (a) Government of India Act, 1935 by the Act of 1909. The Government of India Act, 1919 continued this provision and also extended it for Sikhs, (b) Government of India Act, 1919 Europeans, Indian-Christians, and Anglo-Indians. (c) Indian Councils Act, 1909 (d) Indian Councils Act, 1892 13. Consider the following statements: U.P.P.S.C. (R.I.) 2014 1. The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 Ans. (a) recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age of 21. See the explanation of above question. 2. The Government of India Act of 1935 gave women 11. The Act of 1909 was associated with reserved seats in legislature. (a) introduction of separate electorate Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (b) decentralization (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) dyarchy (d) legislative councils (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 I.A.S. (Pre) 2021 Ans. (a) Ans. (b) D–12 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  In 1918, when Britain granted limited suffrage to women M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017 property holders, the law did not apply to British citizens in Ans. (c) other parts of the Empire. The Principle of Constitutional Autocracy was introduced Despite the All India Women's Deputation led by Sarojini by the Government of India Act, 1935. This Act vested the Naidu to Edwin Samuel Montague, then Secretary of State, executive authority of Provinces in the Governors and of India women's demands were ignored in the Montagu- centre in the Governor-General on the behalf of the Crown. Chelmsford Reforms. Though they were not granted voting rights, nor the right to stand in elections, the Government 16. The Indian Legislature was made bicameral for the of India Act 1919 allowed Provincial Councils to determine first time by if women could vote, provided they met stringent property, (a) Indian Council Act of 1892 income, or educational levels. Hence statement 1 is not (b) Indian Council Act of 1909 correct. (c) The Government of India Act of 1919 Statement 2 is correct as the Government of India Act, 1935 extended the principle of communal representation (d) The Government of India Act of 1935 by providing separate electorates for depressed classes U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008 (scheduled castes), women and labourers (workers). Ans. (c) Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 14. With reference to Indian Civil Services, which of the The Government of India Act, 1919, made Indian Legislature following statement/s is/are correct? bicameral for the first time. It was to consist of an Upper 1. Government of India Act, 1919 provided for a House named the Council of state and a Lower House named separate examination for the Indian Civil Service, the Legislative Assembly. Council of State was composed which was to be held in India. of 60 members of whom maximum 20 members could be official in accordance with section 18 of the Government 2. In the Indian Civil Service in 1941, the percentage of India Act, 1919. The lower house was called the Central of Indians was more as compared to the Europeans. Legislative Assembly and under section 19 of this Act, it Select the correct answer using the code given below: originally provided for 140 members with 100 elected and Code: 40 nominated. It is noteworthy that under the Rules made (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 for the implementation of the 1919 Act, provision was (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 made for 60 members with 33 elected and 27 nominated in U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021 the Council of State, while the number of members of the Ans. (c) Central Legislative Assembly was increased first to 143 (102 elected & 41 nominated) and then to 145 (104 elected and Both statement is correct. following Lord Macaulay's Report of the select committee of British parliament, the concept of 41 nominated). It is notable that one member in each house merit based civil services in India was introduced in 1854. For was elected from Berar out of the nominated members. Due this purpose, civil services commission was set up in London to member from Berar being nominated as the result of an and competitive examinations started in 1885. Government election held in Berar, it has been included in the number of of India Act, 1919, provided for a separate examination for elected members in many mentions. the Indian Civil Service, which was to be held in India (first 17. Which of the following Acts introduced a bicameral in Allahabad and later in Delhi). In 1941, in Indian Civil service, the percentage of Indians was more as compared to legislature at the Centre? the Europeans. (a) 1961 Act (b) 1917 Act (c) 1919 Act (d) 1915 Act 15. Which of the following Acts introduced the 'Principle M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013 of Constitutional Autocracy'? Ans. (c) (a) The Indian Councils Act of 1909 See the explanation of above question. (b) The Government of India Act of 1919 (c) The Government of India Act of 1935 18. The power of the President to issue ordinance is a relic of (d) The Indian Independence Act of 1947 (a) G.O.I. Act, 1919 D–13 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  (b) G.O.I. Act, 1935 21. A ‘Federal System’ and ‘diarchy’ at the ‘Centre’ was (c) G.O.I. Act, 1909 introduced in India by (a) The Act of 1909 (b) The Act of 1919 (d) Indian Independence Act, 1947 (c) The Act of 1935 (d) None of the above U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008 U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2013 Ans. (b) Ans. (c) Though in British India, Viceroy was empowered See the explanation of above question. to promulgate ordinance without the permission of Legislative Council under the Indian Council Act, 1861. 22. The provision for the establishment of All India However, the President’s power to promulgate ordinance Federation was included in the (Art. 123) is inspired by section 42 of Government of India (a) Government of India Act, 1935 Act, 1935. (b) August Offer, 1940 19. Which Act for the first time made it possible for (c) Government of India Act, 1919 Indians to take some share in the administration of (d) Cabinet Mission Proposal, 1946 their country? Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012 (a) Charter Act, 1833 (b) Charter Act, 1853 Ans. (a) (c) Government of India Act, 1858 See the explanation of above question. (d) Indian Councils Act, 1861 23. Which one of the following Acts provided for a federal U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2012 polity in India? Ans. (a) (a) Government of India Act, 1909 Section 87 was one of the most important sections of the (b) Government of India Act, 1919 Charter Act, 1833. It stated that no person of India or the (c) Government of India Act, 1935 Crown would be debarred from any place, post or service (d) India Independence Act, 1947 subject to the Company on the ground of religion, place of birth, descent or colour or any of them. Subsequently U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010 section 87 of the Act, 1833 laid down the foundation for Ans. (c) the participation of Indians in the administration during the See the explanation of above question. political movement. 24. In the Federation established under the Act of 1935, 20. The distribution of power between Centre and States as residuary powers were given to the in the Constitution of India is based on which of the (a) Federal Legislature following plans? (b) Provincial Legislature (a) Morely-Minto Reform, 1909 (b) Montagu-Chelmsford Reform, 1919 (c) Governor General (c) Government of India Act, 1935 (d) Provincial Governor (d) Indian Independence Act, 1947 U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008 I.A.S. (Pre) 2012 Ans. (c) Ans. (c) The residuary powers were given to Governor General in the The separation of power was made by the Government of Federation established under Government of India Act, 1935. India Act, 1935. It divided the legislative powers between central and provincial legislatures and replaced ‘dyarchy in 25. In the Federation established by the Government of provinces with dyarchy at the centre’. The act also envisaged India Act of 1935, residuary powers were given to the establishment of ‘Federation of India’ made up of both British (a) Federal Legislature (b) Governor General India and some of Princely States. However, this part was (c) Provincial Legislature (d) Provincial Governors never implemented. I.A.S. (Pre) 2018 D–14 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  Ans. (b) The Government of India Act, 1935 is an important source See the explanation of above question. for the Constitution of India. Many provisions of Indian Constitution like Federal Government, diarchy at the 26. Which one of the following is not an important and centre, distribution of power between Centre and States and permanent constituent in the Constitutional History of establishment of a Federal Court have been taken from it. India as adopted in the Government of India Act, 1935? 29. Which one of the following Acts led to the separation (a) A written Constitution for the country of Burma from India? (b) Elected representatives responsible to the Legislature (a) The Indian Councils Act, 1909 (c) Envisaging a scheme of Federation (b) Government of India Act, 1919 (d) Nomination of official members to the Legislature (c) Government of India Act, 1935 U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 (d) Indian Independence Act, 1947 Ans. (a) U.P.P.C.S (Mains) 2011 Provision for a written Constitution for the country was not Ans. (c) mentioned in the Government of India Act, 1935. The demand Burma was separated from India according to the provision Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 of a constitution was accepted in principle by the British of Government of India Act, 1935. Government in what is known as the 'August Offer' of 1940 in which the British Government concurred that the framing 30. In how many provinces was the Congress Ministry of new constitution should be primarily the responsibility of formed in the election of the year 1937? Indians themselves. In 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, a member (a) 11 (b) 9 of the British cabinet came to India with a draft proposal of (c) 6 (d) 3 the British Government on the framing of an independent U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 constitution to be adopted after the World War II. Ans. (*) 27. One amongst the following was not a salient feature of Provincial elections were held in British India in 1936-37 the Government of India Act, 1935: as mandated by the Government of India Act, 1935. The (a) The Act provided for an All India Federation elections were held in eleven provinces– Madras, Bihar, (b) Residuary subjects were allocated to provincial Central Provinces, Orissa, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP, Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh. The Legislatures. Congress ministry was formed in 8 provinces out of 11 in the (c) It marked the beginning of the Provincial Autonomy. election of 1937. Thus none of the given options are correct. (d) It abolished Diarchy at the Provincial level and 31. The proposal for framing of the Constitution of India introduced it at the Centre. by an elected Constituent Assembly was made by R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016 (a) Simon Commission Ans. (b) (b) Government of India Act, 1935 Residuary Subjects were neither allocated to the central nor (c) Cripps Mission provincial legislature. Residuary powers were vested in the (d) British Cabinet Delegation viceroy (Governor-General) of India. Thus (b) is not a salient U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008 feature of the Government of India Act, 1935. Ans. (c) 28. Why is the Government of India Act, 1935 important? The proposal for framing of the Constitution of India (after (a) It is the main source of the Constitution of India the end of Second World War) by an elected Constituent (b) It gave Independence to India Assembly was made by the Cripps Mission (1942). (c) It envisages partition of India 32. The objective of Ilbert Bill in reference to colonial rule (d) It abolished the Native States in India was- U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 (a) To bring Indians and Europeans at equal status as far Ans. (a) as the penal jurisdiction of courts was concerned. D–15 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  (b) To put a strict restriction on local press because they The Constituent Assembly of India was constituted under were considered anti to colonial rulers. Cabinet Mission, 1946 on the basis of Indirect election. (c) To conduct Administrative Service Exams in India to 36. In the Interim Government formed in 1946, the Vice- encourage Indians to participate in it. President of the Executive Council was. (d) To amend the Arms Act for weapon permit to Indians. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan I.A.S. (Pre) 2003 (c) C. Rajagopalachari (d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad Ans. (a) I.A.S. (Pre) 1995 The Ilbert Bill was introduced in 1883 for British India by Ans. (a) Viceroy Ripon who proposed an amendment to existing laws in the country at the time to allow Indian Judges and On 24 August, 1946 Interim Government was announced on Magistrates, the jurisdiction to try British offenders in a condition that Interim Government would take charge latest criminal cases at the district level, something which was not by 2nd September, 1946. Viceroy was the President of the allowed at that time. Executive Council while Jawaharlal Nehru was designated 33. As per Cabinet Mission plan, in the Constituent as Vice-President of the Executive Council. Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 Assembly to decide allotted members seat in each 37. Who of the following was not the member of the Interim province, one representative was in ratio to which National Government formed in August 1946 A.D.? population? (a) C. Rajagopalachari (b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (a) 8 Lakh (b) 10 Lakh (c) 12 Lakh (d) 15 Lakh (c) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (d) Jagjiwan Ram U.P. P.C.S (Pre) 2003 U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 Ans. (b) Ans. (c) The Cabinet Mission arrived in India in 1946. The According to the Cabinet Mission’s declaration, an Interim Government was constituted on 2 September, 1946, from Mission proposed a plan for the formation of a Constituent the newly elected Constituent Assembly. C. Rajgopalachari Assembly to frame a Constitution for the Indian Union. The was the Education Minister, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Food and representatives of provinces were based on the population; Agriculture Minister and Jagjivan Ram was the Minister for roughly 1 representative over 10 lakh population. Labour. However, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was not a member of this Interim Government. 34. Who among the following persons was not a member of the Cabinet Mission? 38. Assertion (A) : According to the Wavell Plan, (a) William Wood (b) Pethick-Lawrence the number of Hindu and Muslim (c) Stafford Cripps (d) A.B. Alexander members in the Executive Council U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015 was to be equal. Ans. (a) Reason (R) : Wavell thought that this arrangement The members of the Cabinet Mission were Sir Pethick- would have avoided the partition of Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, and A.B. Alexander. William India. Wood was not a member of the Cabinet Mission. Code : 35. Indian Constituent Assembly was established under – (a) Both (A )and (R) are individually true, and (R) is the (a) Government of India Act, 1935 correct explanation of (A). (b) Cripps Mission, 1942 (b) Both (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R )is not (c) Cabinet Mission, 1946 the correct explanation of( A). (d) Indian Independence Act, 1947 (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012 (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009 I.A.S. (Pre) 2007 Ans. (c) Ans. (c) D–16 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  In October, 1943 Lord Wavell, who had succeeded Lord The Legislative Assemblies of States were used as Linlithgow as viceroy, made an attempt to resolve the Electoral College for the formation of Constituent deadlock in India. He went to England for consultation in Assembly. In this way, the Constituent Assembly was March, 1945. There he thoroughly discussed with British a result of the indirect election. Peoples of several Government about Indian administration and made some parties were involved in it. Constituent Assembly proposals. In June 1945, his proposals were made public formed a number of committees to operate its working. by the name of Wavell Plan. He proposed restructuring of the Governor-General’s Executive Council, which would 41. Which of the following statements are correct have balanced the representation of the main communities, regarding to Indian Constituent Assembly? including equal proportions of Muslims and Hindus. All the portfolios except Defence were to be held by Indian (A) It was not based on Adult Franchise. members including foreign department. The Wavell Plan (B) It resulted from direct election. proposed an equal representation of Hindu and Muslim in (C) It was not a multi-party body. the Executive Council. Apart from Viceroy and Commander (D) It worked through several committees. in chief in the Executive Council, all members were Indian. Select the correct answer using code given below: Thus it is clear that the Wavell Plan was intended to remove the deadlock on Constitutional matters and political issues Code : Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 and to promote the self-governance for Indians but never (a) (A) and (D) (b) (A) and (B) intended to unite the Hindu-Muslim to avoid partition of (c) (B) and (C) (d) (A), (B), (C) and (D) India. Thus the statement is true, but the Reason is false. R.A.S/R.T.S (Pre) 2018 39. Who gave the idea of a Constituent Assembly firstly Ans. (a) for the formation of Constitution for India? (a) Swaraj party in 1934 The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in New Delhi (b) Congress party in 1936 on 9th December, 1946 in the Constitution Hall which is now known as the Central Hall of Parliament House. (c) Muslim League in 1942 As to its composition, the constituent Assembly was to be (d) All Parties conference in 1946 partly elected and partly nominated. I.A.S. (Pre) 1996 The members were to be indirectly elected by the members Ans. (a) of the provincial assembly, who themselves were elected on The Swaraj Party in its conference at Ranchi in May 1934 a limited franchise. presented the policy of Constituent Assembly. It was to It was a multi party body, the Congress, the Muslim League be composed of Indian representative elected on the basis and some independent members, also got representation. of adult suffrage. It was the first occasion when Indians The Constituent Assembly appointed a number of committees demanded for a Constituent Assembly. to deal with different tasks of constitution making. Out of these, 8 were major committees and others were minor committees. 40. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true in relation to Constituent Assembly? 42. Which one among the following is an incorrect statement about the Constituent Assembly? 1. Assembly was based on adult suffrage. (a) It worked with the help of a large number of 2. The assembly was a result of direct election. committees, the most important among them being 3. Assembly was a multiparty body. the Drafting Committee 4. Assembly worked through various committees. (b) Minority communities like Christians, Anglo-Indians, Choose the correct answer by using the code given and Parsis were adequately represented in the below: Assembly Code: (c) It was elected on the basis of universal adult franchise (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (d) Its electoral process was based on the sixth schedule (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the Act of 1935 which allowed for a restricted I.A.S. (Pre) 1993 franchise based on tax, property and educational Ans. (c) qualification D–17 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012 (d) By Provincial assemblies Ans. (c) U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993 Ans. (d) The members of Constituent Assembly were elected by the members of Legislative Assembly of Provinces on the basis See the explanation of above question. of indirect election, and not on the basis of Universal Adult 46. Who was the first elected Chairman of Constituent franchise. Universal Adult Franchise enables all citizens to Assembly? be involved in the governance of their state based on adult (a) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar suffrage. (b) Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha 43. Member of constituent assembly, who drafted the (c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad Constitution of India, were- (d) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (a) Nominated by British parliament Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005 (b) Nominated by Governor General Ans. (c) (c) Elected by legislative assemblies of various provinces Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha temporarily chaired the first meeting (d) Elected by Indian National Congress and Muslim of the Constituent Assembly which was held on 9 December, Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 League 1946. The Constituent Assembly elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad I.A.S. (Pre) 2002 as permanent Chairman on 11 December 1946. Dr. Rajendra Ans. (c) Prasad’s name was proposed by J.B. Kripalani. 47. Who chaired the first meeting of Constituent Assembly? Members of the constituent Assembly were elected by the members of Legislative Assemblies of various provinces. (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad Each provinces and each Indian State or group of states (b) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar were allotted the total number of seats proportional to (c) Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha their respective population roughly in the ratio of one to (d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad a million. As a result 292 members were elected through the Provincial Legislative assemblies and 4 members were U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 represented the Chief Commissioner's Provinces, while the Ans. (c) Indian Princely states were allotted a minimum of 93 seats. See the explanation of above question. 44. With reference to Indian History, the Members of the 48. The first-day session of Indian Constituent Assembly Constituent Assembly from the Provinces were was chaired by – (a) Directly elected by the people of those Provinces (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (b) Nominated by the Indian National Congress and the (b) Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha Muslim League (c) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (c) Elected by the Provincial Legislative Assemblies (d) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Selected by the government for their expertise in U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013 constitutional matters Ans. (b) I.A.S. (Pre) 2013 Ans. (c) See the explanation of above question. As per the recommendations proposed by Cabinet Mission 49. Who was the Chairman of ‘Constituent Assembly’ of (1946), members of Constituent Assembly were elected by India? the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies. (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad 45. How were the members of Constituent Assembly (b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar elected? (c) Mr. Ayyar (a) Directly by public (d) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Nominated by Congress Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007 (c) Nominated by Indian ruler Ans. (a) D–18 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  See the explanation of above question. 55. When did the Indian Constituent Assembly meet for the first time? 50. Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly of (a) 26 January, 1950 (b) 15 August, 1947 Independent India? (c) 9 December, 1946 (d) 19 November, 1949 (a) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar (b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad U.P.P.C.S (Mains) 2011 (c) C. Rajagopalachari (d) K.M. Munshi Ans. (c) M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010 See the Explanation of above question. Ans. (b) 56. The resolution for giving a Constitution to India was See the explanation of above question. adopted by the Constituent Assembly on: 51. Constituent Assembly of India was established on: (a) 22 January, 1946 (b) 22 January, 1947 (a) 10 June, 1946 (b) 09 December, 1946 (c) 20 February, 1947 (d) 26 July, 1946 (c) 26 November, 1949 (d) 26 December, 1949 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995 Ans. (b) Ans. (b) On 22 January, 1947 a resolution for Constitution of India was Join− https://t.me/thehindu000 unanimously adopted by the Constituent Assembly which The Indian Constituent Assembly was established with the was presented by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 December, 1946. commencement of its first meeting on December 9, 1946. 57. Who proposed the Preamble before the Drafting 52. The first Session of Constituent Assembly was held Committee of the Constitution? on : (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) B. R. Ambedkar (a) 9th December, 1946 (c) B. N. Rao (d) Mahatma Gandhi (b) 15th August, 1947 Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006 (c) 26th November, 1949 Ans. (a) (d) 26th January, 1946 The proceedings of the Constituent Assembly started with (e) None of the above / More than one of the above Objectives Resolution presented by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re- Exam), 2020 December, 1946. The Objective Resolution was unanimously Ans. (a) passed on 22 January, 1947. Later, this Objective Resolution became the foundation of the Preamble of the Constitution. See the explanation of the above question. 58. Who of the following presented the objectives 53. When was the Constituent Assembly established? resolution? (a) December, 1946 (b) December, 1948 (a) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (b) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (c) November, 1950 (d) December, 1951 (c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (d) Dr. C. D. Deshmukh U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007 U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 Ans. (b) Ans. (a) See the explanation of above question. See the explanation of above question. 59. In relation to formation of the Constitution of India 54. When was the first session of the constituent assembly which of the following sentences is/are correct- held? 1. Resolution of objectives by Nehru affected the (a) 10 June, 1946 (b) 9 December, 1946 making of the Constitution. (c) 19 November, 1947 (d) 30 June, 1949 2. Preamble fulfils various important objectives/aims. U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990 3. Peoples of India ordered/directed the Constitution Ans. (b). 4. Head of the state is elected by the people directly. Code: The first session of the Constituent Assembly began on 9 (a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4 December 1946 and ended on 23 December, 1946. The (c) 2,3 and 4 (d) All of the above session was attended by 207 Members (according to Rajya U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010 Sabha Website). Ans. (a) D–19 General Studies Indian Polity and Governance  Under Indian Constitution, the head of the State i.e. (b) iv iii i ii the President is not elected by people directly; but by (c) i ii iii iv people’s representatives which include elected members (d) iii iv i ii of both the Houses of Parliament, elected member of the State Legis