GESELF Prelims Reviewer PDF

GESELF PRELIMS REVIEWER LESSON 1. THE SELF FROM VARIOUS SOCRATES PERSPECTIVE - Ancient Greek Philosopher - the most important thing in life is the state The word introspection came from Latin of an...

GESELF PRELIMS REVIEWER LESSON 1. THE SELF FROM VARIOUS SOCRATES PERSPECTIVE - Ancient Greek Philosopher - the most important thing in life is the state The word introspection came from Latin of an individual soul words: Intro - within | spect - look - the essence of the self, the soul, is the immortal entity. Historically, introspection is the oldest - the soul strives for wisdom and method of all which was formerly used in perfection Philosophy, and then in psychology to collect data about the conscious experience reality consists of two dichotomous realms: of the subject 1.​ Physical (body): changing 2.​ Ideal Realm (intellectual essences Introspection Method: of the universe): unchanging - self examination or inspection of one’s eternal​ thoughts and feelings - it may be also called looking within “An unexamined life is not worth living” oneself to experience one’s mental state - Socrates - closely related to human self-reflection and is contrasted with external Know Thyself - socratic method, observation. introspection to gain self knowledge PHILOSOPHY: “love of wisdom” PLATO “philos” - love - Ancient Greek Philosopher “sophia” - wisdom - self is synonymous with soul - the academic study of anything - soul is indeed the most divine aspect of - aims to question about our life human being - a process of exploring certain kinds of question soul has three parts: 1.​ Appetitive - sensual & basic PHILOSOPHERS DON’T: biological needs give opinions, speculate, talk aimlessly 2.​ Rational - reasoning, what enables us to think deeply PHILOSOPHERS DO: 3.​ Spirited - feelings and basic use logical analysis, investigate emotions questions Theory of Forms - the physical world is not really the “real” world because reality exists beyond the physical world. Since the soul is regarded as permanent, man should give more importance to the soul than the physical body. GESELF PRELIMS BY B.LLANTERO 2024-2025 ST. AUGUSTINE JOHN LOCKE - English Philosopher - self was inner immaterial “I” that had - the human mind is a “tabula rasa” or a self-knowledge and self-awareness. blank state - believed that the human body was both Empiricism: “soul” and “body” - the origin of all knowledge is the sense of experience - the body possessed senses such as - these experiences shape and mold the imagination, memory, reason, and mind self throughout a person’s life. through which the soul experience the world DAVID HUME - Scottish Philosopher - the self is not an entity over and beyond - the body is bound to die on earth the physical body - the soul is to anticipate living eternally - self was nothing but a series of in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion incoherent impressions received by the with God senses. - what people experience is just a bundle of - the goal of the human person is to attain collection of different perceptions this communion and bliss with the divine (Bundle Theory) by living his life on earth in virtue. 2 DISTINCT ENTITIES OF EXPERIENCE: RENE DESCARTES - French Philosopher Impression - basic sensations of people’s “THE FATHER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY” experience - he wants to penetrate the nature of the Ideas - thoughts and images from reasoning process and understand its impressions relationship to the human self. IMMANUEL KANT - German Philosopher “Cogito ergo sum”- I think, therefore, I am. - the human mind creates the structure of - the act of thinking about the self of being human experience self-conscious is in itself proof that there is a - the self is an organizing principle that self. makes a unified and intelligible experience possible Theory of Rationalism - No rational person - the self construct its own reality, actively will doubt his or her own existence as a creating a world that is familiar, predictable conscious thinking entity while we are and most significantly, mine aware of thinking about ourselves. 2 COMPONENTS OF SELF: INNER SELF - includes rational, intellect, psychological states such as moods, feelings, sensations, pleasures and pain OUTER SELF - includes your sense in the physical world. GESELF PRELIMS BY B.LLANTERO 2024-2025 SIGMUND FREUD (AUSSIE PSYCH) PAUL CHURCHLAND (Canadian Levels of Consciousness: Philosopher) 1. Conscious - awareness of present - the self is inseparable from the brain and perceptions, feelings, thoughts, memories, the physiology of the body (eliminative and fantasies at any particular moment materialism) 2. Preconscious / Subconscious - related - the physical brain and not the imaginary to data that can readily be brought to mind gives people the sense of unconscious self 3. Unconscious - refers to date retained - the mind does not really exist because it but not easily available to the individual’s cannot be experienced by the senses. conscious awareness or scrutiny; contains Theory of Materialism - the belief that the basic instinctual drives including nothing but matter exists. sexuality, aggressiveness and self-destruction, unfulfilled wishes an MAURICE MERLEAU PONTY - French d childhood fantasies. Philosopher - Self as an embodied subjectivity. The mind and body are intrinsically connected. The body is part of the mind, and the mind is part of the body. - Consciousness, the world, and the human body are intricately intertwined in perceiving the world. - All knowledge about the self is based on the “phenomena” of experience “Perception is not merely a consequence of sensory experience; rather it’s a conscious experience.” ID, EGO, SUPEREGO: The Id = Desires and impulses. The Ego = Reality and balance. The Superego = Morality and guilt. GILBERT RYLE (British Philosopher) - an individual’s actions define his/her own concept of self. - the self is best understood as a pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition of a person to behave in a certain way “I act, therefore, I am” GESELF PRELIMS BY B.LLANTERO 2024-2025