Introduction to Psychology I Autumn/Winter 2024/2025 PDF

1 Introduction to Psychology I Autumm/Winter Term 2024/2025 Prof. Dr. Canan Başar-Eroğlu [email protected] Office hours: Monday: 16.00-18.00 Room Nr: A526 Hacettepe University 1992-2017 3 Bremen is the partner city of...

1 Introduction to Psychology I Autumm/Winter Term 2024/2025 Prof. Dr. Canan Başar-Eroğlu [email protected] Office hours: Monday: 16.00-18.00 Room Nr: A526 Hacettepe University 1992-2017 3 Bremen is the partner city of Izmir 4 Literature Richard J. Gerrig.: Psychology and Life. 2014, Pearson. New Internatıonal Edition  ALİ DÜZCAN Korutürk, Sarmaşık Cd. No:43A, 35330 Balçova/İzmir  The Perception Experiment Please take 30 sec. time and observe all other person in this room 7 Second Experiment Surely, you konw abuot the vrey faoums Study. The mian reuslts of the stduy was, not the sequence of the lettres imtorpant, but the first and last letter of the wrod should be correct.  How is your Perception? 9 10 1 1 Zählen Sie bitte die Pässe !!!  How is your ATTENTİON? 13 1 4 How many faces are there ? 15 Chapter 1 Psychology and Life Chapter 1 Main Points What Psychologists Do What Makes Psychology Unique? Definitions What Makes Psychology Unique? Definitions What Makes Psychology Unique? Definitions  What Makes Psychology Unique? Definitions BEHAVİOR is ACTİON. Observable Behavior: ?? Goals of Psychology Describing What Happens Explaining What Will Happen Explaining What Will Happen Predicting What Will Happen Controlling What Will Happen  Definition of Hypothesis A hypothesis (plural: hypotheses), in a scientific context, is a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables or a proposed explanation for some observed phenomenon Example: if someone eats a lot of sugar, then they will develop cavities in their teeth. In this example, the variable is the amount of sugar and the result is developing cavities.  Definition of Theory A theory is a carefully thought-out explanation for observations of the natural world that has been constructed using the scientific method,. In the context of science, a theory is a well-established explanation for scientific data... EXAMPLE: ABSENTEES GET BAD GRADES INTHE EXAM Evolution of Modern Psychology Psychology has a long past and short history the philosophy of Plato is more theoretical and abstract in nature, whereas the philosophy of Aristotle is more practical and experimental in nature At birth Evolution of Modern Psychology Cogito, ergo sum  Critical Thinking in Your Life Does “Comfort Food” Really Give Comfort? In the first study, why might the researchers have kept their sample to just one sex? With respect to the researchers’ theory, why would chicken soup not be comfort food for everyone? See page 6 in your text. Evolution of Modern Psychology  Evolution of Modern Psychology Wilhelm Wundt: Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt, Alman fizyolog, psikolog, filozof, profesör, tıp doktoru ve modern psikolojinin kurucularından. Almanya Leipzig'de 1879 yılında ilk psikoloji laboratuvarını kurarak deneysel psikolojinin adımlarını atmıştır. Zihnin yapısını incelemeye alan yapısalcılık ekolünün kurucusu sayılır. Evolution of Modern Psychology Edward Titchener: Evolution of Modern Psychology "The whole is more than the sum of its parts". Das Ganze ist mehr als die Summe seiner Einzelteile. 39 4 0 GÖRSEL ALGILAMA (Visual Perception) 41 4 2 Görsel ALGILAMA Mathes et al., 2015; Basar-Eroglu et al., ,2007, 2008, 2015, 2016 4 3 Görsel ALGILAMA Methods: Stimuli 44 Evolution of Modern Psychology  Evolution of Modern Psychology What is an example of functionalism in psychology For example, a functionalist theory might characterize pain as a state that tends to be caused by bodily injury, to produce the belief that something is wrong with the body and the desire to be out of that state, to produce anxiety, and, in the absence of any stronger, conflicting desires, to. Legacy of These Approaches Women as Pioneering Researchers Women as Pioneering Researchers Comparison of Seven Perspectives on Psychology ,  Psychodynamic Perspective Behavior is driven, or motivated, by powerful inner forces. According to this model, the organism stops reacting when it needs are satisfied and its drives reduced. (Bu modele göre, organizma ihtiyaçları karşılandığında ve dürtüleri azaldığında tepki vermeyi bırakır). Freuds Model was the first to recognize that human nature is not always rational.  Behaviorist Perspective It was pioneered by John Watson. (1878-1958). B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) The Use of positive reinforcement rather than punishment.  The Biological Perspective Behavioral Neuroscience It attempts to understand the brain processes underlying behaviors such as sensation, learning and emotion. Cognitive Neuroscience: Multidisciplinary research focus on the brain bases of higher cognitive functions. Table 1.2 The Diversity of Psychological Inquiry (Akran baskısı nasıl çalışır?) Table 1.2 (continued) The Diversity of Psychological Inquiry Perspectives on Psychology *** Perspectives on Psychology  Perspectives on Psychology Rogers: His impact on education, counseling, psychotherapy, conflict resolutio and peace is unparalleled. Perspectives on Psychology 1934'te "yalnızca eğitim, toplumlarımızı olası bir çöküşten kurtarabilir" diyen Piaget çocukların eğitimine büyük önem veriyordu. ** Piaget attached great importance to the education of children, saying in 1934 that "only education can save our Perspectives on Psychology Perspectives on Psychology Perspectives on Psychology  Psychology in Your Life In what ways do psychologists participate in the legal system? Take two minutes to brainstorm with the person next to you and see how many ways you can identify. See Table 1.2 on page 14 for additional ideas. What Psychologists Do Distribution of Degrees to Subfields of Psychology Work Settings of Psychologists How to Use This Text Study Strategies How to Use This Text Study Techniques Recapping Main Points 7 0 Literature Richard J. Gerrig. Psychology and Life. 2014, Pearson. New International Edition 7 1 Institute of Psychology and Cognition 7 2 Town Musicians in Bremen