Geography Exam Review PDF

Review Day 1 Canada's Population Density- Even though Canada is one of the biggest countries in the world they have a very low population density of 4 people per km2. This is equal to 11 people per mile squared. Population Density - definition- The number of people per kilometer squared Population...

Review Day 1 Canada's Population Density- Even though Canada is one of the biggest countries in the world they have a very low population density of 4 people per km2. This is equal to 11 people per mile squared. Population Density - definition- The number of people per kilometer squared Population Distribution - The pattern of the area where people live. The patterns are dispersed (far apart). Linear (arranged in a linear line). Concentrated (Close together) Map issues - Maps don’t show the earth’s tilt. Maps distort the direction,shape, distance and area of the earth’s surface. (Only one will be included) Map Scales - types - There are 2 types of scales on a map. The first one is a small map with great detail. The second type is a large scale map however with little detail. G.I.S. definition- Gis stores information about the world in a digital database Geologic Age of the Earth - Eras - The Earth had 4 eras in its history the first was Precambrian and Palezoic. After Palezoic was the Mesozoic and last and the current age is the Cenozoic era. Also known as the age of humans and animals. Pangea - Pangea was claimed by Alfred wegener. It states that before continental drift the world was one big supercontinent known as pangea. Over time this super continent drifted apart into the 7 continents of the world as we know it as today. Layers of the Earth - The 5 layers from the earth starting from the outside is the atmosphere after that it’s the hydrosphere then the crust. After the crust it is the mantle than outer core and the most inner part of the earth the inner core. Folding,Faulting and Volcanic activity - Folding is the extreme pressure that causes rocks to bend or fold into mountain ridges and valleys. Faulting is the pressure that causes rocks to crack and break along fault lines which either tilts or lifts the rocks into escarpments. Volcanic activity also known as eruptions is when erupting lava and ash builds up from the side of a volcano to form a mountain. Three types of Rocks - The three types of rocks are the fire rock also known as the igneous rock, Sedimentary rock also known as a layered rock and lastly the Metamorphic rock known as the changed rock. Ring of Fire- The ring of fire is located between the continents of Europe,North America, Oceania and South America along some tectonic plates Landforms of Canada - Some of the landforms in Canada are the western mountains, the interior plains, Canadian shield and St Lawrence lowlands and lakes. Cardinal Directions- The 8 Cardinal Directions are North,East,West and South. Then, North East,North west, South East and South West. Review Day 2 New Mountain vs Older Mountain- New Mountain has steep slopes and high pointed peaks. Old mountains have been eroded and are lower as well as more rounded. Glacial Deposits- Glacial deposition is the settling of sediments left behind from a moving glacier. Types of Glaciers- The 2 types of Glaciers are alpine and continental. Alpine glaciers are found in mountainous regions. They Sharpen the upper part of the mountains and give them a rugged appearance. They exist in the western Cordillera of Canada. Continental glaciers occupy greater areas of land. They also move under their own weight. They exist in Greenland and antarctica. Tundra- A treeless plain with permanently frozen subsoil. Supports a variety of low growing plant life in northern latitudes The Water part of the Earth’s crust- The water part of the Earth’s crust also known as the hydrosphere is a water layers that covers two thirds of the Earth’s surface The air part above the Earth’s surface- This is also known as the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a layer of gasses that surrounds the Earth. Weather- The day to day changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. Climate- The Average weather conditions of an area over long periods of time. Aerosols- Small solid and liquid particles that are distributed in the gasses which make up air in the atmosphere B.O.L.T.S B- Border contains all the information on a map. O-Orientation gives direction using a north arrow. L-Legend gives all information on a map using colours and symbols. T-Title identifies information about the shown topic. S-Scales compares the distance on a map with the earth’s surface. L.O.W.E.R.N.W Latitude-the further north or south of the equator, the colder it gets because the earth is curved Ocean Currents- air passing over water picks up its moisture and temperature characteristics 3 ocean currents affect Canada:North Pacific (warm) Labrador (cold) Gulf Stream (warm) Wind Currents-a current of fast moving air that flows from west to east in the upper atmosphere Elevation- refers to the height above sea level affect temperature because as elevation increases, temperatures decrease Relief-refers to the differences in elevation of the earth’s surface affects the amount of precipitation windward slopes are very wet leeward slopes are very dry Near Water- large bodies of water moderate land temperatures by making winters warmer and summers cooler Review Day 3 Meteorologist- A scientist who studies the weather CFC’s- Any class of carbon hydrogen,chlorine and fluorine Axis of the Earth- The Earth Axis refers to the imaginary line through the North and South Poles around which the Earth Rotates Near Water Air masses– Near water air masses form over water and are humid Continental Air Masses- Originate over continents and are therefore dry air masses Causes of Precipitation– warm air containing water vapour rises and cools to the point of condensation and the water droplets form clouds when droplets become too large and heavy, they fall to the ground as precipitation Population Density- The number of people per square kilometer Population Distribution- Population distribution is a measure of how spread out a population is in any given area Ecological Footprint- the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources Location Industry Factors- Some location factor industries are population (number of customers),Availability of materials and competition in the area like similar stores that could be taking some customers and some money from you.