Evolution of Psychology PDF

Chapter 1 Evolution of Psychology B A S E D O N, W E I T E N, W. ( 2 0 0 8 ) T H E M E S A N D VA R I A T I O N S , B R I E F E R V E R S I O N, 7 T H E D.  History timeline of psychology Greeks – philosophy  Term from: psyche = soul, life logo = study ...

Chapter 1 Evolution of Psychology B A S E D O N, W E I T E N, W. ( 2 0 0 8 ) T H E M E S A N D VA R I A T I O N S , B R I E F E R V E R S I O N, 7 T H E D.  History timeline of psychology Greeks – philosophy  Term from: psyche = soul, life logo = study  Aristotle – book “About the Soul” 1500 to 1700s – subfield of philosophy  Term psychology first used (study of the mind)  Descarte – studied the mind as separate from the body Late 1700s - Scientific method  developed in physiology (medicine) 1879 – psychology as a separate discipline (philosophy and physiology blend)  Father of psychology Wundt – Founder of Psychology -----studied the mind scientifically  First lab (1879) psychology’s “birth”  First journal  Method of doing research – introspection  Careful, systematic observation of one’s own conscious experience to stimuli  Historical theories Structuralism  Break consciousness into small units and study each part using introspection.  Wundt (Titchner) Functionalism  Study the purpose of behavior  William James  Influenced by Darwin (how behavior helps you survive in your environment  American Psychological Association APA founded in 1892  G. Stanley Hall – first president  First Ph.D in psychology in America  First research lab in U.S.  First U.S. journal  Today over 140,000 members  Over 1000 technical journals published  Mental health professionals Psychiatrist Psychologist  Medical school  Graduate school  M.D. degree  Ph.D., Psy.D., or Ed.d degree  Focus on drugs and  Focus on personality, biological treatments family dynamics and psychotherapy  Psychology Today: 5 theories Psychoanalytic (Freud)  Unconscious conflicts and dream interpretation Behaviorism (Watson, Skinner)  Learning and environment (no free will) Humanistic (Maslow, Rogers)  Self-actualization and self-image Cognitive Psychology (Beck, Ellis)  Mental processes (thinking) Biological perspective  Nervous system and brain chemistry The Humanists Revolt (Slide 2 of 2) Psychology Returns to Its Roots: Renewed Interest in Cognition and Physiology (2 of 2)  Define psychology Psychology is the science of behavior and physiological and mental processes.  Applied psychology Research Areas  1) clinical 1) developmental  2) school 2) social  3) industrial 3) experimental 4) physiological 5) cognitive  Psychology Broadens Its Horizons: Increased Interest in Cultural Diversity Recent trends have incorporated cultural factors into their theories and research: 1. Advances in communication, travel, and international trade have “shrunk” the world. 2. The ethnic makeup of the Western world has become an increasingly diverse multicultural mosaic.  Evolutionary Psychology Evolutionary psychologists assert that patterns of behavior are products of evolution in the same way that anatomical characteristics are. Evolutionary psychology: is the perspective that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations.  Positive Psychology Positive psychology: is the approach that uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human behavior. Three areas of interest:  1. Positive subjective experiences  2. Positive individual traits  3. Positive institutions and communities  Studying psychology Better study habits  Schedule your time (write it down!)  A place to concentrate (get rid of distractions)  Reward your studying (use immediate, tangible goodies) Active reader  SQ3R – (Survey, then Question, then Read, then Recite, then Review) Note taking takes active listening  Full attention  Read ahead  Own words, key ideas (not everything)  Ask questions  Taking tests (testwiseness) Myths – don’t change answers is wrong (research shows in long-run changing answers pays off 58% of time.) Multiple-choice questions  Read whole question  Eliminate options  Information in one question can help in another  “All of the above” is the answer if two are right  “Always” is almost always wrong  Qualified statements “may be” or “are often” correct  The end THANK YOU P R O D U C E D BY L I N DA G I B B O N S, UA FS