Genetic Inheritence- Audio Qs.docx

**[Questions]** 1. Define Heredity. Is the way in which characteristics and traits are passed from parents to offspring. 2. What is a gene? A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein. 3. What is the chromosomal make-up of a female? XX 4. What is the chromosomal make-up of a male?...

**[Questions]** 1. Define Heredity. Is the way in which characteristics and traits are passed from parents to offspring. 2. What is a gene? A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein. 3. What is the chromosomal make-up of a female? XX 4. What is the chromosomal make-up of a male? XY 5. What is the genotype of an organism? The genetic make-up of an organism 6. What is the phenotype of an organism? The physical expression of an organism's genotype & its interaction with the environment. 7. What are alleles? Alternative forms of the same gene 8. What is meant by homozygous? When identical alleles are present. 9. What is meant by heterozygous? The alleles present are different  10. What is meant by gene expression? The physical expression of a gene through protein synthesis.  11. What is a pedigree diagram? A diagram showing genetic history of a group of related individuals. 12. What is incomplete dominance? When there is no dominant allele so expression is somewhere in between. 13. Who is considered the father of genetics? Gregor Mendel 14. What is the law of segregation? Traits are controlled by pairs of factors, these factors separate during gamete formation. Each gamete contains only one factor for each trait 15. What is the law of independent assortment? Members of a pair of factors separate independently of members of another pair of factors during gamete formation. 16. What is meant by linkage? When genes are found on the same chromosomes 17. What is the locus? The location of a gene within a chromosome 18. What is sex-linkage? When genes are found on the X-chromosome 19. Give an example of a sex-linked chromosome. Haemophilia 20. Which of males or females is most likely to suffer from a sex-linked disorder? Males **[DNA Isolation questions:]** What tissue did you use? Kiwi Why was salt used? The salt will cause the DNA molecules to clump together Why did you use washing-up liquid? The washing-up liquid will dissolve the cell and nuclear membranes and release the DNA from the cells Why did you finely chop the kiwi\> To increase the surface area for the experiment Why did you put the beaker in a water-bath at 60 degrees Celsius? This temperature denatures the enzymes that would normally digest DNA. Why did you heat the beaker for just fifteen minutes? If left any longer than 15 minutes, the DNA itself would break down. Why did you cool the mixture in an ice-water bath for five minutes? This slows down the breakdown of DNA Why did you blend the mixture for three minutes? This breaks down the cell walls and releases DNA What would happen if you blended the mixture for more than three seconds? Blending it for too long would break down the DNA strands.  Why did you use coffee filter paper instead of lab filter paper? Normal lab filter paper its pores are too small and the process would be very slow.  Why did you use a protease? The protease beaks down the proteins around the DNA What was the purpose of the ethanol? To cause the DNA to float to the top. Why was ice-cold ethanol used? DNA is insoluble in ice-cold ethanol but it is soluble in room temperature ethanol.