General Pathology 3.pdf

G Path 3 Wednesday, 9 March 2022 10:38 AM This is denervation atrophy, without constant nerve signal stimulus the muscles don’t move In this case the suprascapular nerve that runs over the spine of the scapula can be damaged easily as it has not much protection. So atrophy of the supra a...

G Path 3 Wednesday, 9 March 2022 10:38 AM This is denervation atrophy, without constant nerve signal stimulus the muscles don’t move In this case the suprascapular nerve that runs over the spine of the scapula can be damaged easily as it has not much protection. So atrophy of the supra and infra scapular muscles Brains can atrophy due to old age!!! - senile is atrophy Opposite of atrophy, this is where each cell in the tissue/organ increases in size Eg part of pregnancy uterus enlargement is hypertrophy This is the extreme version where the cell never forms in the first place Atresia ani is intestinal atresia Mostly in cats but can happen in production animals This leads to an inability to balance properly - Seen from very young age since it is a congenital issue - They can be able to learn and re wire what is left of their cerebellum and live a relatively healthy life Chryptorchidism can cause this to occur to the retained testis These are goats In utero the palate has started to grow but has not finished growth, this case is minor and this animal is likely to still be able to swallow/suckle Cant suckle as it cant close up its nasopharynx, when they try to drink it goes in the lungs Can be corrected with surgery but not done often in production animals And is NOT a simple procedure, nor is after care simple. ATRESIA - no lumen So it causes blockage of the intestine congenitally So caudally the lumen is empty and cranially the lumen is full and can rupture due to pressure(peritonitis) ATRESIA ANI - same thing, but more distal, lack of lumen in the anus This means longer intestine intact so signs/issues take longer to see Can be fixed surgically, but may be incontinent due to sphincter failure after MORE cells (not bigger cells) The individual cells will function normally but due to disruption in architecture the collaborartive function of the tissue or organ can be disrupted Eg goiter So an increase in number of normal sise/function cells Prostate hyperplasia due to too much testosterone long term Hyperplasia can happen in clumps rather than the whole organ, making a nudule or a mass (the liver is good at doing this during regeneration) Although it looks like tumers these are normal cells (not a tumer) Abnormal growth Can be congenital such as hip dysplasia Can be acquired dysplasia such as scarring Hip displasia just means an abnormality in the shape of the joint, could be abnormal acetabulum (too shallow) could be that the femoral head or kneck is wrong