General Anatomy Practical (MN) PDF

By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Identify the organ Eesophagus Length: 25 cm Position begins in the neck, enters the thoracic cavity, ends in cardiac end of stomach Parts: a. short cervical part b. long thoracic part...

By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Identify the organ Eesophagus Length: 25 cm Position begins in the neck, enters the thoracic cavity, ends in cardiac end of stomach Parts: a. short cervical part b. long thoracic part c. very short abdominal part Identify the organ Stomach Mention its parts *‫مهم‬ Cardiac ❖ fundus + body Pyloric ❖ Antrum + Canal + pylorus Mention its end A. Cardiac “oesophagus ends” B. pyloric “duodenum begins” Mention its curvatures (borders) A. Lesser curvature (right border) B. greater curvature (left border) Mention its surfaces Anterior and posterior Give its position On the it side of the abdominal cavity behind the it lobe of the liver Shape It is J-shaped when it is empty By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical Identify the organ Small Intestine Parts 1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum Identify the organ Large Intestine Parts Caecum/Vermiform appendix/Ascending colon/Right colic /flexure/Transverse colon/Left colic flexure/ Descending colon/pelvic colon/Rectum/Anal canal Characters 1. Taenia coli 2. Appendices epiploicae 3. Saculations Identify the following organ Liver Weight 1.5 Kgm Shape Large wedge-shaped Position upper right part of abdominal cavity below the diaphragm. Function of Gall bladder** storage and concentration of bile Give the number of its lobes 2 (large right lobe + small left lobe) identify the following organ By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical Pancreas Long 12-15 cm long Position on the posterior wall of the abdomen extends from the duodenum on the right to the spleen on the left Mention its parts head, neck, body, tail. Function Endocrine: secretes 2 hormones regulate the level of the blood glucose A. Insulin hormone: lowers the blood glucose level B. Glucagon hormone: Elevates the blood glucose level Exocrine: secretes pancreatic enzymes which helps the digestion of food CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM [Study the labels well on the image] Champers of heart Right Atrium / Right ventricle Left atrium / Left ventricle Valves Tricuspid valve – pulmonary valve mitral valve – aortic valve Veins superior vena cava inferior vena cava Right pulmonary veins Left pulmonary veins Arteries Aorta – left Pulmonary artery – right Pulmonary artery By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical Big Arteries Aorta its Parts: ❖ Ascending aorta ❖ Arch of aorta ❖ Descending aorta its Branches: ❖ Brachiocephalic artery - Right subclavian artery - Right common carotid artery ❖ Left Carotid artery ❖ Left subclavian artery RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Identify the following part Larynx Shape Tube Forming 9 cartilages (3 single and 3 paired) 1. Thyroid 2. Cricoid 3. epiglottis. Position from the root of the tongue till the beginning of trachea function 1. Passage of air to trachea and lungs. 2. Production of voice by vocal cords. 3. Reflex expulsion of foreign bodies. By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical identify the following part Trachea Length 10 cm patent tube forming 16-20 C-shaped cartilages Position its upper 1/2 in the neck, its lower 1/2 in thorax. ends in thorax behind the sternal angle by dividing into two bronchi. Function transmits air from the larynx to the lungs Identify the part Lungs Shape half cone Shaped structure 1. apex above and base below 2. 2 surfaces (lateral convex + medial concave) 3. covered by the pleura : visceral and parietal with pleural cavity in-between. Difference between right and left lung *‫مهم‬ / Right lung Left Lung description Short and wide Long and narrow Weight 625 g 565 g lobes three lobes two lobes (superior, middle, inferior) (superior, inferior) fissures two fissures (oblique-horizontal) One fissures (oblique) segments 10 segments 8 segments Cardiac NO Has notch By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Pituitary gland Weight: 1/2 gm Position: the middle part of the base of the skull, below the brain. Secretes: Hormones control the secretion endocrine glands(TSH, ACTH, prolactine, GH) Thyroid gland Position ✓ in front of the lower part of larynx ✓ upper part of trachea ✓ lower part of the neck Shape: Butterfly Formation: 2 pyramidal shaped lobes connected by a transverse band called isthmus ”moves up and down with the movement of larynx during swallowing” Secretes: thyroxin hormone Parathyroid glands ”4 yellow glands” Position: posterior surface of the thyroid gland Secretes: parathyroid hormone (PTH) Function: regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism. By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical Suprarenal glands (Adrenals) Shape: Two semilunar or triangular Position: upper poles of the kidneys Formation: Each gland has cortex and medulla Secretes: 1. Cortex secretes cortisone and aldosterone hormones 2. medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones. Pancreas” endocrine and exocrine gland” Position: lies transversely on the posterior abdominal wall extending from the duodenum till the spleen Secretes endocrine “ called islets of Langerhans” : insulin and glucagon hormones Function: regulate the blood glucose level Gonads Testis in male: secretes testosterone hormone Ovary in female: secretes oestrogen and progesterone hormones. By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical URINARY SYSTEM identify the following part Kidney Position upper part of the posterior abdominal wall from the last rib till the level of L3 vertebra. Shape bean shaped structure 2 ends (upper and lower). 2 margins (lateral convex and medial concave containing the hilum). 2 surfaces (anterior and posterior) both one convex. Hilum of kidney: renal artery enters and the renal vein and ureter leave the kidney. Size 12 x 6 x 3 cm. identify the following part Ureter Shape muscular tube Length 25cm Position from the hilum of the kidney to the urinary bladder structure sites of narrowing or constrictions at its beginning function transmitting the urine By: MohaNed General Anatomy Practical identify the following part Urinary bladder Shape Empty bladder is pyramidal shape Position present inside the pelvic cavity behind symphysis pubis. Function reservoir of urine, receives the 2 ureters, its urine leaves it through the urethra. identify the following part Urethra Function carries the urine to outside the body Difference between male and female urethra Male urethra Length: 20cm Parts: A. Prostatic urethra: widest part, 3 cm long, lies within the prostate. B. Penile urethra: longest part, 15 cm long, lies within the penis. C. Membranous urethra: narrowest part, 2 cm long, lies between prostate and root of penis. Female urethra Length: 4cm Shape: short and wide tube Position: anterior wall of vagina.