General Biology 2, Lesson Packet - Chemical and Nervous Control PDF

CAPITOL UNIVERSITY Cagayan de Oro City SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LESSON PACKET SUBJECT: General Biology 2 ESSENTIAL TOPICS: Chemical and Nervous Control & Immune...

CAPITOL UNIVERSITY Cagayan de Oro City SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LESSON PACKET SUBJECT: General Biology 2 ESSENTIAL TOPICS: Chemical and Nervous Control & Immune LESSON CODE: W3L1 Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1) Compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals; reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, transport/circulation, regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous control, immune systems, and sensory and motor mechanisms DISCUSSION CHEMICAL AND NERVOUS CONTROL  higher forms of animals have complex forms of nervous control  plants may not have such organ systems, but they do have parts that maybe likened to certain nervous control mechanisms in animals Nervous control mechanisms in animals and their possible counterparts in plants ANIMALS PLANTS BRAIN- main organ used by SERIAL NERVOUS SYSTEM- the root vertebrates for nervous control tip or apex serves as a unit of its nervous Main organ NERVE NETS- present among system for nervous invertebrates which consist of *Numerous apices in the plant body control individual nerve cells that form a connect to the vascular strands, which netlike arrangement throughout the are classified as plant nerves animals’ body Channel or VASCULAR STRANDS serve as the medium Animals have NERVES that carry nerves in plants. These are present where information from the brain and spinal among leaves as vascular bundles and as information cord to the muscle and glands well as stems and roots as vascular travels cylinders. Chemical HORMONES- important for growth HORMONES- needed for certain control and survival physiological processes in the plant body IMMUNE SYSTEMS  the role of the immune system is to protect the organism from diseases or other potentially damaging foreign bodies  animals have the ability to become immune when they are exposed to infection, but plants cannot do so Immune system mechanisms in animals and plants ANIMALS PLANTS  Have multifaceted and complex  Plants cannot defend themselves against immune system capable of protecting pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. them against invasive pathogens or  When invaders are identified by cell receptors, disease-causing organisms it triggers defense responses such as  Composed of complex interactions thickening of the cell wall, production of between body cells and foreign cells. antimicrobial compounds such as  LYMPHOCYTES travel through the PHYTOALEXINS and ENZYMES, and even circulatory system to destroy foreign cell death. bodies  Suicide in plants through programmed cell death called APOPTOSIS, is the most common response since pathogens feed on living tissues. (Examples of plants/crops infected by fungi) ANIMALS PLANTS  The sensory and motor mechanisms of  Plants react to light, chemicals, gravity, water, animals are directly controlled by their and even touch. The ability of plants to nervous systems respond to a certain stimulus is known as  Sensory information is conveyed and TROPISM perceived by the following (refer to the diagram below): Different Tropisms in Plants TROPISM EXAMPLES  PHOTOTROPISM- movement of the plant in response to light, usually in the direction toward the light  GEOTROPISM- movement of the plant in response to gravitational force  NEGATIVE TROPISM- when the plant part moves away from the Earth  POSITIVE TROPISM- when the plant part moves toward the Earth  HYDROTROPISM- movement of the plant in response to water  THIGMOTROPISM- movement of the plant in response to mechanical stimulation References:  DIWA Senior High School Series: General Biology 2 END