General Chemistry 1 Reviewer PDF
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This document provides a review of key concepts in general chemistry, focusing on atomic structure and various atomic models proposed by scientists. It includes definitions and details on topics like isotopes and atomic mass. Diagrams are also present.
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**GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 REVIEWER** **ATOMS** - from the Greek word \'atomos' meaning \'not to cut'. Atoms are the basic units of matter. The atom has a very small region which is further named as the **NUCLEUS.** **ACCURACY**- Indicates how close is the measurement is to the true or accepted value...
**GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 REVIEWER** **ATOMS** - from the Greek word \'atomos' meaning \'not to cut'. Atoms are the basic units of matter. The atom has a very small region which is further named as the **NUCLEUS.** **ACCURACY**- Indicates how close is the measurement is to the true or accepted value. **PRECISION**- Refers to the closeness of measurements within a set of data. I**SOTOPES**- Atoms which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons at its nucleus or atoms that have the same number of but different number of nucleons. **ATOMIC MASS (A)**- Is the number of protons and neutrons contained in the nucleus of an atom. **DEMOCRITUS**- believed that all matter is made of very small particles. Then, he called these particles, ATOMS. **EUGEN GOLDSTEIN**- in 1886 he discovered proton. **SANDWICH ZEROS**- are zeros appearing between nonzero digits are significant. **ELECTRON**- First subatomic particle to be discovered. **JAMES CHADWICK**- An English physicist who discovered neutron. He proposed *[QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL]* **DALTON'S ATOMIC MODEL**- proposed by John Dalton. He defined an atom to be a ball-like structure, as the concepts of atomic nucleus and electrons were unknown at the time. **J.J THOMSON**- THOMSON'S ATOMIC MODEL (PLUM PUDDING MODEL) **ERNEST RUTHERFORD**- Proposed GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT **NEILS BOHR**- proposed BOHR' ATOMIC MODEL. **ATOMIC NUMBER (Z)**- The number of positive particles in the nucleus. Since the proton is positively charge and is located in the nucleus, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons **MASS NUMBER** = no. of protons + no. of neutrons The mass unit of proton is **1.0073** and can be found inside the nucleus. The mass unit of neutron is **1.0087** and can be found inside the nucleus. The mass unit of electron **is 0.0005** and can be found in orbital. Every **nonzero digit** is significant. Zeros appearing between nonzero digits are significant. Trailing zeros follow a non-zero digit and are significant only if there is a [5 atomic models which are proposed by different scientists in this field.] 1. Dalton's Atomic Model 2. Thomson's Atomic Model 3. Rutherford's Atomic Model 4. Bohr's Atomic Model 5. Chadwick's Atomic Model 1. 2. 3. 4\.  5.
