Total Revolution Past Paper PDF

# सम्पूर्ण क्रांति (Total Revolution) ## Introduction - Every movement or revolution in the world has leadership. - Leadership possesses qualities that influence the entire nation. - Leadership inspires people to change in a particular direction. - For example, Mahatma Gandhi, through his leade...

# सम्पूर्ण क्रांति (Total Revolution) ## Introduction - Every movement or revolution in the world has leadership. - Leadership possesses qualities that influence the entire nation. - Leadership inspires people to change in a particular direction. - For example, Mahatma Gandhi, through his leadership and ideas, shook the British and motivated all Indians to unite for independence. - It was Gandhi's personality that united people from all castes, religions, and communities to fight for independence. - The mantras of truth, love, non-violence, and satyagraha finally forced the British to leave India. ## Three Important Figures - Mahatma Gandhi, Vinoba Bhave, and Jay Prakash Narayan were three individuals who were not power-hungry. - They did not lead movements to become Prime Minister or President of an independent India. - They sought the welfare, advancement, and reconstruction of the country. ## Jay Prakash Narayan - JP (Jay Prakash Narayan) dedicated his entire life to the service of the country and the people. - Before discussing the concept of total revolution, we should briefly mention JP (Jay Prakash Narayan) because of his experiences in economic, social, and political spheres. - These experiences provided him with a vast reservoir of knowledge. - He was given a revolutionary philosophy for transforming society. ## Early Life and Influences - In JP's early life, he was influenced by numerous thinkers and philosophies. - At the age of 16, he was aware of contemporary political activities. - At that time, revolutionaries were tiring out the British with violent actions. - On the other hand, Mahatma Gandhi was shaking the British with his Satyagraha. - Gandhi had a profound influence on JP. His entire life was transformed by Gandhi's ideas. - In 1921, he joined Gandhi's Satyagraha. ## American Experiences - When he went to America for higher education, he saw the different aspects of society. - He experienced the inhumanity of the capitalist system, which exploited individuals. - He was influenced by the socialist thinker MN Roy. - His travels between Chicago and Wisconsin were a journey from socialism to Marxism. - At this time, he became a staunch Marxist, but he did not agree with its implementation. - Upon returning to India, he joined the nationalist movement rather than the communist movement. ## Transformation and Beliefs - JP was influenced by Gandhi's social movements. - But, over time, he did not agree with all of Gandhi's policies and actions. - Finally, he left the Congress Party and joined the Socialist movement. - In 1951, when the Bhoodan movement started, he came in contact with Vinoba Bhave. - Vinoba Bhave had a profound effect on his thinking, beliefs, and ideas. - He stated that true revolution is not possible through the power of state as advocated by Nehru. - This inspired JP to dedicate the rest of his life to the Sarvodaya movement. ## JP's Philosophy - An analysis of JP's ideas reveals the clear influence of Marx, Gandhi, and Vinoba Bhave. - In JP, we see a synthesis of their thoughts, but his personal ideas were even more extensive. - He formulated a practical philosophy for the entire society, which is known as Total Revolution. ## Total Revolution - The impact of a revolution on society is profound but not immediate. - Generally, revolution signifies a change in the power structure, but this change is not limited to just the political sphere. - Revolution seeks a fundamental change in the structure of society. - JP's total revolution does not advocate for violence. - In the closing years of his life, JP proposed a practical program for the reconstruction of India. - In 1974, he declared the concept of Total Revolution. ## Origin of Total Revolution - On June 5, 1974, while addressing a huge gathering in Patna's Gandhi Maidan, he spontaneously said, "This movement is not just for fulfilling the 10-12 demands of the student union, but it is the beginning of Total Revolution. It will have wider goals. It seeks to make the Indian democracy truly strong and true, to establish people's rule in the country, to eliminate injustices, exploitation, and other evils from society, to create a new morality, culture, and education, to build a new way of life, and to ultimately build a new India. It is this Total Revolution that will achieve these goals." - He went on to say, "Revolution should affect every aspect of society's life, so that the individual and society rise to greater heights, not just a change in government. This is why I called it Total Revolution. You may call it a Comprehensive Revolution." - JP deeply felt the need for a profound transformation in the system of the country from within. - He constantly thought about how to change the economic, social, and political structures. - During his imprisonment in Chandigar, he penned his thoughts and feelings about the revolution in his Jail Diary. ## JP's Views on Revolution - While studying in High School, I was captivated by the idea of the Revolution, which at that time was for national independence. - In my relentless pursuit of a revolution, Marxism and the national movement led me to Sarvodaya, inspired by the love of Vinoba Bhave. - I realized that a non-violent revolution could not happen through Gram Swaraj. I sought other paths. ## The Essence of Total Revolution - Harivishnu Kamath writes about the idea of Total Revolution, "... The word ‘total’ is meaningful. History has seen countless revolutions. - Mankind has changed its course, but the revolutions of France, Russia, or China, in JP's view, were not total at all. - They are not complete revolutions, but the pursuit of this quest for a complete and comprehensive revolution continued throughout his life. JP kept changing directions to reach the destination." - The experiences of the Revolution have enlarged the meaning of the word "revolution." - It does not simply refer to change or power transition. - Revolution does not end with violence and turmoil. Instead, it incorporates values, attitudes, creativity, and constructive changes in all areas of society. - The canvas of revolution is expansive and broad now. - JP's "Total Revolution" is much deeper and broader than the revolutions of France, China, or Russia. - It is born out of a new perspective, after studying Marxism, Gandhian philosophy, and Vinoba Bhave's ideas. - Freedom, equality, and fraternity, the slogans of the French Revolution, were constantly present in his life, and his commitment to humane values. - No matter how small a person is, he treated him as a human being. - He believed that his concept of the revolution is dynamic. ## JP's Views on Total Revolution - “…total revolution requires such a revolution that affects each and every aspect of society, both as a whole and in its parts. - It is not a revolution that just changes individuals or groups, but it should cover the whole landscape of life of individuals and society from all angles... - I say that Total Revolution is born out of the confluence of seven revolutions: social, economic, political, cultural, and moral" ## Total Revolution: A Vision for Change - JP believed that political power cannot bring true change in society. - He advocated for a fundamental change in society, not just a change of government. - He wanted people to get actively involved in transforming society. - The transformative power resides within the people, not with the state. ## Total Revolution: A Long-Term Struggle - JP realized that the revolution would not happen overnight. - It is a long-term process dependent on the time and the preparation of the masses. - Dr. Radhakrishna Singh, in his analysis of JP's Total Revolution, states that "JP believed that without total revolution, it is not possible for society to witness a complete yet constructive transformation. - Having studied Marxism, Gandhism, democratic socialism, and Sarvodaya, JP concluded that politics is the soul of societal life. - Without cleansing politics, it is impossible to make society healthy and strong. - Mere change in power structure is not sufficient. - It needs to transform the individual conduct also." ## Seven Pillars of Total Revolution - JP has identified 7 primary pillars of Total Revolution. - These "Seven Revolutions" are like the seven rivers of the Indus, the seven Sages, the seven days of the week, and the seven colors of the rainbow. - They are based on the ideas inherited from our land, our history, our civilization, and our spirituality. - These revolutions address the political, economic, and social evils that were eating away at society at that time. - The ailing political system bothered JP deeply. ## The Weakness of Democracy - He criticized the current democracy, saying, "Our democracy is based on a narrow foundation. - This distorted pyramid is standing on its head. - Just because every adult citizen has the voting right, doesn't make our system balanced. These countless voters are like grains of sand, which are scattered all over. They cannot build a strong foundation. - These grains need to be pressed and made into bricks or cast into concrete forms, only then will they function as cornerstones. This democracy is very flawed and ineffective. It pains me deeply." - He believed that social reform should be aimed at transforming the entire system. - It is not enough to work on one aspect of society only. ## JP's Approach to Change - JP stressed the need for changing the mindset of the people. - He said that without a moral sense, a good constitution and a good political structure will fail. - He advocated for a spiritual revolution for India. - He strongly believed that a society becomes morally corrupt, it deteriorates. - These are the seven dimensions of JP's vision of Total Revolution: - Educational Revolution - Cultural Revolution - Social Resolution - Economic Revolution - Political Revolution - Intellectual Revolution - Spiritual Revolution ## Educational Revolution - The Indian education system, inherited from British rule, needs to be drastically overhauled. - There is a need for fundamental changes in the principles of education itself. - Moral education and spiritual education should be the core of any education system. - The current system should be transformed based on current circumstances. - The education system should help young people become self-reliant. - Today's education system focuses on getting degrees. - It does not provide any real skills. ## The Problem with Degrees - Millions of youths are getting degrees, but they have no use. - There is an urgent need to change the basic education system from the primary level to the university. - The current education system is insensitive to the needs of the rural, poor, and disadvantaged sections of society. - This needs to be changed. - JP believed that education should be relevant to life. - It should help youth become self-reliant, and it should be labor-oriented and relevant to today's needs. - The education system envisaged by Gandhi is close to JP's vision. ## JP's Critique of the Education System - He said, “Why do most people study? They study to get a degree. - Then those people get jobs without the skills they need. - I want this system to change. No one should get a job based on a degree alone. - Each person should be tested for their job skills, even if they haven’t completed their formal education. Only then can we do away with the prestige attached to degrees.” - JP felt that the system should ensure basic education for all citizens. - He wanted education to be such that people should be able to express their thoughts and solve any problem. - He opposed meaningless education.