GE-PC-Unit-1 PDF - Language Nature

UNIT 1 LESSON 1: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE WHAT IS LANGUAGE? The creation of humankind came along the creation of a wonderful and dynamic human capacity — language. Aside from humans, animals are also said to be able to communicate...

UNIT 1 LESSON 1: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE WHAT IS LANGUAGE? The creation of humankind came along the creation of a wonderful and dynamic human capacity — language. Aside from humans, animals are also said to be able to communicate with each other. For example, whales sing, wolves howl, dogs bark, and birds chirp. The sounds these creatures produce often re ect the state of their emotions. While it may be true that animals communicate, only humans beings are truly capable of producing language. What exactly is language? Linguists agree that a language can only be called a language if it has a system of rules (also known as grammar), a sound system (phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon). These are the requirements for identifying a means of communication as a language. A monkey may be able to produce sounds and gestures, but it will not be able to organize the sounds into a meaningful system with rules. Therefore, what a monkey, and other animals produce is not a language in the strictest sense of the word. Human beings, meanwhile, are able to communicate their desire to share food through several ways that are understandable to other human beings. They may utter a word (Food!), raise a question (Want some food?), or give a statement (I’d like to share this food with you). When language is used by people, understanding each other is possible because they come from the same speech community. In this speech community, they are able to understand each other because they have the same set of rules in the language system. People acquire languages from their community as they grow up. We call this process language acquisition. We call the languages we acquire as we grow up as mother tongues, which we also know as rst languages. Later on, people discover that other languages are also essential for various reasons. These languages may be referred to as second languages. People learn these second languages formally in school, or informally on their own. This process is called language learning. What happens if people visit another speech community that is di erent from their own? Americans and British speak English. However, they spell words di erent. They pronounce words di erently. They have di erent ways of expressing the same set of rules for their languages. This is why there are di erences in their languages. Look at the following words and try to determine which of these listed are correct or incorrect. Correct Incorrect 1. Enrollment 2. Enrolment 3. Defense 4. Defence 5. Colonize 6. Colonise Page 1 of 15   ff fi fl ff ff ff ff  UNIT 1 What happens if you, for example, who speaks a mother tongue and English, go to work in China where the residents speak Putonghua (Mandarin) and a little bit of English? Will you be able to communicate with the Chinese? The answer is yes. Although, it will be a challenge for you and your Chinese friends to try to understand each other, eventually, you will be able to communicate as you slowly learn each other’s languages. What is happening here is called language contact. The result of such contact may be a new form of language. It is possible that in your attempt to communicate with each other, you and your Chinese friend will produce a new language form that is understandable to both of you. Your own languages may also change as you consistently interact and communicate with each other. Thus, language change is the result of language contact. Language is indeed a complex human capacity. It is, therefore, important to be aware of its features and behavior to be able to use it more e ectively and productively in communicating with others. 👋 So, after reading the short discussion above, try to answer the following questions: 1. Can animals communicate? 2. Can monkeys produce language? 3. What is the difference between language acquisition and language learning? 4. What is the difference between first language and second language? 5. What happens after a language comes into contact with another? Page 2 of 15   ff  UNIT 1 My Language Biography Create your own Language Biography by re ecting on the concepts presented in the input and connecting these to your personal experience of language. Start by lling in the following Language Biodata Form. Language Biodata Form Identify the language/s that you speak. How many do you speak so far? What is/are your mother tongue/s or rst language/s? How did you acquire your rst language/s? Can you perform skills using your rst language/ s? What are these skills? What is your second language/s? How did you learn your second language/s? Can you perform skills using your second language/s? What are these skills? What are your strengths when it comes to language? What are your weaknesses when it comes to language? From the language/s that you know, which one is your favorite and why? Page 3 of 15   fi fi fi fl fi  UNIT 1 LESSON 2: TYPES OF COMMUNICATION WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Depending on what is being considered, communication, as a term, takes on di erent contexts. This results in people having di erent views when it comes to the types of communication. Various contexts come into play because communication, in general, is de ned as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between or among two or more people. The circumstance or environment in which communication takes place is called context. This circumstance can be physical or actual setting, the value positions of a speaker/ listener, and the importance or appropriateness of the conveyed message. The focus is on certain communication processes and even groupings of people that forms a communication situation. One’s communication can be in uenced by di erent contexts. A particular circumstance governs each type of communication. Thus, it is essential to pay attention to the interplay of factors surrounding the context of communication, which may be physical, cultural, social, and psychological in nature. Communication may, therefore, be classi ed according to: (1) communication mode, (2) context, and (3) purpose and style. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE A message can be communicated through the following: verbal, nonverbal, and visual. Although communication is often thought of as verbal, the nonverbal mode is equally important, as it enhances one’s message. Verbal - Nonverbal Communication The blending of both verbal and nonverbal type is needed for e ective communication. On cannot be separated from the other. Let’s use door-to-door salespersons as an example. Their demonstration of product knowledge can only be e ective if they can properly punctuate what they say using correct gestures and facial expression. Their communication with the customer begins upon greeting him/her with a welcoming smile, then assessing customer needs and answering customer queries enhanced by gestures and a friendly, happy, and pleasant disposition. It is only through this mode that salespeople with excellent communication skills are able to provide the best information needed, thereby convincing the client to patronize their products. When you were in senior high school, you were trained to blend verbal and nonverbal modes of communication. In fact, when meeting people for the rst time, as what you may have experienced many times, the initial meeting when you speak during the rst few minutes is signi cant as it leaves a lasting impression on your listeners. You show interest in meeting these people by acknowledging their presence through an amiable, congenial disposition and a smiling face. Rather than just speaking, nonverbal codes are better used through handshake, an approving facial expression, and a kind disposition or character. Page 4 of 15 fi  fi  fl ff ff ff fi ff fi fi ff  UNIT 1 Visual Communication Visual communication, meanwhile, is a communication type that uses images to transfer messages and/or information. Some examples are symbols, signs, charts, diagrams, maps, graphs, imagery, photos, pictograms, illustrations or drawings, and even various electronic communication forms. Electronic communication symbols or images include the emoticons, emojis, and animation, among others, to impart the writer’s emotions or explain the intent of the message sender. These are achieved through digital mode or text. How these symbols are interpreted is crucial in visual communication. There are some instances when visual communication is classi ed under nonverbal communication. Whatever the classi cation is, note that this type has now become pervasive in communication. It is also important that the receiver of the message is able to decode the meaning correctly by contextualizing the information received. Visual communication currently plays a vital role in any work environment. For example, instructors, doctors, lawyers, legislators, managers, and the like use visuals during their presentations to convey data into comprehensible information. Very likely, they will have a greater success in catching the attention of the audience, making the latter easily recall the information. What makes visual communication even more bene cial is that it uses technology that provides videos, images, and apps that depend less on the printed word, making presentations more engaging. These things leave a powerful e ect on the audience and prospective clients. Speakers/presenters should, however, be mindful of the content of their presentation because wrong and irrelevant information may lead to miscommunication or communication breakdown, thereby defeating the very purpose for the for the use of visuals. Likewise, they should pay attention to graphic elements, such as position, color, size, shape, and orientation, as all these play an important role in the preparation of slides. Audience size should be considered as well when preparing slide presentation or other forms of visuals. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT in this sub-section, context in communication is referred to as a composite of people interacting with each other. Communication may also be classi ed according to context: (1) intrapersonal; (2) interpersonal; (3) extended; (4) organization communication; and (5) intercultural communication. Intrapersonal Communication The Latin pre x intra- means “within” or “inside”. Intrapersonal communication means talking to oneself. Some label it as inner dialogue, inner monologue, or self- or inner talk. Psychologists use other names for it, such as self-statement or self-verbalization. Do you nd it normal to talk to yourself? Some say it is; some say it is not. The gauge, however, rests on the frequency of the occurrence and how you handle such. For instance, if you nd yourself talking to yourself, there is really no need for you to answer back. You talk to yourself because you are uneasy, especially when you are about to speak in front of an audience, to assure yourself that you’ve done a good job, or to console yourself when you performed a task poorly. Moreover, engaging in inner speech, such as daydreaming or fantasizing, is not bad as long as you can distinguish it from what is real. Page 5 of 15 fi   fi fi fi fi fi fi ff  UNIT 1 Self-talk can work to your advantage, as it allows you to practice what you need to say in times when you lack motivation and con dence to speak. One magic statement that you can try is, “I can do it!” Saying this will continuously give you positive reinforcement that you can do things courageously and that it is not impossible to do so. Furthermore, as you face life’s challenges, you may also nd yourself verbalizing your thoughts and feelings. It is then important that as you re ect, you are able to improve on your decisions in life and likewise enhance your self-worth. Interpersonal Communication As opposed to intra-, the Latin pre x inter- means “between”, “among”, and “together”. An interactive exchange takes place as interpersonal communication takes place. As it happens, however, a transaction does not necessarily take place because it can only be a simple interaction, such as ordinary conversations, getting to know a person, or greetings that happen between or among the interactants. This may occur in small groups or dyads, also known as group communication. A communication situation is interpersonal if it is meant to establish or deepen one’s relationship with others. However, if the objective is to achieve something at the end of the conversation, it becomes transactional. While the former is characterized by less seriousness and formality, the latter is more formal and profound. Whereas interpersonal talks aim to accomplish or resolve something at the end of the conversation. Look at the following conversations or exchanges: 1. Speaker 1: Hi! Is this seat taken? Speaker 2: No, go ahead. It’s free. Speaker 1: Thanks! I’m Isa, by the way. Speaker 2: I’m Callie. I’m friends with the drummer. Are you a fan of theirs? Speaker 1: Oh my gosh! Hey! I’m Chris’ sister! Nice to meet you, Callie. I think it’s the rst time seeing you in one of their gigs. Speaker 2: Yeah. I just got back from the UK. Bryan is actually showing me around. We were neighbors since childhood until I had to leave for work. Looking at you, you do look like Chris! Speaker 1: Ha! Yeah. That’s what others say. Hey, if you want company to go around the city, just contact me. Here is my phone number and my IG handle. Speaker 2: Yay! Great! I will take you up on that o er! Page 6 of 15   fi fl fi fi fi ff  UNIT 1 2. Speaker 1: Hi, welcome to FreeBee, how can I help you today? Speaker 2: One Bee Meal 4, please. Speaker 1: Would that be all? Speaker 2: Yes. Thanks! Which one is interpersonal and which one is transactional? Can you explain why? Extended Communication Extended communication involves the use of electronic media. Unlike before when it only called for the use of television and radio, nowadays, the description of extended communication may be expanded to include tele, audio, or phone conferencing; video conferencing, Skype calls, Zoom meetings, and other technological means. For example, people who are far away from each other or are far from a venue can participate in a meeting or a conference when linked by a telecommunication system. In an e-conference setting, participants may not be present physically; but they can still track down the lectures and participate actively because of the mass articulation and dissemination of information that allows speakers to read a wider group of listeners. Because extended communication is public in nature, speakers should be prepared when they speak so their language is more formal. Messages are transmitted quickly through the use of electronic media. For example, by using the internet, recorded videos can be transmitted in seconds/minutes, as well as viewed by a greater number of people. With extended communication, your own attitude, behavior, and thinking may be in uenced by other people; and you may be persuaded to accept the views you hear. It is vital, therefore, that you weigh what you hear and evaluate them against the beliefs that you hold so that you do not get easily in uence by the convictions of others. Organizational Communication With this type, the focus is on the role that communication plays in organizational contexts. Organizations comprise individuals who work for the company. When you graduate, for example, you become a professional, either working for a compass or putting up your own. Regardless of which, you should know that each organization has expectations that you as a communication professional should meet or that you as the owner may establish. There should be a system of communication so that an organization can be successful. A set of rules or standards for communication protocol should be spelled out so that interaction patterns can be established. On the part of the individual, you should be equipped with the needed oral and written communication skills that the organization expects you to possess. There are two types of organizational structure: (1) formal and (2) informal. Formal structure allows communication to take place via designated channels of message ow between positions in the organization. This structure can use four approaches: (1) downward communication; (2) upward communication; (3) horizontal communication; and (4) crosswise communication. As the term indicates, downward communication ows from upper to lower Page 7 of 15   fl fl fl fl  UNIT 1 positions, that is, from the president to a manager or supervisor or a manager to an ordinary sta. The communication ow is top-down or from a superior to a subordinate and usually asks certain individuals to perform a speci c task. Conversely, message transmission in upward communication is bottom-up, where subordinates communicate to their superiors/ bosses bearing their views/feedback on organizational policies, issues related to their jobs, and the like. Horizontal communication has a lateral approach because it takes place among people from the same level but from di erent departments or units to facilitate performance of tasks through proper coordination. Crosswise approach is diagonal in nature because employees from di erent units or departments that work at various levels communicate with each other. Each of these communication approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages. Note that these structures are usually presented in the company’s organizational chart and policy manuals. Informal communication, meanwhile, comes from uno cial channels of message ow. Likewise known as “grapevine,” messages from the di erent levels of the organization are conveyed. This happens because of the dissatisfaction of some employees, accompanied by doubt, such as superiors playing favorites and unfavorable or unacceptable company rules and regulations. Some employees, accompanied by doubt, such as superiors playing favorites and unfavorable or unacceptable company rules and regulations. Some employees even turn to baseless gossips and rumors, which they spread like wild re. Tracing the origin of a rumor is almost next to impossible. In fact, when some people are confronted, they lay the blame on others so that they can get out of the mess quickly. Each organization has its own culture. This is referred to as “organizational culture”. Based on its history and development, an organization develops its own core values, vision and mission statements, goals, and objectives. Organizational culture is of utmost signi cance as it will dictate the kind of behavior that employees should have, as well as the extent of commitment expected from them by the organization. They all share the values, practices, vision and mission of the organization. Peter Drucker’s famous quote, “Company cultures are like country culture. Never try to change one. Try, instead, to work with what you’ve got,” underscores the view that, indeed, culture is within the control of the entrepreneur or company owner. If from the beginning, you think you cannot conform the organization’s culture, you’d better look for another job or workplace where you will be happy and in harmony with your superiors and colleagues. Intercultural Communication Another type of communication is intercultural communication. As the term implies, it is communication between or among people having di erent linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds. Even gender di erence a ects communication. Individuals with dissimilar orientations convey and interpret messages in a di erent way. This particularly happens with nonverbal communication. For example, Australians consider eye contact as vital in evaluating how sincere a person is. Meanwhile, for Indians, it is considered inappropriate to look straight into the eyes of a person while talking. This does not, however, mean that they are dishonest or insincere. Moreover, Indians see hand waving from side to side as “no” or “go away” while it means “hello” among Westerners. For Filipinos, twitching of lips means referring to something or someone. When someone asks, “Where is my book?” Instead of responding, “There it is”, the response may be through puckering or twitching the lips. When people from other cultures see this, it may be taken to mean as an action of “seduction”. It is important, therefore, not to be judgmental or to rush into interpretations, as cultures sometimes vary enormously. Page 8 of 15 ff   ff fl ff fi ff ff ff ff fi ffi ff fi fl  UNIT 1 Similarly, linguistic di erences are of the essence. With the advent of World Englishes, di erent cultures develop di erent lexicon peculiar only tot he speech community. In the Philippines, a local variety of English, called Philippine English, has been developed, which has introduced lexical innovation that has not been found or used in other varieties, such as thrice, batch mates, CR (comfort room), solons, Barangay captain, and high blood. Even in terms of pronunciation, words are pronounced di erently by by Filipinos, which, to some are considered erroneous. For instance, these supposedly pronounced with a hard /th/ as in /mother/ as opposed to the common pronunciation /moder/ because the hard /th/ is not present in the Filipino phonology. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND STYLE Finally, communication may be classi ed according to purpose and style. We have discussed formal and informal communication earlier in relation to organization communication. In a similar way, the communication types in relation to purpose and style are formal and informal. However, instead of communication setting and the delivery mode, Formal communication employs formal language that is delivered either orally or in written form. Lectures, research and project proposals, public talks/speeches, business letters, and writings. Remember that while speeches and lectures are delivered orally, their texts have been thought out carefully and written well before delivery. The main objectives of this type of communication are to inform, entertain, and persuade. Meanwhile, informal communication does not apply formal language. It involves personal and usual conversations with family members, friends, acquaintances about anything of interest to them. The mode may be oral as in face-to-face, ordinary or everyday conversations, and phone calls, or written like the case of emails, letters, personal notes, or text messages. The purpose of informal communication is simply to socialize and deepen relationships 👋 Check your understanding of the input by answering the following questions: 1. How do you differentiate the types of communication in relation to communication mode? 2. How can visual communication enhance the message conveyed by a speaker? Cite a particular situation when it is best to employ visual communication. 3. What are the types of communication in relation to context? How do they differ from one another? 4. How can you listen to speakers' opinions through electronic media without being easily swayed into accepting their opinions? 5. Of the four approaches employed in formal organization structure, which do you think is the best? Cite situations that will call for the use of each approach. Give one advantage and disadvantage of each/ 6. Would you know any strategy or method ny which you can reduce the complexity of understanding another culture? Do you think it will work with your current set of foreign friends/classmates? 7. How do you differentiate formal communication from informal communication in relation to purpose and style? Provide situations to illustrate the differences. Page 9 of 15 ff   ff ff ff fi  UNIT 1 LESSON 3: COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS COMMUNICATION MODELS You learned about the types of communication mode, context, and purpose and style in the earlier discussion. In this lesson, you will review the nature of the communication process and some important communication models. Why is it important for you to know the communication models? You will learn the importance as they will help you understand how a communication process works. It is only by knowing the ow of communication that you can make the communication process e ective. A model is abstract most of the time. It represents a real-world phenomenon applied to di erent forms. The interplay of variables in the model is represented in a graphic form. Later on, try to assess what makes up the communication models and what variables are common to each of them. There are many conceptual models for human communication, but in this lesson, you will be exposed to only four: (1) Aristotle’s model; (2) Laswell’s model; (3) Shannon-Weaver’s model; and (4) David Berlo’s model of communication. Aristotle’s Communication Model Classical rhetoric dates back to ancient Greece during the time of Plato, Aristotle, and the Green Sophists who were great rhetoricians. E ective public speaking was an important consideration in the study of communication. The ancient Greeks were good at argumentation and debate, and speech was characterized by repartee. Aristotle emphasized that there are three variables in the communication process: speaker, speech, and audience, as illustrated in the communication ow below: Speaker Speech Audience Note the importance of the speaker variable here. Without this variable, no speech will be produced. The speaker adjusts his/her speech depending on the audience pro le. Some considerations for the audience demographics are age, culture, race, religion, background, social and economic status, and political orientation or inclination. Even attitudes, views, and beliefs also play an important role when talking about audience consideration because, at times, the audience brings these with them when they decode a message in any given situation. Page 10 of 15 ff   fl ff fl ff fi  UNIT 1 Laswell’s Communication Model in 1948, Harold Dwight Laswell described communication as being focused on the following Ws: Who say What in Which channel to Whom and with What e ect as seen in the model below: Who Says what In which To whom With what channel effect? Communicator Message Medium Receiver Effect The whole communication process starts with the communicator (who) sending our a message (what) using a medium (in which channel) for a receiver (to whom) experiencing an e ect (with what e ect) later on. The process can be analyzed through the sent content, the medium used, as well at the e ect it has on the recipient of the message. While this model is the same as that of Aristotle, in the sense that both are linear and have similar components. Laswell’s is di erent because ve variables are involved, with the additional two: medium and e ect. Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver’s model of communication was introduced in 1949, a year after Laswell’s, for Bell Laboratories. Originally, it was conceptualized for the functioning of the radio and television, serving as a model for technical communication; later on, it was adopted in the eld of communication. In this model, other components, such as noise, reception, destination, and feedback have been identi ed. Other terms, such as information source for the sender, transmitter for the encounter, decoder (reception) and receiver (destination), were introduced. Information Transmitter Reception Destination Source Sender Encoder Channel Decoder Receiver Noise Feedback Page 11 of 15 ff   ff fi ff ff ff fi fi ff  UNIT 1 Can you explain the communication ow in the preceding model? How di erent is it from the rst two models discussed earlier? Berlo’s Communication Model David Berlo’s model, conceptualized in 1960, is probably the most well-known among the communication meddles. Initially, Berlo’s model was called SMCR, which stands for sender of the message, sent through a channel or medium to a receiver. However, it was modi ed later on to include noise, hence, the acronym SMCRN The major variables involved in the communication process are (1) source, (2) message, (3) channel, and (4) receiver. The source, being the originator of the message, includes (1) content, (2) elements, such as the language used and gestures employed; (3) treatment or the manner by which the message is transmitted and (4) structure, which refers to the arrangement of parts or ow of the message. The code shows how the message is sent: that is, the language (verbal code) used and the accompanying gestures (non-verbal code) employed. Note that there should be no mismatch between the verbal and nonverbal codes. The third variable, which is channel, refers to the di erent senses: seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching. Finally, the fourth variable is receiver, the one who decodes the message. Note that the components of this last variable are similar to those of the rst. For communication to be e ective, both the source and the receiver should have good communication skills. If you were to insert noise as an additional variable for SMCR, where do you think will it t? Page 12 of 15 fi  fi  ff fl ff ff fi fi fl  UNIT 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Because communication is a two-way process, it is essential that you know the principles to be followed so that it can be e ective. For both oral and written communication, you should apply the following principles. 1. Know your purpose in communicating. Are you communicating to inform, entertain, or persuade? While you may have more than one purpose, there is still a more dominant objective or reason why you communicate. 2. Know your audience. In both speaking and writing, you should know your audience as it will dictate the speaking or writing style you are going to employ. Consider the age, educational background, profession, culture, and other signi cant characteristics of your listeners or readers. 3. Know your topic. You communicate essentially because you want to share something. In speaking situations, speakers are invited because they have something to share. This also applies to writing. You write because you wish that other people learn something from you. You may then use several or multiple communication techniques to easily catch the attention of the audience. 4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation. The environment in which your speech or writing is to be delivered determines the kind of language you will use. 5. Work on the given feedback. Once you receive comments form the listeners/ readers, work on them. Take criticisms kindly. In the long run, constructive criticisms will prove bene cial to you as you learn to address them. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION 1. Have a clear purpose. You should know your objectives in communicating by heart. 2. Deliver a complete message. Make sure that your claims are supported by facts and necessary information. 3. Aim for conciseness. Your statements do not have to be wordy. Brevity in speech is a must. 4. Deliver you message in the most natural way as possible. Punctuate important words with the suitable movements and gestures. Exude a certain level of con dence even if you do not feel con dent enough. 5. Have a speci c and timely feedback. Inputs will be helpful when given on time. Page 13 of 15 fi   fi fi fi ff fi  UNIT 1 PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: THE 7Cs 1. Be clear. Be clear about your message. Always be guided by your purpose in communicating. 2. Be concise. Always stick to your point and do not beat or run around the bush. Be brief by focusing on your main point. 3. Be concrete. Support your claims with enough facts. Your readers will easily know if you are blu ng or deceiving them because there is nothing to substantiate your claims. 4. Be correct. It is important that you observe grammatical correctness in your writing. Always have time to revise and edit your work. Even simple spelling errors may easily distract you readers. 5. Be coherent. Your writing becomes coherent only when you convey a logical message. The idea should be connected to each other and related to the topic. Make sure that you observe a sound structure that will present a smooth ow of your ideas. Use transitional or cohesive devices so that the ideas conform with one another. 6. Be complete. Include all necessary and relevant information so that the audience will not be left wanting of any information. Always place yourself in the shoes of the audience, who is always interested to receive new information. 7. Be courteous. The tone of your writing should be friendly. Avoid overtone/ undertone or insinuation to eliminate confusion and misinterpretation. ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION Communication ethics emphasize that morals in uence the behavior of an individual, group, or organization, thereby a ecting their communication. For instance, given the unethical communication practice of a certain company of concealing the non-remittance of deducted premiums from employees’ salaries to the Social Security System (SSS) or Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) in the case of government o ces, the company’s accountability to its employees is undoubtedly a ected. Compare this situation with that of an organization that observes ethical practice and remits the employees’ monthly contributions to the SSS or GSIS regularly. It is important to note that one’s behavior should be regulated by honesty, decency, truthfulness, sincerity, and moral uprightness. Be guided by the following to achieve ethical communication: 1. Establish an e ective value system that will lead to the development of your integrity as a person. One’s behavior and decision-making style a ect, in turn, the operations of an organization. 2. Provide complete and correct information. The data you provide whether needed or not, should always be contextualized and accurate. Page 14 of 15   ffi ff ff ff fl ff ffi fl  UNIT 1 3. Disclose important information adequately and appropriately. Never conceal information that are needed for transparency purpose. Observing a code of ethics is essential as it determines the kind of behavior that is proper and desirable over one that is displeasing and o ensive. A code of ethics sets the standards to be observed by a person or a company that will create a good reputation or a positive image not only for an individual but also for the organization. It will, therefore, pave the way for the attainment of the desired results, leading to the success of an individual or the entire company. Success in decision-making will likewise impose the company’s reputation. 👋 Check your understanding of the input by answering the following questions: 1. What are the communication models? Why do you think were they introduced? 2. How does one model differ from other/s? 3. If you were to choose a conceptual model for communication, what would you prefer and why? How can you be guided by any of the models when you communicate? 4. How do the principles of effective oral communication differ from that of effective written communication? Do they have similarities at all? 5. How can one observe ethics in communication? 6. Why is it important to have a code of conduct or a code of ethics? Page 15 of 15   ff