Public Speaking Lecture Notes PDF

Speaking in Public  Hello! I am Mr. Henry M. Andres You can find me at [email protected]. 2  “One who forms a judgement on any point but cannot explain it, might as well never have thought at all on the subject” - Pericles (2500) 3 ...

Speaking in Public  Hello! I am Mr. Henry M. Andres You can find me at [email protected]. 2  “One who forms a judgement on any point but cannot explain it, might as well never have thought at all on the subject” - Pericles (2500) 3  Public Speaking Public Speaking is a way of making ideas public- of sharing them with other people and of influencing other people.  Great Speakers around the World > USA - Franklin Roosevelt, Billy Graham, Cesar Chavez, Barbara Jordan, Ronald Reagan, Martin Luther King, Hillary Clinton, and Barack Obama. > Great Britain – Margaret Thatcher > South Africa – Nelson Mandela > Myanmar – Aung San Suu Kyi > Kenya – Wangari Maathai 5  Power of Public Speaking > vital means of civic engagement > a form of empowerment > offers opportunity to make a difference 6  The Tradition of Public Speaking > Almost all cultures have an equivalent of the English word “orator” to designate someone with special skills in public speaking. > The oldest known handbook on effective speech was written on papyrus in Egypt some 4500 years ago. 7  Tradition of Public Speaking > Aristotle’s Rhetoric, composed during the 3rd century BCE, is still considered the most important work on its subject, and many of its principles are followed by speakers and writers today. > The great Roman leader Cicero used his speeches to defend liberty and wrote several works about oratory in general. 8  The Tradition of Public Speaking > The principles of public speaking are derived from a long tradition and have been confirmed by a substantial bod of research. > The more you know about the principles, the more effective you will be in your own speeches – and the more effective you will be in listening to the speeches of other people. 9  Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation > Organizing your thoughts logically. > Tailoring your message to your audience. > Telling a story for a maximum impact. > Adapting to listener feedback. 10  Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation > Public speaking is more highly structured. > it usually imposes time limitations, > does not allow listeners to interrupt with questions or commentary > speaker must anticipate questions that may arise > PS demands more detailed planning and prep 11  Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation > Public speaking requires more formal language. > it avoids slang, jargon, and bad grammar > uses elevated and polished language when addressing the audience > a speech is considered to be “special” 12  Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation > Public speaking requires a different method of delivery. > it avoids interject stock phrases > speakers adjust their voices to be clearly heard > assume a more erect posture > avoid mannerisms and verbal habits 13  Developing Confidence: Your Speech Class > Stage Fright > one of the concerns of students in any speech class > the anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience 14  “Given a choice, at a funeral, most of us would rather be the one in the coffin than the one giving the eulogy.” - Jerry Seinfeld 15  Nervousness is Normal > Nervousness > it is a healthy sign that they are getting “psyched up” for a good effort > perfectly normal-even desirable- feeling at the start of the speech > Adrenaline > a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical and mental stress 16  Effects of Sudden Adrenaline Shot > it makes your heart race > your hand shakes > your knees knock > your skin perspire 17  Dealing with Nervousness > Rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it from a negative force into what one expert calls positive nervousness. > Positive Nervousness > controlled nervousness that helps a speaker for his or her presentation 18  Positive Nervousness > “a zesty, enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight edge to it…. It’s still nervousness, but it feels different. You’re no longer victimized by it; instead, you’re vitalized by it. You’re in control of it.” 19 Turning Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive one > think of it as “stage excitement” or “stage enthusiasm.” > think of it as a normal part of giving a successful speech. > Here are the six (6) ways to turn nervousness from a negative force into a positive one: 20 Turning Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive one > Acquire Speaking Experience > You are enrolled in this course to learn about speechmaking and gain speaking experience. > The part of stage fright is fear of the unknown. > The more you learn, the more speeches you give, the less threat of nervousness it will become. 21 Turning Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive one > Prepare, Prepare, Prepare > pick speech topics you truly care about > one minute of speaking time requires one to two hours of preparation > this will depend on the amount of research needed for the speech 22 Turning Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive one > Think Positively > confidence is mostly the well-known power of positive thinking > if you think you can do it, you usually can > mind over matter 23  Negative Thought vs. Positive Thought - I wish I did not have to - This speech is a chance give this speech. for me to share my ideas - I am not a great public and gain experience as a speaker. speaker - I am always nervous when - No one is perfect, but I I give a speech. am getting better with each speech I give. 24 Turning Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive one > Use the Power of Visualization > Visualization – mental imaging which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation > create a vivid mental blueprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech 25 Turning Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive one > Know that Most Nervousness is Not Visible > do not look tense and insecure > only a fraction of the turmoil you feel inside is visible on the outside > your nervous system will give you a thousand shocks, but your audience can only see a few of them 26 Turning Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive one > Do not Expect Perfection. > know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech > if you made mistakes, just proceed as if nothing happened > do not view speechmaking as a performance, instead, view it as an act of communication 27 Tips to Dealing with Nervousness in Your First Speech > Be at your best physically and mentally. > Quietly tighten and relax your leg muscles, or squeeze your hands together and then release them. > Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you start to speak. 28 Tips to Dealing with Nervousness in Your First Speech > Work especially hard on your introduction. > Make eye contact with members of your audience. > Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than worrying about your stage fright. > Use visual aids. 29  Public Speaking and Critical Thinking > Besides building your confidence, a course in public speaking can develop your skills a s a critical thinker. > Critical Thinking - it is a matter of logic – of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. 30  Critical Thinking > It involves related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion, judging the credibility of statements, and assessing the soundness of evidence. > It makes your speech structure clear and cohesive. > It plays an important role of shaping ideas. 31  Speech Communication Process Elements > Speaker > begins the communication process > S/he is the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener. 32  Elements of Speech Communication Process > Message > It is whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. > Your goal in public speaking is to have your intended message that is actually communicated. (IM and CM) 33  Elements of Speech Communication Process > Channel > It is the means by which a message is communicated. > Public speakers may use one or more several channels, each of which will affect the message received by the audience. 34  Elements of Speech Communication Process > Listener > the person who receives the communicated message from the speaker > Everything as speaker says is filtered through listener’s frame of reference. > Frame of Reference - the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. 35  Elements of Speech Communication Process > Feedback > the message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker. > response of the listeners sent to the speaker > for the speaker to know the next move 36  Elements of Speech Communication Process > Interference > anything that impedes the communication of a message > internal interference – this comes from within your audience > external interference – these happens outside you audience 37  Elements of Speech Communication Process > Situation > the time and place in which speech communication occurs > certain occasions require certain kinds of speeches > physical setting is important 38 39  Public Speaking in a Multicultural Setting > ways on how to cope and adapt with people having different cultures > talks about how diverse cultures are > cultural diversity in the modern world > effects and impacts of modernization to our diverse society 40  Multicultural Setting > There are 195 nations in the world, and every one of them has someone living in the United States. > Houston has two radio stations that broadcast solely in Vietnamese and a daily newspaper that prints in Chinese. > Nearly 60 percent of the people in Miami were born outside the United States. 41  Multicultural Setting > More than 47 million people in the U.S. speak a language other than English at home. > The internet allows for instant communication everywhere around the world. > CNN is broadcasted to more than 1 billion people globally. > International air travel has made national boundaries almost meaningless. 42  Multicultural Setting > There are 77,000 transnational corporations around the world, and they account for more than 30 percent of the world’s economic output.  > McDonald’s sells twice as many hamburgers and French fries abroad that it does in the United States.  43  Multicultural Setting > Nike makes 63 percent of its sales through exports.  > France has as many Muslims as practicing Catholics.  > Radio CHIN in Toronto, Canada broadcasts in 31 languages. 44  Thanks! Any questions? Find me at [email protected]. 45  Credits Special thanks to all the people who made and released these awesome resources for free: > Presentation template by SlidesCarnival > Photographs by Unsplash 46