GBio2_Q1_Lesson 1- Intro to Genetics PDF

1 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you are 2 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you have 3 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you are 4 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you have...

1 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you are 2 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you have 3 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you are 4 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you have 5 The Genetic Boat Is Sinking, stay if you can 6 Some of you may have inherited a widow’s peak and the ability to roll your tongue from your either or both of your parents, while some of you may lack these genetic traits. 7 Inheritance may also involve more complex traits such as the intelligence quotient level or IQ level. From whom do you think you inherited your natural intelligence? 8 GENERAL BIOLOGY 2: QUARTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS Lesson 1 Mr. General Edgardo Jr. Viador Chemistry 1/2 Subject Teacher Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics  Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Explain the foundations and development of Mendelian genetics. Refamiliarize with the terminologies in genetics 10 How did the experiments of Gregor Mendel lay the foundation for the study of transmission genetics? 11  Introduction to Inheritance Looking at yourself in the mirror... 12  Introduction to Inheritance...have you ever wondered how you have inherited your biological traits from your parents? 13  Introduction to Inheritance...have you ever wondered how you have inherited your biological traits from your parents? 14 Introduction to Inheritance Genetics answers most of our inquiries about how traits are transmitted from parents to their children. 15 Introduction to Inheritance Genetics Heredity Variation 16 Introduction to Inheritance Genetics Heredity Variation 17 Introduction to Inheritance Genetics Heredity Variation 18 Introduction to Inheritance Genetics Heredity Variation 19  Introduction to Inheritance Molecular genetics Cytogenetics Branches of Genetics Transmission genetics Population genetics 20  Introduction to Inheritance Molecular genetics Cytogenetics deals with DNA and gene expression and regulation. Branches of Genetics Transmission genetics Population genetics 21  Introduction to Inheritance Molecular genetics Cytogenetics deals with chromosome structure and behavior during cell division. Branches of Genetics Transmission genetics Population genetics 22  Introduction to Inheritance Molecular genetics Cytogenetics Branches of Genetics Transmission genetics deals with different patterns of inheritance. Population genetics 23  Introduction to Inheritance Molecular genetics Cytogenetics Branches of Genetics Population genetics deals with how forces of evolution influence genes in Transmission genetics populations. 24  Introduction to Inheritance Transmission genetics, also called classical genetics, is the oldest subdiscipline of genetics. It attempts to predict outcomes of reproduction. 25 Brief Background of Gregor Mendel Farm Father of Tender Genetics Augustinian Beekeeper Academician Monk 26 Brief Background of Gregor Mendel Mendel took the path to priesthood when he entered Augustinian monastery of St. Thomas and became monk. This is also where he performed his pea plant studies. 27  Pea Plant Hybridization Mendel chose the legumes garden peas or Pisum sativum for his hybridization experiments. 28 What makes Pisum sativum an ideal model organism for genetic studies? 29 Pea Plant Hybridization 30 Pea Plant Hybridization What makes peas ideal for genetic studies? 31 Pea Plant Hybridization They What makes exhibit peas ideal for genetic vigorous studies? growth. 32 Pea Plant Hybridization They can self- fertilize. They What makes exhibit peas ideal for genetic vigorous studies? growth. 33 Pea Plant Hybridization They can self- fertilize. They What makes exhibit They can peas ideal for genetic vigorous cross- studies? growth. fertilize. 34 Pea Plant Hybridization A chromosome consists of a DNA molecule, which serve as the repository of genetic information in cells. 36 Review of Genetic Terminologies A chromosome consists of a DNA molecule, which serve as the repository of genetic information in cells. Review of Genetic Terminologies Our chromosomes occur in pairs called homologous chromosomes. Review of Genetic Terminologies Our chromosomes occur in pairs called homologous chromosomes. Paternal (from the father or male parent) Review of Genetic Terminologies Our chromosomes occur in pairs called homologous chromosomes. Paternal (from the father or male parent) Maternal (from the mother or female parent) Review of Genetic Terminologies A gene is the basic unit of heredity. It controls the expression of a biological characteristic. Review of Genetic Terminologies A gene is the basic unit of heredity. It controls the expression of a biological characteristic. A characteristic is a heritable feature of an organism. Review of Genetic Terminologies In our given example, the gene controls height of peas. Review of Genetic Terminologies Also, note that genes occur in pairs. Thus, a pair of genes control a particular characteristic. Review of Genetic Terminologies How about this gene pair? What does it control? Review of Genetic Terminologies How about this gene pair? What does it control? The highlighted gene controls seed shape in peas. Review of Genetic Terminologies Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene. Review of Genetic Terminologies Genotype refers to the set of alleles possessed by an organism. Review of Genetic Terminologies The genotype is homozygous if the alleles are identical. Review of Genetic Terminologies The genotype is heterozygous if the alleles are different. Review of Genetic Terminologies Let’s say that the given chromosomes give rise to the following observable traits: Tall Round-seeded Review of Genetic Terminologies Let’s say that the given chromosomes give rise to the following observable traits: Tall Round-seeded Phenotypes refer to the actual manifestation of genotypes into observable traits. Review of Genetic Terminologies If the phenotype for seed shape is round, then we can conclude that: Review of Genetic Terminologies If the phenotype for seed shape is round, then we can conclude that: The allele for round pea is the dominant allele. The allele for wrinkled pea is the recessive allele. Pea Plant Characters Gregor Mendel utilized seven characteristics of peas in his hybridization experiments. Each exists in two variants. 55  Check Your Understanding Provide what is asked in each of the following items. 1. What are the alleles produced by an individual with genotype NN? 2. What are the alleles produced by an individual with genotype Bb? 3. What are the alleles produced by an individual with genotype Mmnn? 56  Let’s Sum It Up! Genetics is the study of inheritance and variation in organisms. It has various subdisciplines. Transmission genetics is the one that is particularly concerned about the mechanisms or patterns of inheritance. 57  Let’s Sum It Up! Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics. He performed experiments on garden pea or Pisum sativum. This led him to formulate the laws of inheritance in his publication, Experiments on Plant Hybrids. 58  Let’s Sum It Up! Different genes control the expression of the characteristics of organisms. Each gene exists in alternative forms called alleles. 59  Let’s Sum It Up! Transmission genetics serves as the pioneer field in genetics. 60 Let’s Sum It Up! 61