Gastrointestinal +resbiratory PDF
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Al-Quds University
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Summary
This document provides an overview of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. It details different types of infections, including their symptoms, causes, and methods for diagnosis and treatment. Topics covered include normal flora, pathways of infection, diagnostic and laboratory tests, as well as specimen collection and reporting.
Full Transcript
Gastrointestinal Tract Chapter 34 Introductio n Esophagus Stomach Small intestines duodenum, jejunum, ileum Large intestines cecum, colon, rectum Anus Introduction Term s Gastritis inflammation of stomach Gastroenter...
Gastrointestinal Tract Chapter 34 Introductio n Esophagus Stomach Small intestines duodenum, jejunum, ileum Large intestines cecum, colon, rectum Anus Introduction Term s Gastritis inflammation of stomach Gastroenteritis inflammation of stomach and intestines Enterocolitis inflammation of small and large intestines Term s Diarrhea abnormal increase in number of bowl movement loose to liquid stool Dysentery diarrhea with cramping abdominal pain Proctitis inflammation of rectal mucosa N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, T. pallidum Normal Flora 80% of the dry weight of feces is bacteria Normal flora prevents colonization of pathogens anaerobic bacilli (Bacteroides spp.) GN enteric bacilli Enterococci Streptococci S. aureus Yeast (Candida) Non-Inflammatory Diarrhea Bacterial toxin or enterotoxin Results in outpouring of electrolytes and fluid or watery stool Afebrile with watery, large-volume stool NO PMN, blood, mucous Non-Inflammatory Diarrhea V. cholerae Enterotoxigenic E. coli Bacteroides spp. Viruses Giardia lamblia Cyclospora Cryptosporidium Inflammatory Diarrhea Organisms invade intestinal mucosa Cytotoxins destroy intestinal cells (raw) Fever with loose, small-volume stool Fecal specimen contain PMN, blood, mucous Inflammatory Diarrhea Salmonella spp. Shigella spp. Y. enterocolitica Campylobacter spp. Enteroinvasive E. coli Clostridium difficile Enterotoxin-Mediated Diarrhea Ingestion of food containing toxin Rapid onset (
