G8 3rd Quarter English Reviewer PDF

English Reviewer Quarter 3 Legend: Orange highlight - Lessons Bold text - Topics Italicized text - Examples and definitions Underlined text - Important (Hindi na highlights, masyado kasing kinukuha ang oras. 🙏) Lesson 1: Examining Biases Made by the Author Bias in Writing -​ Prejudice again...

English Reviewer Quarter 3 Legend: Orange highlight - Lessons Bold text - Topics Italicized text - Examples and definitions Underlined text - Important (Hindi na highlights, masyado kasing kinukuha ang oras. 🙏) Lesson 1: Examining Biases Made by the Author Bias in Writing -​ Prejudice against something. -​ Favoritism for something. -​ An author letting feelings or emotions cloud his/her objectivity with regard to something he/she is writing about. Biased Writing ​ Subjective -​ Unfair presentation -​ Focuses on one side Unbiased Writing ​ Objective -​ Fair presentation -​ Focuses on both sides When does an author become biased? -​ Persuades the reader to believe in his/her stand. -​ Giving inaccurate information that can mislead the reader with or without information. How to Determine an Author's Biases: 1.​ Understand his/her underlying purpose, look at the use of evidence and diction. 2.​ Evidence - Form of facts, information, testimonies, direct observations, scientific and legal findings, anecdotes and philosophical evidence. 3.​ Diction - Words or expressions that help convey the stand of the author towards an issue. -​ Positive or negative connotation. Recognizing Bias 1.​ Loaded Words -​ Words that are charged with emotion.  -​ Connotations: suggested meaning of words based on emotion. 2.​ Stereotypes -​ Characteristics imposed upon group of people ⁠→ Oversimplification of the groups involved. -​ If the author labels an entire group, it's probably biased. 3.​ Vague Language -​ Not using specific language -​ No reasons -​ Unclear 4.​ One-sided Arguments -​ Presents only one side 5.​ Facts and Opinions Fact: proved to be right; evidence Opinion: person’s belief, feeling or judgement -​ Cannot be proven -​ Subjective or judgemental Lesson 2: Propaganda Techniques Propaganda -​ A media that uses carefully crafted messages to manipulate people's actions and beliefs. ​ To influence ​ To dictate ​ To entertain ​ To persuade The ability to spot propaganda will: -​ Make you a more crucial reader. -​ Effectively separate information from a persuasive agenda. Propaganda/Persuasive Techniques 1.​ Name Calling -​ Giving the person or an idea a bad label to reject or condemn the person or idea without examining what the label really means. -​ Puts the other party down. 2.​ Glittering Generalities  -​ Uses strong and positive words. 3.​ Transfer -​ When a symbol that carries respect, authority, or prestige is used with an argument or an idea. -​ To transfer prestige of a positive symbol to a person or an idea. 4.​ Testimonial -​ When a respected celebrity (or someone generally hated) claims that an idea or product is good (or bad). 5.​ Plain Folks -​ A speaker convinces an idea is good because it is the same idea of most people like yourself. 6.​ Bandwagon -​ “Everyone else is doing it, and so should you!” 7.​ Scapegoat -​ Transfers the blame to one person or group without investigating the complexities of the issue. Who uses propaganda? -​ Military -​ Media -​ Advertisers -​ Politicians -​ You and I (People) Lesson 3: Language Styles 1.​ Tagline -​ Short but permanent -​ Easy to remember -​ Commonly found in glittering generalities 2.​ Slogan -​ Short but temporary, for the purpose of a marketing strategy. 3.​ Pun Words -​ Fun, also effective and striking if the play of words is clever and artistic.  4.​ Statistics -​ Anything involving numbers. Lesson 4: Analyzing Literature as Shared Heritage of People With Diverse Backgrounds Elements of a Story 1.​ Setting -​ The time and place in which the story happens. 2.​ Character -​ A person or sometimes an animal who takes part in the action Two types: ​ Protagonist - usually the good guy ​ Antagonist - usually the bad guy 3.​ Conflict -​ The problem or struggle Two types: ​ Internal -​ Troubles within the body and mind. -​ Man vs. Self ​ External -​ Problems/struggles outside the main character. -​ Man vs. Man, Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Society and Man vs. Supernatural 4.​ Theme -​ Main idea -​ Statement about a topic -​ Not to be confused with topic 5.​ Plot -​ Main events that is presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence. Five parts: a.​ Exposition -​ Beginning -​ Where characters and setting are introduced. b.​ Rising action -​ The main character faces series of conflicts. c.​ Climax  -​ The most exciting part. d.​ Falling action -​ Events leading to the story -​ Conflict slowly getting fixed e.​ Resolution -​ End of story Lesson 5: Using Appropriate Cohesive Devices in Various Types of Speech Cohesion -​ The way a text is linked together and makes sense. -​ Makes the message more clear. Cohesive Devices -​ Are words or phrases that show relationship between paragraphs or sections of a text or speech. -​ Sometimes called linking words, linkers, connectors, discourse markers or transition words. Types of Cohesive Devices ​ Pointers -​ Words and ideas that are repeated in a paragraph. 1.​ Synonyms (e.g. big and large) 2.​ Pronouns (e.g. it, she, he, they) 3.​ Variations (e.g baseball game, ball game) 4.​ Repetition of phrases or grammatical structures. ​ Transition Words -​ Words/phrases that indicate changes and links. 1.​ Conjunctions - most basic way to connect parts of a text together. 2.​ Adverbial Conjunctions - Complex cohesive devices. -​ Also known as transitional tags. -​ Can be divided into several groups. Types of Speech 1.​ Entertaining Speech -​ To amuse the audience and to entertain. -​ Less formal -​ Most common  2.​ Informative Speech -​ Conveying information accurately. -​ Facts, studies and statistics. -​ Don't use the help of visual aids. 3.​ Demonstrative Speech -​ Demonstrates how something works/how to do a certain thing. -​ Uses visual aids and/or physical demonstration. 4.​ Persuasive Speech -​ The speaker tried to prove why his/her point of view is right. -​ Convince the audience to embrace that point of view. -​ Either be logical by using facts or evidence. (Like lawyers) Lesson 6: Using Parallel Structures Parallelism/Parallel Structure/ Parallel Construction -​ Using a similar pattern of words, clauses, phrases, sentence structure or other grammatical elements to show that two or more ideas are of equal importance. -​ Words and phrases should also match in tense. -​ Adds clarity to writing -​ Easier to understand -​ Writing is structurally and grammatically correct. Rules in Parallel Structures Use parallel structure with elements joined by coordinating conjunctions. (FANBOYS) for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Correct example: I will not sing a song, nor will I dance. Incorrect example: I will not sing a song, nor dance. A.​ Gerunds (Words ending with -ing) Correct example: Joe likes running, walking and being active. Incorrect example: Joe likes running, walking and outdoor activities. With Adverbs Correct example: The production manager writes his report quickly, accurately and thoroughly. Incorrect example: The production manager writes his report quickly, accurately and in a detailed manner With verbs (Uses tenses) Correct example: The teacher said that he was a horrible student because he lacked motivation and missed a lot of activities. Incorrect example: The teacher said that he was a horrible student because he has low motivation and missed a lot of activities. B.​ Parallel Structure with Clauses ​ Clause -​ group of words that has both a subject and a predicate. -​ A parallel structure that begins with a clause must keep on with clauses Correct example: The teacher told them that they need to study and that they should practice their words every night. Incorrect example: The teacher told them to study and that they should practice their words every night. (This sentence should either include “that they” in both sentences or it should include the word “said” between “that” and “they.”) 1.​ In a list or in a series ​ Series -​ group of three or more elements in a row. -​ The last element in the series is connected with one of these coordinating conjunctions: and, or, but(not), or yet(not) ​ Colons -​ When you have items on a list following a colon, the items should all be in the same form. 2.​ Comparing and Contrasting 3.​ Elements joined by a linking verb, and verb of being  ​ Infinitives (to + verb) 4.​ Elements joined by a correlative Conjunction (Either, or, neither, nor, not only, but also)