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10 Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Mountain Ranges Science – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the...
10 Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Mountain Ranges Science – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Napoleon F. Rabang Editors: Name Reviewers: Name Illustrator: Andrei R. Membrere Layout Artist: Name Management Team: Name of Regional Director Name of CLMD Chief Name of Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS Name of Regional ADM Coordinator Name of CID Chief Name of Division EPS In Charge of LRMS Name of Division ADM Coordinator Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region 1 Division of Pangasinan II Office Address: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Telefax: ____________________________________________ E-mail Address: ____________________________________________ 10 Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Mountain Ranges Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 1 on Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Mountain Ranges. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. 2 For the learner: Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 1 on Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Mountain Ranges. The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. 3 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module, you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! 4 What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module will discuss the following: Distribution of Volcanoes: Distribution of Earthquake Epicenters Distribution of Mountain Ranges Finding the hypothetical earthquake epicenter After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe the distribution of volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts; S9ES-Ia-j-36.1 2. explain the relationship among the location of active volcanoes, mountain ranges and earthquake epicenters; S9ES-Ia-j-36.1 3. demonstrate ways to ensure disaster preparedness during earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. S9ES-Ia-j-36.1 What I Know MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. When two tectonic plates collide, why does ocean crust usually subducts beneath the continental crust? Because ocean crust is A. denser than the continental crust. C. thicker than continental crust. B. less dense than continental crust. D. thinner than continental crust. 2. If you visit a place in the Pacific known to be along converging plates, which should you NOT expect to see? A. active volcanoes C. rift valley B. mountain ranges D. trench 3. You are an oceanographer and want to map the ocean floor on the east 5 coast of the Philippines. As you do your study, you notice that there is a portion in the ocean floor which is relatively much deeper than the rest. What is most likely that deeper part? A. linear Ocean C. rift valley B. oceanic ridge D. trench 4. What do you expect to find at a mid-ocean ridge? A. reverse fault C. relatively young rocks B. very ancient rocks D. thick accumulation of sediments 4. Crustal plate A is moving away from crustal plate B. What is the expected average rate of change in position between A and B? The average rate of change in position is a few A. millimeters per century. C. meters per month. B. millimeters per day. D. few centimeters per year. 5. Which plate boundary is formed between the Philippine plate and Eurasian plate? A. convergent plate boundary C. reverse fault B. divergent plate boundary D. transform fault boundary 7. Which is FALSE about the lithospheric plates? Lithospheric plates A. have the same thickness everywhere. B. include the crust and upper mantle. C. are thickest in the mountain regions. D. vary in thickness. 8.Which is NOT true about the Philippine Islands? Philippine Islands are mostly A. part of the Philippine Mobile Belt, except for Palawan, Mindoro and Zamboanga. B. formed because of the convergence of the Philippine plate and the Pacific plate. C. found to have originated geologically in an oceanic-oceanic convergence. D. products of subduction process. 9. Where is a divergent continental to continental boundary found? A. Africa C. Antarctica B. America D. Asia 10. What happens during the divergent continental to continental boundary? The plates A. slide horizontally past each other. B. pull apart from each other. C. slide under another. D. do not move. 6 11. What is NOT an effect of divergent continental to continental boundary? A. earthquake C. flood B. fault D. volcano 12. In relation to # 11, How many plates are involved in a divergent continental to continental boundary? A. 1 C. 3 B. 2 D. 5 13. In which part of the earth’s interior does Plate Tectonics occurs? A. crust C. inner core B. mantle D. outer core 14. What is formed between the subducted portion of two oceanic plates? A. ridge C. trench B. rift valley D. volcano 15. What will be formed when two continental crusts collide? A. island arc C. trenches B. mountain ranges D. volcanoes 7 Earth and Space: Volcanoes, Lesson Earthquakes, Mountain 1 Ranges and Earthquake Epicenter What’s In The Philippines as we know it, is at the Pacific Ring of Fire that is why we experience many disasters caused by volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. These topics were all discussed in grade 8 and 9 science. Do you still recall the discussion during your Grade 6, 8 and 9 about volcanoes, mountains and earthquakes? In relation to our lesson, important words are necessary in connection to this module. Below are variety of activities you can do to remember things about volcanoes, mountains and earthquakes. Part 1. WORD SEARCH PUZZLE: Find and encircle the words related to volcanoes. The words are listed below. 8 Caldera Lava Ring of Fire Composite Magma Silica Crater Phivolcs Viscosity Geothermal Phreatomagmatic Volcano Inactive Pinatubo Vulcanian Part 2-Direction: Match the terms in COLUMN A with their descriptions in COLUMN B. Write the letter of your answer. Column A Column B 1. Volcanic Mountain a. These are created when two or more of Earth's tectonic plates are pushed together. 2. Ranges b. It is a narrow valley between hills or mountains, typically with steep rocky walls. 3. Plateau Mountain c. It happens when the magma finds its way to the surface, it erupts as lava, rock, ash and volcanic gases are formed. 4. Fold Mountain d. It is a divergent or constructive plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. 5. Peak or Summit e. These have flat tops or slightly sloping surfaces and they have steep sides and they are associated with rift valleys. 6. Andes Mountain f. It is an area of a highland, usually consisting of relatively flat terrain, that is raised significantly above the surrounding area. 7. Block Mountain g. These are the result of a great amount of melted rock (magma) pushing its way up under the earth crust. 8. Gorges h. It is the highest point of a hill or mountain. 9. Mid-Altantic Ridge i. It is a group or chain of mountains located close together. 10. Dome Mountain j. It is the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. 9 Part 3 – Direction. In relation to earthquakes, guess the word by arranging the jumbled letters. Write your answer on the space provided. 1. ____________________________ 6.____________________________ ORMNAL DUNTIMAGE An inclined fault in which the hanging Measures the relative size of an wall has slipped down relative to the earthquake or the maximum motion foot wall. recorded by a seismograph. 2. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________ DASYCONER I N C O T E CT S A type of seismic waves that can travel A theory which describes the relatively only on solid. rigid plates that constitute the Earth’s outer shell interact with each other. 3. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________ ARSIDU RAYPRIM The distance from the center outward A type of seismic wave that can travel or the half of a diameter. through solid, liquid and gas. 4. ____________________________ 9. ____________________________ PERCENTIE SCOUF The part of the Earth’s surface directly A point within the earth wherein an above the focus of an earthquake. earthquake rupture starts. The epicenter is above it. 5. ____________________________ 10. ____________________________ GLOSSIOMEY GOOGLEY A branch of science that deals with the The science that deals with the dynamics study of earthquakes and physical history of the earth, its chemical and biological changes that the earth has undergone or is undergoing. What’s New Let’s Mark Boundaries! What you need: ✓ Map of earthquake epicenters of the world ✓ Map of active volcanoes of the world ✓ Map of mountain ranges of the world ✓ 3 pieces of onion skin bond paper (cut the same size as the map given in this activity) ✓ Marking pens (3 different colors) 10 What you have to do: a. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. b. Take a look and study the distribution of earthquake epicenters on the map by tracing it using the 1st onion skin bond paper and a marking pen. Take note of their distribution. Earthquake Epicenters Map of the World Continents with frequent earthquakes 1. ________________________ 4. ________________________ 2. ________________________ 5. ________________________ 3. ________________________ 6. Look and study closely the earthquake epicenters map, where are the earthquakes located and distributed in each continent? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5 4 3 2 1 Correct Correct Correct Correct Made an answer in a answer in a answer in a answer but effort to sentence sentence sentence not in a answer but with 2 or with 1 with no sentence not correct more supporting supporting supporting details for details details for the answer the answer 11 c. Take a look and study the distribution of active volcanoes on the map by tracing it using the 2nd onion skin bond paper and a marking pen. Take note of their distribution. Active Volcanoes Map of the World Continents with active volcanoes 1. ________________________ 4. ________________________ 2. ________________________ 5. ________________________ 3. ________________________ 6. Look and study closely the volcano map, where are the volcanoes located and distributed in each continent? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 5 4 3 2 1 Correct Correct Correct Correct Made an effort answer in a answer in a answer in a answer but to answer but sentence with sentence with sentence with not in a not correct 2 or more 1 supporting no supporting sentence supporting details for the details details for the answer answer 12 d. Take a look and study the distribution of major mountain belts on the map by tracing it using the 3rd onion skin bond paper and a marking pen. Take note of their distribution. Mountain Ranges Map of the World Continents with mountain ranges 1. ________________________ 4. ________________________ 2. ________________________ 5. ________________________ 3. ________________________ 6. Look and study closely the mountain ranges map, where are the mountain ranges located and distributed in each continent? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5 4 3 2 1 Correct Correct Correct Correct Made an answer in a answer in a answer in a answer but effort to sentence with sentence sentence not in a answer but 2 or more with 1 with no sentence not correct supporting supporting supporting details for the details for details answer the answer e. Bring altogether the 3 traced maps over each other and place them on a bright light (cellphone light). Study and observe the 3 traced maps. 13 1. How do you compare the locations of majority of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes and major mountain belts? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. How will you relate the distribution of majority of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes and major mountain belts? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5 4 3 2 1 Correct Correct Correct Correct Made an answer in a answer in a answer in a answer but effort to sentence with sentence sentence not in a answer 2 or more with 1 with no sentence but not supporting supporting supporting correct details for the details for details answer the answer f. Now that you have known the locations of active volcanoes, major mountain belts and earthquake epicenters, study this map. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics#/media/File:Plates_tect2_en.svg Map of Plate Boundaries 14 3. What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing the Earth’s lithosphere into several plates? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5 4 3 2 1 Correct answer Correct answer Correct answer Correct answer Made an effort in a sentence in a sentence in a sentence but not in a to answer but with 2 or more with 1 with no sentence not correct supporting supporting supporting details for the details for the details answer answer What is It What did you observe in the previous activities? Are the distribution and location of the earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes and major mountain belts relative to each other? Situated in the same place? Have you ever wondered and thought why this happens? Different areas on Earth most likely to have earthquakes, mountain ranges and active volcanoes are marked as boundaries of lithospheric plates as shown in the map of plate boundaries. Thus, the Earth’s lithosphere is constantly moving in slow pace causing geologic events and activities that happens along the plate boundaries. These boundaries either move close together, move apart or slide pass each other producing earthquakes, mountains and volcanoes. What’s More Earthquakes are the result of the plate boundaries moving in different directions either toward each other, apart from each other or slide passing each other. Therefore, an earthquake is a vibration of the earth produced by the rapid release of energy caused by movement of the earth’s lithosphere. This energy travels in all directions in the form of waves called seismic waves that are recorded in seismographs. 15 Massive changes happen through these movements from moving apart, there are formations of rift valleys, faults and earthquakes while moving towards each other, there are earthquakes, volcanoes and even tsunamis when it happens underwater and lastly when plate boundaries move pass sliding each other can cause devastating earthquakes. As you can see in the Epicenter Map of the World, our country experience numerous earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Have you ever wondered how scientists locate the earthquake epicenter around the world? Let’s try to find out! Direction: 1. Locate the epicenter of an earthquake using the triangulation 𝒕𝒅 method. Using the formula: d = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒎. Compute for the distance. 𝟖 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔 Where: d = distance in km Td = time difference in the interval of P-wave and S-wave (sec) Figure 1. Map of the Philippine s- scale (1.5 cm : 200 km) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBss68oBmmk 16 2. This formula is suited because 8 seconds is the interval between the times of arrival of the P-wave and S-wave at a distance of 100 km. Compute the distance. (cm) Time difference in the arrival Distance of time of P-wave and S-wave epicenter from the Recording station (seconds) station (km) Batangas 44.8 sec a. _____ km Puerto Princesa 32 sec b. _____ km Davao 38.4 sec c. _____ km 3. To compute for the distance on the map, multiply the computed distance of epicenter from the station (km) by the scale of 1.5 cm then divide the product by 200km. How to compute the distance Computed on the map (cm) Distance on the Recording station map (cm) Batangas Distance of epicenter from station d. _____ cm (km) x(1.5cm/200km) Puerto Princesa Distance of epicenter from station e. _____ cm (km) x(1.5cm/200km) Davao Distance of epicenter from station f. _____ cm (km) x(1.5cm/200km) 4. Measure the distance of each of the computed scale (cm) using the ruler to a drawing compass. Center your compass on the station you have chosen. Draw a circle. For the improvised compass, tie on the tip of a toothpick at one end of a ruler with a rubber band, from the toothpick measure the computed distance (cm) on the ruler and place a pencil tied up with a rubber band and use it as a drawing compass. Center your compass on the station you have chosen. Draw a circle. Do the same for the other 2 computed scales. Guide Questions: g. Where is the epicenter of this hypothetical earthquake? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ h. What difficulty will you encounter if you only have data from two recording stations? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17 What I Have Learned i. What do you think is the importance of determining the epicenter of an earthquake? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5 4 3 2 1 Correct answer Correct Correct Correct Made an effort in a sentence answer in a answer in a answer but to answer but with 2 or more sentence with sentence with not in a not correct supporting 1 supporting no supporting sentence details for the details for the details answer answer Let’s summarize what you have learned from the lesson. Choose and encircle the correct answer from the underlined words. 1-3. The crust and a part of the upper mantle makes up the (continent, lithosphere). It is subdivided into portions called plates. (Continents, Plates) are large pieces of the upper few hundred kilometers of Earth that move as a single unit as it (floats, moves) above the mantle. 4-5. There are two kinds of crust: (Continental, Crustal) plates which is thicker but less dense, and Oceanic plates which are thinner but (compact, denser). 6-8. Plate Tectonics is a (law, theory) which suggests that Earth’s crust is made up of plates that constantly (move, rotate) and interact in various ways, thus, producing earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes, and other (geologic, land) features. 9. The plate that pushes the Philippine Plate towards the (Eurasian, Indo- Australian) plate is the Pacific Plate. 10-12. The world’s earthquakes, (eruptions, volcanoes), and mountain ranges are not randomly distributed over the Earth’s surface. They are both situated at the same (location, place) near the (center, edge) of the continents. 13-15. Geologic activities such as (ethnicity, seismicity) or the occurrence of earthquake, (extravasation, volcanism), and mountain formations are the (bases, reasons) of scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere. 18 What I Can Do In time of disaster caused by an earthquake, how prepared are you for an imminent danger that might happen? Make an essay of things to do and prepare before, during and after an earthquake. Rubrics for Essay Category 5 4 3 2 1 Ideas- The essay is The essay is The essay is The essay is The essay Use of fully consistently sufficiently minimally shows little or details focused and focused and focused and focused. The no focus and contains contains provided the ideas are and contains a ample ideas some ideas examples are unclear, sense of wealth of and and vague or irrelevant, or complete ideas and examples. examples. general and repetitive. The ness examples. the response response is demonstrates incomplete or minimal too brief. awareness. Conventi demonstrat demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates lacks on- ed full knowledge of sufficient minimal understanding Sentence command of the control of the control of the of the the conventions conventions conventions of conventions of formation conventions of written of written written written of written English. English. English. English. English Errors are Errors may Errors are Errors are language. minor and do interfere with frequent and pervasive. The No errors not interfere meaning, but interfere with response is are evident. with are not meaning. incomplete or meaning. distracting. too brief. 19 Assessment Direction: Read each item carefully, Write only the letter of the correct answer for each question. Use a separate sheet for your answer. 1. What geologic features result from this plate movement? A. earthquakes C. volcanic Eruptions B. formation of Mountain Ranges D. All of the above 2. In a hot spot, Volcano A is on top of the mantle plume, Volcano B is 10km father from A while Volcano C is the farthest. What can you infer about the ages of the volcanoes? A. Volcano A is older than C. C. Volcano B is the youngest. B. Volcano B is the oldest. D. Volcano B is younger than C. 3. Right in the middle of an island, you can find a rift valley. What type of plate boundary exists on that island? A. Convergent plate boundary C. Normal fault boundary B. Divergent plate boundary D. Transform fault boundary 4. Plates A and B shows a divergent boundary. If plate C is adjacent to both plates and does not show any relative motion, what type of plate boundary is represented between A and C? A B C B A. Convergent plate boundary C. Normal fault boundary B. Divergent plate boundary D. Transform fault boundary 5. What geologic event is most likely to happen at the given type of plate boundary in number 4? A. earthquake C. rift valley formation B. mountain formation D. volcanic eruption 6. You were asked to locate the epicenter of a recent earthquake. Which correct sequence of events should you follow? i. Use the triangulation method to locate the center. ii. Obtain data from three different seismological stations. iii. Determine the distance of the epicenter from the station. iv. Determine the difference in the arrival time of S and P waves recorded from each of the seismological stations. A. i, iii, ii, iv B. iv, ii, i, iii C. ii, iv, iii, ii D. iii, iv, i, ii 20 7. Which of these oceans has the ring of volcanoes around it? A. Artic C. Indian B. Atlantic D. Pacific 8. What do you expect to find parallel to a trench? A. hot spot C. rift valley B. ocean ridge D. volcanic arc 9. Which place does NOT experience volcanic activity? A. Australia C. Mexico B. Japan D. Philippines 10. Which famous Philippine volcano erupted violently in 1990? A. Bulusan C. Mayon B. Kanlaon D. Pinatubo 11. Look over on page 14 of your module the Map of Plate Boundaries, which among the plates is NOT in the Pacific Ring of Fire? A. Cocos C. Nasca B. Eurasian D. North American 12. How do you describe the location of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes and mountain belts? They are ______________. A. all over the place B. concentrated in one area C. clustered in different area D. situated in the same location 13. In a convergent plate boundary, how does the plate move? A. moving towards each other C. moving in different directions B. moving away from each other D. sliding and passing each other 14. On July 16, 1990 a massive earthquake hits Central Luzon with a magnitude of 7.8 causing billions worth of damages, trapping and burying people alive. Where in Central Luzon have been damaged the most? A. Baguio City C. Orani, Bataan B. Laoag, Ilocos Norte D. Urdaneta City 15. During an earthquake, what should you do? A. cover, hide and seek C. drop, cover and hold B. dive, dock and cover D. run, run fast 21 Additional Activities As we all know, the Philippines is a tropical country and it lies in the Pacific Ring of Fire and not all in the community we live in and family members know what to do in times of disaster that may strike the country. As a responsible citizen of the community where you belong, how can you contribute in the dissemination of information about disaster risk reduction management in your community? Use a separate sheet for your answer. Rubrics for Essay Category 5 4 3 2 1 Ideas- The essay is The essay is The essay is The essay is The essay Use of fully consistently sufficiently minimally shows little or details focused and focused and focused and focused. The no focus and contains contains provided the ideas are and contains a ample ideas some ideas examples are unclear, sense of wealth of and and vague or irrelevant, or complete ideas and examples. examples. general and repetitive. The ness examples. the response response is demonstrates incomplete or minimal too brief. awareness. Cont. of the rubrics for essay Conventi demonstrat demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates lacks on- es full knowledge of sufficient minimal understanding Sentence command of the control of the control of the of the the conventions conventions conventions of conventions of formation conventions of written of written written written of written English. English. English. English. English Errors are Errors may Errors are Errors are language. minor and do interfere with frequent and pervasive. The No errors not interfere meaning, but interfere with response is are evident. with are not meaning. incomplete or meaning. distracting. too brief. 22 23 Assess What I Have ment Learned 1. D 2. D What’s More 1. Lithosphere 3. B 2. Plates a. 560 km 3. Floats 4. D b. 400 km 4. Continental 5. A c. 480 km 5. Denser 6. C d. 4.2 cm 6. Theory 7. D e. 3 cm 7. Move 8. D f. 3.6 cm 8. Geologic 9. A g. Cebu 9. Eurasian 10. D h. (Refer to 11. B 10.Volcanoes rubrics for 11. Location 12. D short 12. Edges 13. B answer) 13. Seismicity 14. A i. (Refer to 14. Volcanism 15. C rubrics for 15. Basis short What I Let’s Make Boundaries What I Can Do Know b.1. Asia 2. North Refers to rubrics for 1. A America 3.South essay 2. B America 4.Europe 3. D 5.Africa(Refer to rubrics Part 2 4. C for short answer) 5. D Part 3 c.1. Asia 2. North 1. C 6. A 1. Normal 2. I 7. A America 3.South 2. Secondary America 4.Europe 3. F 8. B 3. Radius 4. A 9. A 5.Africa(Refer to rubrics 4. Epicenter 5. H 10.B for short answer) 5. Seismology 6. J 11.C 6. Magnitude 7. E 12.B d.1. Asia 2. North 7. Tectonics 8. B 13.A America 3.South 8. Primary 9. D 14.C America 4.Europe 9. Focus 10. G 15.B 5.Africa(Refer to rubrics 10.Geology for short answer) Answer Key Rubric for short answer 5 4 3 2 1 Correct Correct Correct Correct Made an answer in a answer in a answer in a answer but effort to sentence sentence sentence not in a answer but with 2 or with 1 with no sentence not correct more supporting supporting supporting details for details details for the answer the answer Rubric for essay Category 5 4 3 2 1 Ideas- The essay is The essay The essay The essay is The essay shows Use of fully focused is is minimally little or no focus details and contains consistentl sufficiently focused. and the ideas are y focused focused The provided unclear, and a wealth of and and examples irrelevant, or sense ideas and contains contains are vague or repetitive. The of examples. ample some ideas general and response is comple ideas and and the response incomplete or too teness examples. examples. demonstrate brief. s minimal awareness. Conve demonstrate demonstra demonstrat demonstrate lacks ntion- s full tes es s minimal understanding of Senten command of knowledge sufficient control of the conventions the of the control of the of written ce conventions convention the conventions English. Errors formati of written s of convention of written are pervasive. on English written s of written English. The response is language. English. English. Errors are incomplete or too No errors Errors are Errors may frequent and brief. are evident. minor and interfere interfere do not with with interfere meaning, meaning. with but are not meaning. distracting. 24 References Images: Electronic Sources Retrieved From : http://planetolog.com/map-world-detail.php?type=TEC&id=1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics#/media/File:Plates_tect2_en.svg https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/philippines-political-map.htm https://www.thoughtco.com/map-of-tectonic-plates-and-their-boundaries-1441098 https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/167169/view/earthquake-distribution-map http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/locating.html Reading Materials: LM – Science 9- 3rd quarter Module 1- Volcano LM- Science 10 – 1st quarter Module 1- Plate Tectonics pp.8-14 Electronic Sources: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/earth/surface-of-the- earth/mountains/ http://primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/mountains/types.htm https://www.google.com/search?q=normal+fault+definition&rlz=1C1ASVC_enPH90 3PH903&oq=normal+fault&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l7.4655j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie= UTF-8 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epicenter https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=hypocenter#:~:text=The%20hyp ocenter%20is%20the%20point,Also%20commonly%20termed%20the%20focus. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=magnitude#:~:text=The%20mag nitude%20is%20a%20number,motion%20recorded%20by%20a%20seismograph. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/geology http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/locating.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_formation Videos: Electronic Sources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ljHqsY_U_4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=694yaY2ylTg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBss68oBmmk Philippine Map drawing and colored Volcano Map, Earthquake Epicenter Map, Mountain Ranges Map: Andrei R. Membrere 25 SCIENCE 10 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET QUARTER 1-MODULE 1: VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKE AND MOUNTAIN RANGES Name:________________________________________ Date:_______________________ Grade/Section:_______________________________ Score:______________________ Part 1-Direction: Given the hint, write the correct word in the crossword puzzle. Crossword 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Across: Down: wave that can travel through measures the strength of shaking 3 solid particles only 1 produced by an earthquake at a certain location a point on the earth surface 4 just above the focus of an wave that can travel through solid, 2 earthquake liquid and gas wave that travels only on the measures the energy released at the 6 5 surface of the earth source of an earthquake a harbor wave caused by a break in a rock along which 7 9 movement of underwater movement has occurred earthquakes a vibration of the earth due to rapid 8 an earthquake type wherein release of energy 10 85% of its energy is released by it. 26 Part 2- Direction: Read the paragraphs and fill in the following sentences that follows. Our country is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire wherein we experience a lot of earthquakes and it nestled many volcanoes. According to PHIVOLCS, there are more than a hundred volcanoes in the Philippines of which 23 are active and the rest are inactive. Mayon, Taal, Pinatubo and Kanlaon are known to be active. To scientists, volcanoes are made because of what is happening inside the earth wherein the magma has high temperature and produces gases which are trapped inside, building up pressure causing the molten materials to swell and bursting up into the surface. The spewed materials are called lava which are made up of silicates, broken rocks, fine ashes and dusts. The factors that determine its eruption can be by magma’s temperature, chemical composition and amount of dissolved gases in it. These factors affect the viscosity of the magma. Viscosity is a property of material that resist flow so it depends upon the thickness and stickiness of magma. For instance, syrup is more viscous than water. High temperature makes the magma less viscous. Secondly the chemical composition, less silicate makes it more fluid and the amount of gases like water vapor dissolved in magma makes it less viscous which made the magma flows. A volcano usually has a summit, slopes and base. At the summit there is an opening called the crater, others have caldera. Some volcanoes have a single crater, others have many craters like Taal volcano which has 47 craters. Mayon has slopes almost perfect cone in shape. Volcanoes affect human lives and environment as well. It has good and bad effects. On the negative side, lava flows can destroy everything that comes along their way such as loss of lives of plants, animals, and humans. Houses and building structures are buried and washed away while on the positive side, it can alter climate like the Pinatubo eruption. It affects the global temperature by cooling the atmosphere for almost two years. Lands become for fertile suited for farming others used ashfall for handicrafts. Lastly, it is used as geothermal source of energy in terms of electricity, hot steam coming from inside of the earth were used to spin turbine which in turn produces electricity. What the government concern is how to minimize the negative effects of volcanic eruptions. 27 Fill in the blanks: The Philippine archipelago lies in __________________________wherein many volcanoes are located. ________________, ________________, ______________ and ________________ were the most active one. PHIVOLCS stands for ___________________________________________as our premiere government office responsible for the monitoring of volcanic activities in the country. The scientist that studies volcanic activities are called __________________. There are ___________ active volcanoes in the country. The magma is made up primarily of _______________, broken rocks, gases, ashes and dusts. There are many factors affect the viscosity of the magma, one of which is ____________ temperature causing the magna to become less viscous. The summit of a volcano has a _______________or _____________ as the mouth of the volcano. Mayon has almost a _______________ cone slopes. ______________flows can be very destructive. Volcanoes also benefit humans such agriculture, handicraft and ______________________source of energy in term of electricity. 28
