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Fundamentals of Computing I Introduction to Computer Programming Perlyn Mae R. Dilla Department of Mathematics and Statistics Polytechnic University of the...

Fundamentals of Computing I Introduction to Computer Programming Perlyn Mae R. Dilla Department of Mathematics and Statistics Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 1/24  Modern Computer Basic Components of a Computer System Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 2/24 What is a Computer? Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 3/24 What is a Computer? Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 4/24 What is a Computer? Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 5/24 Key Elements A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 6/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates information A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 7/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates information A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 7/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates information A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 8/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and information manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” ▶ under the control of changeable program Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 9/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and information manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” ▶ under the control of changeable Computer programs program Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 9/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and information manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” ▶ under the control of changeable Computer programs are detailed, step by step sets of instructions telling program the computer exactly what to do. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 9/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and information manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” ▶ under the control of changeable Computer programs are detailed, step by step sets of instructions telling program the computer exactly what to do. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 9/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and information manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” ▶ under the control of changeable Computer programs are detailed, step by step sets of instructions telling program the computer exactly what to do. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 10/24 Key Elements ▶ manipulates A modern computer can be defined as ”a machine that stores and information manipulates information under the control of a changeable program.” ▶ under the control of changeable Computer programs are detailed, step by step sets of instructions telling program the computer exactly what to do. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 11/24 Components of a Com- puter System Typical Components of a Computer System Hardware refers to all of the physical devices, or components, that a Polytechnic University of the Philippines computer is made of. Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 12/24 Components of a Com- puter System ▶ CPU Typical Components of a Computer System ▶ Main Memory ▶ Secondary Memory ▶ Input Devices ▶ Output Devices Hardware refers to all of the physical devices, or components, that a Polytechnic University of the Philippines computer is made of. Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 13/24 CPU CPU (Central Processing Unit) ▶ brain ▶ The part of the computer that actually runs programs. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 14/24 CPU ▶ brain CPU (Central Processing Unit) ▶ fetch-decode- ▶ The part of the computer that actually runs programs. execute ▶ It follows a process called the fetch-decode-execute cycle. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 15/24  CPU (Central Processing Unit) CPU ▶ The part of the computer that actually runs programs. ▶ brain ▶ fetch-decode- ▶ It follows a process called the fetch-decode-execute cycle. execute ▶ CPU can only understand a very low-level language known as machine ▶ machine language language. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 16/24  CPU (Central Processing Unit) CPU ▶ The part of the computer that actually runs programs. ▶ brain ▶ fetch-decode- ▶ It follows a process called the fetch-decode-execute cycle. execute ▶ CPU can only understand a very low-level language known as machine ▶ machine language language. The data’s binary structure is the reason for the CPU’s fast execution. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila machine language - very low-level language Department of Mathematics and Statistics - binary structure back next 16/24 Components of a Com- puter System ▶ Main Memory Main Memory (RAM for Random Access Memory) ▶ The memory where CPU can quickly access data. ▶ It is where the computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with. ▶ It is used for temporary storage while a program is running. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 17/24 Components of a Com- Main Memory (RAM for Random Access Memory) puter System ▶ The memory where CPU can quickly access data. ▶ Main Memory ▶ It is where the computer stores a program while the program is running, ▶ Secondary Memory as well as the data that the program is working with. ▶ It is used for temporary storage while a program is running. Secondary Memory It is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 18/24 Components of a Com- Main Memory (RAM for Random Access Memory) puter System ▶ The memory where CPU can quickly access data. ▶ Main Memory ▶ It is where the computer stores a program while the program is running, ▶ Secondary Memory as well as the data that the program is working with. ▶ It is used for temporary storage while a program is running. Secondary Memory It is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer. Examples are: ▶ Internal Hard Disk Drive ▶ Solid State Drive ▶ USB memory/ flash memory Polytechnic University of the Philippines ▶ DVDs (digital versatile discs) Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 18/24 Components of a Com- puter System ▶ Main Memory ▶ Secondary Memory Main and Secondary Memory Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 19/24 Components of a Com- puter System Input Devices Components that collect the data and sends it to the computer. ▶ Input Devices ▶ Output Devices Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 20/24 Components of a Com- puter System Input Devices Components that collect the data and sends it to the computer. ▶ Input Devices Examples are: ▶ Output Devices ▶ keyboard ▶ microphone ▶ disc drives and ▶ scanner optic waves ▶ digital camera ▶ mouse Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 20/24 Components of a Com- puter System Input Devices Components that collect the data and sends it to the computer. ▶ Input Devices Examples are: ▶ Output Devices ▶ keyboard ▶ microphone ▶ disc drives and ▶ scanner optic waves ▶ digital camera ▶ mouse Output Devices Components that produce data from the computer. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 20/24 Components of a Com- puter System Input Devices Components that collect the data and sends it to the computer. ▶ Input Devices Examples are: ▶ Output Devices ▶ keyboard ▶ microphone ▶ disc drives and ▶ scanner optic waves ▶ digital camera ▶ mouse Output Devices Components that produce data from the computer. Examples are: ▶ monitor(video screen) ▶ disk drivers and CD recorders ▶ printer Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 20/24 Software ▶ System Software ▶ Application Software Software ▶ It determines what the computer can do. ▶ It rules the hardware. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 21/24 Software ▶ System Software ▶ Application Software Software ▶ It determines what the computer can do. ▶ It rules the hardware. Two General Categories: System software provides the foundation for managing hardware resources, while application software is designed to meet the needs of end-users. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 21/24 Software Application Software ▶ System Software ▶ It consists of programs that execute based on user commands to ▶ Application perform specific tasks. These programs operate on the platform created Software by the system software. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 22/24 Software Application Software ▶ System Software ▶ It consists of programs that execute based on user commands to ▶ Application perform specific tasks. These programs operate on the platform created Software by the system software. ▶ Users interact directly with application software and can manually install it on their computers. However, application software cannot run without the support of the system software. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 22/24 Software Application Software ▶ System Software ▶ It consists of programs that execute based on user commands to ▶ Application perform specific tasks. These programs operate on the platform created Software by the system software. ▶ Users interact directly with application software and can manually install it on their computers. However, application software cannot run without the support of the system software. ▶ These are programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 22/24 Software Application Software ▶ System Software ▶ It consists of programs that execute based on user commands to ▶ Application perform specific tasks. These programs operate on the platform created Software by the system software. ▶ Users interact directly with application software and can manually install it on their computers. However, application software cannot run without the support of the system software. ▶ These are programs that make a computer useful for everyday tasks. Examples are: ▶ Microsoft Word, a word processing▶ spreadsheet programs program ▶ email programs ▶ Adobe Photoshop, an image ▶ web browsers Polytechnic University of the Philippines editing program ▶ game programs Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 22/24 System Software System Software ▶ Operating System The programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer. ▶ Utility System ▶ Software Development Tools Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 23/24 System Software System Software ▶ Operating System The programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer. Types of System Software ▶ Utility System 1. Operating System ▶ Software ▶ it controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware Development Tools ▶ manages all of the devices connected to the computer ▶ allows data to be saved to and retrieved from storage devices ▶ allows other programs to run on the computer Examples are: Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 23/24 System Software ▶ Operating System Types of System Software ▶ Utility System 2. Utility System It performs a specialized task that enhances the ▶ Software computer’s operation or safeguards data. Development Tools Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 24/24 System Software ▶ Operating System Types of System Software ▶ Utility System 2. Utility System It performs a specialized task that enhances the ▶ Software computer’s operation or safeguards data. Development Tools Examples are: ▶ virus scanners ▶ data backup programs ▶ file compression programs Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 24/24 System Software ▶ Operating System Types of System Software ▶ Utility System 2. Utility System It performs a specialized task that enhances the ▶ Software computer’s operation or safeguards data. Development Tools Examples are: ▶ virus scanners ▶ data backup programs ▶ file compression programs 3. Software Development Tools The programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 24/24 System Software ▶ Operating System Types of System Software ▶ Utility System 2. Utility System It performs a specialized task that enhances the ▶ Software computer’s operation or safeguards data. Development Tools Examples are: ▶ virus scanners ▶ data backup programs ▶ file compression programs 3. Software Development Tools The programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software. Examples are: Polytechnic University of the Philippines ▶ compilers ▶ interpreters Sta. Mesa, Manila Department of Mathematics and Statistics back next 24/24