FRHD Week5 Midterm MC Part 3 PDF

 **Which brain region is primarily associated with planning, decision-making, and self-regulation?** - A\) Occipital cortex - B\) Prefrontal cortex - C\) Amygdala - D\) Hippocampus\ **Answer:** B  **Cortical surface area, particularly in the temporal and frontal cortex, is importa...

 **Which brain region is primarily associated with planning, decision-making, and self-regulation?** - A\) Occipital cortex - B\) Prefrontal cortex - C\) Amygdala - D\) Hippocampus\ **Answer:** B  **Cortical surface area, particularly in the temporal and frontal cortex, is important for which cognitive functions?** - A\) Language processing and intelligence - B\) Gross motor skills - C\) Emotional regulation and empathy - D\) Sensory input and reflexes\ **Answer:** A  **Myelination of which part of the nervous system is complete by age 4?** - A\) Prefrontal cortex - B\) Hand-eye coordination pathways - C\) Motor cortex - D\) Auditory cortex\ **Answer:** B  **Which neurodevelopmental disorder affects motor coordination and often leads to difficulties with physical activities like handwriting or sports?** - A\) Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - B\) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - C\) Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) - D\) Dyslexia\ **Answer:** C  **Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) focuses on:** - A\) Implementing standardized testing to assess development - B\) Ensuring that learning activities are suitable for children's age and stage of development - C\) Creating a rigid curriculum for all children regardless of individual needs - D\) Emphasizing rote memorization over exploration\ **Answer:** B  **Which theory emphasizes children's development of self-regulation and verbal skills through play and hands-on experiences?** - A\) Montessori Approach - B\) Reggio Emilia Approach - C\) Direct Instruction Approach - D\) Authoritative Parenting\ **Answer:** B  **Children who develop secure attachments with their parents are more likely to:** - A\) Engage in risky behaviors in adolescence - B\) Have poor emotion regulation - C\) Use adaptive strategies to regulate sadness - D\) Develop insecure-ambivalent attachment\ **Answer:** C  **Which of Erikson's stages of development involves children becoming interested in how things work and mastering tasks?** - A\) Initiative vs. Guilt - B\) Industry vs. Inferiority - C\) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - D\) Trust vs. Mistrust\ **Answer:** B  **The theory that children's morality develops through social interaction and can be divided into moral, social conventional, and personal domains is:** - A\) Piaget's theory of moral development - B\) Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning - C\) Turiel's Social Domain Theory - D\) Vygotsky's Social Constructivist Theory\ **Answer:** C  **Autobiographical memory is linked to which type of attachment in children?** - A\) Insecure attachment - B\) Avoidant attachment - C\) Secure attachment - D\) Ambivalent attachment\ **Answer:** C  **According to research, early music lessons improve which aspects of brain development?** - A\) Grey matter volume - B\) Cortical surface area and brain connectivity - C\) Myelination in the motor cortex - D\) Emotional regulation\ **Answer:** B  **Which term describes children's ability to recognize and regulate their emotions in social contexts?** - A\) Emotional Intelligence - B\) Emotional Understanding - C\) Self-Efficacy - D\) Emotion Regulation\ **Answer:** D  **The Reggio Emilia approach emphasizes which of the following?** - A\) Structured, teacher-centered learning - B\) Play-based learning with minimal teacher interaction - C\) Collaborative exploration of topics in a community-based environment - D\) Focus on preparing children for standardized tests\ **Answer:** C  **Which moral reasoning stage focuses on abstract principles like justice and equality?** - A\) Preconventional reasoning - B\) Postconventional reasoning - C\) Conventional reasoning - D\) Heteronomous morality\ **Answer:** B  **Which aspect of physical development involves slow but consistent growth and increased muscle mass during middle childhood?** - A\) Sensorimotor development - B\) Growth rate during preschool - C\) Growth patterns in middle childhood - D\) Adolescent growth spurt\ **Answer:** C  **Research on socioeconomic status (SES) and brain development shows that low SES is linked to:** - A\) Reduced grey matter volume - B\) Accelerated myelination - C\) Increased intelligence scores - D\) Higher rates of secure attachment\ **Answer:** A  **Children from low-SES backgrounds tend to experience delays in which area of brain development?** - A\) Temporal lobe maturation - B\) Gross motor coordination - C\) Cortical surface area growth - D\) Implicit memory processing\ **Answer:** C  **Which of the following is true of sibling relationships in development?** - A\) They always lead to positive outcomes for children - B\) Sibling conflict can lead to externalizing behaviors - C\) Sibling relationships have no impact on social development - D\) Favoritism among siblings has no effect on behavior\ **Answer:** B  **What is the primary purpose of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP)?** - A\) Focus on rote memorization for academic success - B\) Provide age-appropriate learning experiences tailored to individual needs - C\) Emphasize standardized testing over creativity - D\) Ensure children reach cognitive milestones by a fixed age\ **Answer:** B  **Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the Reggio Emilia approach?** - A\) Children's learning through self-guided exploration - B\) Collaboration between children and teachers - C\) Strict teacher-centered instruction - D\) Focus on arts and creativity\ **Answer:** C  **A teacher observes that a child is better able to regulate their emotions and recover from disappointment when given time to reflect on their feelings. This is an example of:** - A\) Egocentrism - B\) Emotional regulation - C\) Divergent thinking - D\) Fine motor skill development\ **Answer:** B  **A child from a low-income family shows delayed brain development in areas related to memory and attention. Which factor is most likely contributing to this?** - A\) Excessive play - B\) Poverty-related stress and limited access to resources - C\) Advanced motor coordination - D\) Early exposure to structured environments\ **Answer:** B  **A child in Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority stage is likely to:** - A\) Feel guilty about trying new activities - B\) Show a strong interest in learning how things work - C\) Struggle with establishing trust with caregivers - D\) Focus on abstract reasoning and moral principles\ **Answer:** B  **A parent encourages their child to reflect on how they feel about certain situations and to come up with ways to handle disappointment. This parenting approach is likely to enhance the child's:** - A\) Pragmatics - B\) Emotional regulation - C\) Egocentrism - D\) Implicit memory\ **Answer:** B  **A child from a family with low socioeconomic status shows difficulty in attention and impulse control. Research suggests this could be linked to:** - A\) Overuse of divergent thinking tasks - B\) Reduced brain development in areas like the prefrontal cortex - C\) Advanced memory function - D\) Delayed physical growth\ **Answer:** B  **A 6-year-old child begins participating in a creative play activity, using toy blocks to build houses and cars. This type of play is best described as:** - A\) Sensorimotor play - B\) Constructive play - C\) Practice play - D\) Social play\ **Answer:** B  **A child who experiences favoritism from parents, receiving more praise than their siblings, is likely to:** - A\) Show no impact on their behavior - B\) Develop externalizing behaviors such as aggression - C\) Excel in schoolwork and peer interactions - D\) Show higher levels of empathy toward their siblings\ **Answer:** B  **A teacher encourages students to collaborate on a project where they explore topics of interest through drawing, painting, and photography. This is an example of which educational approach?** - A\) Montessori Approach - B\) Direct Instruction Approach - C\) Reggio Emilia Approach - D\) Phonics Approach\ **Answer:** C  **A child who can use autobiographical memory to accurately recall events from a school trip is likely benefiting from:** - A\) Secure attachment and supportive parenting - B\) Implicit memory processes - C\) High levels of physical activity - D\) Advanced motor development\ **Answer:** A  **A child regularly engages in rough-and-tumble play with peers and begins to display better emotional regulation and social competence over time. This is an example of the developmental benefits of:** - A\) Practice play - B\) Social play - C\) Constructive play - D\) Sensorimotor play\ **Answer:** B  **A child in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage of Erikson's theory who is consistently criticized for trying new tasks is likely to:** - A\) Develop feelings of guilt and hesitation - B\) Show improved problem-solving skills - C\) Become more industrious and confident - D\) Display better moral reasoning\ **Answer:** A  **In which scenario is a child most likely working within their Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?** - A\) A child performs a task alone and succeeds easily - B\) A child struggles with a task independently but succeeds with some help from a peer - C\) A child cannot perform the task even with teacher guidance - D\) A child performs the task after being told the correct solution\ **Answer:** B  **A child participating in early music lessons outperforms peers in tasks involving timing and coordination. This improvement is most likely due to:** - A\) Reduced grey matter in the brain - B\) Enhanced connectivity in brain regions like the corpus callosum - C\) Decreased emotional regulation abilities - D\) Increased motor deficits\ **Answer:** B  **A teacher who introduces a complex math problem but gradually reduces their guidance as the child improves is using which educational strategy?** - A\) Egocentrism - B\) Centration - C\) Scaffolding - D\) Emotional regulation\ **Answer:** C  **A child with high levels of parental sensitivity and support is likely to show:** - A\) Reduced physical growth - B\) Enhanced brain development, particularly in the prefrontal cortex - C\) Difficulty with social interactions - D\) Advanced fine motor skills but poor emotional regulation\ **Answer:** B