Foundation 1 Exam Questions PDF

Questions 1. A nurse is caring for a female client who says, “Why am I always getting bladder infections, but my husband doesn’t?”. Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate? Ans: Women have a shorter urethra than men. 2. A nurse is caring for a client wh...

Questions 1. A nurse is caring for a female client who says, “Why am I always getting bladder infections, but my husband doesn’t?”. Which of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate? Ans: Women have a shorter urethra than men. 2. A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling catheter. The physician orders a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. Which step ensures the collection of specimens is sterile? A. Don sterile gloves B. Use the container C. Collect it early in the morning D. Swab the specimen spot with an antiseptic swab 3. A client is scheduled for thoracic surgery and is told by the surgeon that after the surgery, a catheter will be placed in the bladder. After the surgeon leaves, the client asks, “why am I going to have a tube in my bladder when I am having surgery in my chest?”. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. We want clients to rest after surgery. B. You would not be burdened without having to use a bedpan or urinal. C. A urinary catheter enables us to easily secure a urine specimen for lab test D. It is more convenient to control urine flow, rather than having to clean a client E. Hourly urine production is monitored with the urine catheter. F. It is an effective way to assess kidney and circulatory function. 4. A nurse is caring for a client who is having urine collected for a 24-hr urine test. During the afternoon of the testing period, the client forgets and accidentally voids into the toilet but tells the nurse right away. What should the nurse do? A. Extend the test by adding the time since the last void to the end of the test. B. Continue collecting all other urine output until the end of the test. C. Notify the physician about the interruption of the test. D. Identify the time and begin a new 24-hr test. 5. A nurse is assessing a client with the diagnosis of UTI. Which clinical indication identified by the nurse supports this medical diagnosis? A. Foamy urine B. Cloudy urine C. Dark amber color of the urine D. Sweet fruity odor of the urine 6. An elderly patient is hospitalized for the first time. Which of the following prompts safety of the patient? A. Keep overhead bed lights on at all times. B. Keep a wheelchair available at the bedside C. Keep pathways clear of obstacles D. Keep all 4 side rails up at all times in bed 7. Your client is on additional precautions isolation for Influenza. You note that the client is angry in response to being on additional precautions. Your best intervention is to: A. Limit the number of visitors to prevent the spread of the intervention B. Close the curtains or the make the room quiet to calm the client C. Explain the isolation precaution and provide meaningful stimulation. 8. Your client develops diarrhea which is confirmed to be considered: A. Droplet contact transmission B. Droplet transmission C. Contact transmission 9. The nurse is observing a new staff member who works with the client. Of the following activities, which one has the greatest possibility of contributing to a nosocomial infection and requires correction? A. On placing an indwelling catheter on the bed. B. Using alcohol to clean the skin C. Washing hands before applying a dressing D. Taping a plastic bag to the bedrail for tissue disposal 10. A nurse is caring for a client who is on bed rest and is concerned about the risk of urinary stasis. Which nursing action is effective in reducing the risk? A. Assist the client to a normal position when voiding B. Strain urine if calculi are suspected C. Encourage adequate fluid intake 11. When assessing the respiratory status of your client, the pulse oximeter is a non-invasive method for continuous monitoring. Which of the following is an expected measurement determined by the pulse oximeter? A. Oxygen B. Blood pressure C. Heart rate 12. The nurse is caring for the client post-operatively. Which of the following is most indicative of a potential post-operative complication, and requires further assessment?  A. Surgery dressing is dry and intact B. Urinary output of 20 mL/hr. C. Blood pressure is 80 to 120 D. Temperature is 36 to 38 13. The most effective position for a client with respiratory distress is which of the following? A. Fowler’s B. Prone C. Sims D. Supine 14. A client has a history of UTI. The nurse encourages the client to drink 250 mL of cranberry juice daily because: A. It dilutes bacteria B. It promotes acidic urine C. It prevents urinary retention 15. One method of confirming enteral tube placement involves testing the gastric aspirate PH and observing its appearance. A nurse knows that PH of gastric aspirate should be: (Here, the question is basically asking, is the PH of gastric aspirate acidic or basic? It is acidic – the question can also present itself as such) A. Between 1 to 5 B. Higher than 6 16. The nurse is monitoring for dehydration in a 3-week-old child who has been hospitalized for fever of unknown origin. Where is the most appropriate place where temperature should be taken? A. Rectal B. Axillary C. Oral 17. The nurse is caring for an 8-month-old infant. A urinalysis has been ordered and the nurse plans to collect this specimen. Which is the most appropriate action of the nurse? A. Obtain the specimen from a cloth diaper using a sterile syringe B. Monitor urinary pattern and collect specimen in a sterile cup C. Catheterize the infant D. Attach a urinary collection to the client 18. The nurse changes the bed linens of a client with lesions. The lesions are open and draining a scant amount of fluid. Which of the following should the nurse incorporate in preparing to care for this client? (select all that apply) Note: if this is a select all that apply question, you need ALL. However, if it’s just a single-pick answer, choose gloves.  A. Gloves B. Masks C. Eye protection D. Gown 19. A nurse is providing oral care on a client receiving chemotherapy. She initially assesses the oral cavity and notes white patches with irritation on the mucous membrane. The nurse determines that: A. Systemic anemia B. It’s a common complication of chemotherapy C. It’s a characteristic of throat infection 20. A nurse obtains a client pulse and finds the rate to be 110. So that pulse is: A. Tachycardia B. Pyrexia C. Bradycardia D. Arrhythmia 21. A nurse uses a wide base of support when assisting a client to get up from a chair. The nurse would: A. Spread his or her feet and place shoulders width apart B. Bend at the waist and place arm C. Tighten her pelvic muscles and raise bed to comfortable level D. Face the client, bend the knees, place hands on client’s forearm and lift 22. The nurse is preparing a bed to receive a newly admitted client. Which nursing action is most important for the safety of the client. A. Ensure that the bed wheels are locked B. Position the call bell C. Turn down sheet to allow client to enter easily 23. Using the principles of Britain practices, a nurse would apply disposable gloves when: A. Providing oral hygiene for the client B. Repositioning the client up in the bed. C. Performing health care for the client 24. Several clients are being admitted to the hospital unit at one time. Ther is only one private room available. Which of the following client has priority to be admitted to the private room? A. A client with a respiratory infection B. A client being admitted for surgery C. A client with a large infected abdominal wound D. A client over the age of 90 25. A client is 78 years old and has a stroke; dysphagic. What should the nurse do?  A. Place food on the unaffected side of the mouth B. Give thin fluids C. Encourage rest for 30 minutes after eating D. Open all items on the food tray 26. Your client observes you documenting on the laptop of the workstation in the hallway. He proceeds to ask you “Why must nurses record everything they do?”. Which of the following is the student nurse’s best response? A. Charts are permanent and retrievable liquid document required by law B. The chart acts as a vital communication tool to other professionals involved in the circle of care of clients. C. All of the options D. Charting allows analysis of patterns and trends to improve care that is provided. 27. A client who is unconscious needs frequent mouth care. While performing mouth care, the client is placed in: A. Trendelenburg B. Supine C. Natural D. Fowlers 28. The client’s diet has changed from clear fluid diet to full fluid diet. What can the nurse include in a full fluid diet which is not included on the clear fluid diet? A. Ice cream B. Ginger ale C. Gelatin D. Apple juice 29. Your 73-year-old client has been admitted to the medical unit with an exacerbation of CHF. He states that he is having trouble breathing and did not sleep well last night. Your client’s respirations become labored. Prior to the physician arriving, what should the nurse do? A. Start oxygen therapy at a high flow rate B. Place him in Fowlers’ position C. Arrange for the laboratory to do bloodwork D. Prepare equipment to start IV infusion 30. Your 73-year-old client has been admitted to the medical unit with an exacerbation of CHF. On the third day following admission, what observation will be the most important to include in the report to the incoming shift of nursing staff? A. He needs reminder to keep his feet elevated B. He has been sleeping short periods at regular intervals C. He is dizzy when he first gets out of bed 31. An endemic influenza has been identified:  A. Wear googles, gloves, mask only if providing care to a client. B. Wear gloves, gown, googles and mask when in a client’s room C. Wear a mask, google and gown within 2 meters D. Wearing a mask and google on an affected unit 32. What information should the nurse know regarding hand hygiene? A. Handwashing is a better choice than alcohol-based sanitizer because it will preserve the integrity of the skin on hands. B. Alcohol-based sanitizer should not be used as they are ineffective C. Handwashing is more effective for hand hygiene than alcohol-based sanitizers D. Alcohol-based sanitizers are safe and effective alternatives to handwashing if hands are not visibly soiled. 33. Your client has an indwelling urinary catheter in place. The nurse notes that there has been 35ml of urinary output in the past hour, whereas previously the hourly rate has been 70ml/hr. What should the nurse do? A. Total the output for the past 24 hours and report to the charge nurse. B. Check the catheter and draining tube for kinks C. Disconnect the catheter from the draining and check the urinary flow D. Remove the catheter and replace it with a larger catheter 34. Your female infant client is 8 weeks old and has been admitted to the pediatric unit with respiratory distress. The nurse observes that infant respiratory effort has become labored with moderate accessory muscle use. It also takes longer to settle between hourly checks. What would minimize her distress during assessment? A. Spread personal activities throughout the day B. Keep lights off C. Position your client on her side for sleep 35. Your client of 76 years of age has been admitted to the med unit with chronic renal failure. He has an indwelling catheter. He is nauseated, drowsy, and not oriented to person. What is the nurses’ priority when providing care for this client? A. Keep the top side rails before you leave the room B. Support independence 36. Your client of 76 years of age has been admitted to the med unit with chronic renal failure. He has an indwelling catheter. He is nauseated, drowsy, and not oriented to person. What nursing intervention is a priority to perform hourly with this client? A. Measure urinary output B. Check for pedal and posterior tibial pulses C. Promote deep breathing and coughing D. Turn and reposition 37. Your client of 76 years of age has been admitted to the med unit with chronic renal failure. He has an indwelling catheter. He is nauseated, drowsy, and not oriented to person. While his family is visiting, the client becomes agitated. What should the nurse do first? A. Obtain an order for physical restraint immediately B. Place the client in a room near the bathroom C. Ask the physician to prescribe an anti-anxiety medication D. Encourage/Embrace coming to stay and sit with the client 38. Your co-assigned nurse uses SBAR to report a client’s deteriorating condition to the nurse practitioner. You understand that SBAR is a communication technique used to ensure members of the team have appropriate information to make decisions. The following elements of SBAR are: A. Situation B. Background C. Assessment D. Resources E. Recommendation 39. Your 18-year-old client has a spinal cord lesion and closed-head injury as a result of a diving accident one week ago. She has remained unconscious since admission. The nurse is performing a complete bed bath, and your client mother is helping. Which approach would best promote a helping relationship between the nurse, the client, and her mother? A. Clearly and slowly ask the client to open her eyes for her mother. B. Address the client, stating that her mother is there to help wash her. C. Reduce auditory stimulation and whisper when speaking to the clients’ mother. D. Rightly ask the mother if she is worried about her daughter's recovery. 40. Your 18-year-old client has a spinal cord lesion and closed-head injury as a result of a diving accident one week ago. She has remained unconscious since admission. When giving a bed bath to this client, the nurse washes the client’s extremities from distal to proximal. The nurse does this to: A. Facilitate removal of dry skin B. Stimulate venous return C. Decrease the chance of iatrogenic infection D. Minimize limitation to the skin 41. Your 18-year-old client has a spinal cord lesion and closed-head injury as a result of a diving accident one week ago. What nursing action would be most effective in promoting circulation in this clients’ lower limb? A. Flexing and extending both ankles. B. Administering warm packs to both calves.  C. Elevating the foot of the bed. D. Applying resting splints to both legs and ankles. 42. Your 18-year-old client has a spinal cord lesion and closed-head injury as a result of a diving accident one week ago. The nurse is making the bed with the client in an occupied bed. Which nursing intervention is most important? A. Raise the head of the bed in order to keep the client comfortable. B. Unfold the soiled linen as close to the clients’ bed and as close to you. C. Secure the top linens under the foot of the bed D. Ensure that the clients’ head is supported and in functional alignment 43. Your 18-year-old client has a spinal cord lesion and closed-head injury as a result of a diving accident one week ago. The clients’ mouth is excessively dry. Which nursing action is most important when providing mouth care for this client? A. Provide mouth care every 2 hours. B. Swab with a sponge C. Cleanse appropriately with mouth wash D. Rinse her mouth with water 4 times a day 44. The client is wearing TED post operatively. What is the most important action a nurse should teach the client? A. Monitor the tools that you used for blanching and return every 8 hours. B. Apply antibacterial cream C. Put them on after the legs… 45. A client is 87 years old and is unable to mobilize independently. What assessment would accurately predict the client risk will breakdown? Ans: Braden Scale 46. The nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia and droplet precautions have been initiated. The nurse prepares to assist the client by performing taking which items required for this care? (select all that apply) A. Gloves B. Gown C. Googles D. Mask 47. A client has a red raised rash which is noted during the bed bath. What should the nurse do? A. Wash around the skin with soap and water B. Assess for further inflammatory reaction C. Moisturize the skin 48. Your client is 18 months old and is being discharged from the pediatric unit after being diagnosed with a seizure disorder. Her mother asks the nurse how she can prevent her daughter from being injured during a seizure. The nurse responds:  A. Place the infant on her back and open her airway. B. Pad the inside of the infant’s crib rails C. Gently restrain the infant D. Put a padded tongue depressor 49. The nurse is preparing to begin enteral feeding. Which of the following is the best position? A. High Fowlers B. Semi Fowlers. C. Sims 50. A client who is suspected of having vascular insufficiency to the lower extremities is assessed by the nurse to have which of the following? A. Increased hair growth on the legs and feet B. Diminished pedal pulses C. Erythema on elevation of the feet D. Dull appearance of the skin on leg and feet 51. The nurse understands the potential problem associated with supine position is: A. Ischemia to the hips B. Pressure on the heels C. Contracture… 52. When preparing to help a client who required assistance with denture care. The nurse best ensures the safety of the appliance by first: A. Determining the client’s preference of the cleansing product to be used. B. Grasping the denture with a gauze pad when removing them from the client’s mouth C. Providing the client with a complete explanation of the procedure D. Padding the zinc basin with a washcloth or paper towel 53. The nursing student is measuring his client’s vital signs and notes the radial pulse is initially strong, diminishes in intensity, and has an interruption of every 8 to 10 beats. What should the nursing student do first? A. Report the findings to co-assigned nurse. B. Measure the apical pulse for 60 seconds C. Retake radial pulse with the teacher present D. Assess the pulse deficit measurement 54. While measuring vital signs, the nurse notes that the radial pulse is 46 beats per min and respirations are shallow and 8 cycles per min. What would this findings be? A. Bradycardia, tachycardia B. Tachycardia, bradycardia C. Bradycardia, bradycardia D. Tachycardia, tachycardia 55. A client is on a clear fluid diet following gastric surgery. The nurse evaluates health teaching to be successful when the family brings in which of the following for the client to eat? A. Popsicle B. Pudding C. Pureed apple sauce 56. The nurse is caring for a client with right sided paralysis. Which factor is most likely to result in pressure ulcer formation for this client? A. Inability B. Reduced hydration C. Bone infection D. Skin to patient 57. The nurse is instructing a client with peripheral vascular disease about daily foot care. Which of the following is instructed in the nurses’ instructions for the client? A. How 58. The nurse uses balance to maintain proper alignment and posture by using the following technique: A. Use of strong back muscles for lifting and holding B. Assume a position far enough away from the client C. Twist body in the direction of movement 59. A client has had a left CVA with resulting weakness. The nurse helps the client by: A. Standing on his left side B. Grabbing him around his waist C. Stand on the right side with one arm around his waist 60. Compression stockings help to prevent: Ans: Thrombus formation 61. A man has been on prolonged bed rest and the nurse is observing for signs associated with immobility. The nurse is alert of which of the following: A. Increased urinary output B. Decreased peristalsis C. Increased Blood Pressure D. Decreased heart rate 62. When assisting a client to eat, who has had a stroke. The nurse can best promote independence by: A. Placing the food tray on the unaffected side. B. Positioning the client in high Fowler’s position. C. Offering him grained foods D. Encouraging the client to eat with other CVA clients 63. When preparing to assist a male client with the task of shaving facial hair. The nurse best ensures client’s safety by first: A. Reviewing the client’s medical history for the risk of bleeding. B. Securing the client’s complexion with the shaving of his facial hair C. Inspect the skin for signs of skin damage 64. What should the nurse do to promote respiratory function in immobilized client? A. Change the client’s position every 4 hours. B. Use oxygen C. Encourage deep breathing D. Take vital signs 65. When turning and repositioning your client, you notice a reddened area. You place your finger on the area and blanching is characterized by erythema. You interpret it as: A. Tissue ischemia has occurred. B. Deep tissue damage is probable C. Redness ….. of ischemic episode D. Decubitus ulcer begins to form 66. What is one of the easiest ways for a nurse to prevent pressure ulcer from occurring on an immobile client? A. Use lift when transferring the client B. Provide range of motion every shift C. Turn the client a minimum of every 2 hours D. Keep the skin clean and dry 67. The nurse is administering an enteral fluid through a gastrotomy tube. Before initiating the feed, the nurse uses a syringe to aspirate the tube and receives 150 mL of food. What should the nurse expect to do? A. Flush the tube with 30 mL of water and begin the feed. B. Stop the feed and call the physician for new orders. C. Reduce feeding rate by half and recheck in 2 hours. D. Reposition the client to right side lying or raise the head of the bed to Fowler’s 68. The client has an enteral tube in place and is receiving tube feedings. While the nurse is administering the feeding, the client begins to experience abdominal cramping and nausea. The nurse should expect to: A. Use a more concentrated formula B. Decrease administration rate C. Remove the tube 69. When preparing to provide a comatose client with oral care, the nurse best ensures client’s safety by first: A. Positioning patient on side  B. Placing the bed into a flat position C. Providing appropriate suction equipment 70. Before giving the client an intermittent G-tube feeding, the nurse should: A. Complete oral care B. Place the client in supine position C. Have feeding solution at room temperature 71. The nurse is caring for a client who has been hospitalized with a stroke. The nurse instructs the daughter to do passive range of motion on her mother’s affected side. What will this action prevent? A. Dysuria B. Contracture C. Fracture 72. A client has dysphagia. What is the priority nursing action when feeding this client? A. Provide verbal cueing to swallow each bite B. Give medication C. Check the mouth when you are feeding the client D. Ensure dentures are in place 73. The physician has ordered a waist restraint belt for a confused client. When applying this restraint, what should the nurse do first? A. Secure the belt restraint to the bed frame B. Assist sensation proximal to the restraint C. Inspect the client’s skin D. Expect the client 74. Your client is required to increase her potassium intake. Which of the following drinks would you recommend? A. Cranberry B. Orange or tomato or prune juice and coconut water 75. A client has gastric tube feeding. The nurse is aware of the need to monitor the client for potential complications. Which of the following symptoms if demonstrated by the client will potentially indicate the greatest risk related to tube feeding? A. Dyspnea B. Diarrhea C. Abdominal distention 76. What should the nurse do first before moving a client: A. Select assistive devices to support the client’s functional alignment B. Consider all of the principles of body mechanics that should be followed. C. Assess for factors that may influence the client's mobility D. Review the client's chart for activity orders. 77. A nurse is providing passive range of motion exercises. Which principle is important? A. Increase the speed of the exercises progressively and according to the client’s tolerance. B. Repeat each movement at least 10 times C. Assist the client to complete all kinds of movement D. Support above and below the joint being exercised. 78. A nurse finishes assisting a client with a complete bed bath. What is the most important for the nurse to do before leaving the client’s room besides moving the bed to the lowest position? A. Leave the door to the client’s room open B. Leave the client’s room always open C. Secure the call bell within easy reach D. Pull all the side rails on both sides of the client head E. Raise the right bed next to the table 79. All nurses across Ontario must take part in the College of Nurses of Ontario quality assurance program. Taking part in the quality assurance program ensures that: A. Every nurse registered in Ontario would be selected for a practice review at least once during their career. B. All nurses registered in Ontario complete an annual self-assessment peer review and learning plan. C. All CNO practice standards are reviewed and understood by nurses registered in Ontario each year D. The CNO comprise all Ministry of health 80. The nurse is calculating the intake and output of a client in order to document totals in the chart box. At 0800, the client vomited 75mL, then 1100, another 145 mL. For breakfast @ 0900, the client drank 150 mL of apple juice, 85 mL of Jello. The catheter bag was emptied for 450. For lunch, she had 180 mL of soup, 120mL of tea, 15 mL of milk. 110mL of drink. What is the total intake and output? (Note: you may not receive this exact question but get familiar with a calculation in this format. You can ask ChatGPT to generate similar questions, try it out, and ask it to give you answers after). Ans: Total Intake: 660 mL; Total Output: 670 mL Best of luck!