Food Technology Chapter 1 & 2 PDF

1. Activity 1.1 (Inquiry): Your Own Food Systems Brainstorm and Collate Images: I will collect pictures of different places where food comes from. I want to find images of farms where vegetables grow, factories that make food, grocery stores where we buy food, and kitchens where we cook....

1. Activity 1.1 (Inquiry): Your Own Food Systems Brainstorm and Collate Images: I will collect pictures of different places where food comes from. I want to find images of farms where vegetables grow, factories that make food, grocery stores where we buy food, and kitchens where we cook. Reflect and Annotate: When I look at the farm picture, I think, "I see a farm, and I wonder how they grow vegetables." I also wonder what tools they use and how they take care of the plants. Design Your Own Image: I will draw a picture that shows the journey of food from the farm to our table. I will include planting seeds in the ground, harvesting the vegetables, cooking them in the kitchen, and finally, eating them with my family. Describe Your Role: I help with food by cooking dinner sometimes. I like to choose healthy foods like fruits and vegetables when we go shopping. I also help my parents prepare meals by washing and cutting the ingredients. 2. Activity 1.2 (Practical): Product Analysis – McKenzie’s Ancient Grain Soup Mix Ancient Grains: The soup mix has ingredients like quinoa, barley, and lentils. These are called ancient grains because they have been grown for a long time. Health Benefits: Ancient grains are good for us because they are high in fiber and nutrients. This means they help our bodies stay healthy and strong. Sharing Pleasures: People love to share recipes that use ancient grains. They enjoy the taste and tell their friends about it, which makes these grains more popular. Why They Exist Today: Ancient grains are still around today because they are nutritious and have been cultivated for many years. People continue to grow and eat them because they are good for our health. 3. Activity 1.3 (Inquiry): Food Connections Sensory Test of Ancient Foods: I will taste and describe ancient foods like oats and olives. I will think about how  they look, smell, taste, and feel. For example, oats are soft and have a nutty smell, while olives are shiny and taste salty. Why They Still Exist: Ancient foods like oats and olives are still enjoyed today because they are nutritious. Many people have loved them for generations, and they are part of many traditional dishes. 4. Activity 1.4 (Practical): Discovering Ancient Foods Sensory Properties: I will describe ancient foods by their color, smell, taste, and texture. For example, quinoa is small and round, has a light color, smells earthy, and has a crunchy texture when cooked. Why They Exist Today: Ancient foods are still popular because they are healthy and tasty. Many people enjoy eating them, and they can be used in many different recipes. a. Activity 1.5 (Case Study): Ancient Civilisation – Sumer b. Foods Produced in Sumer: In Sumer, people grew foods like barley, wheat, dates, and grapes. These foods were very important for their diet. c. How Foods Were Produced: To grow these foods, they used oxen to plow the fields. They planted seeds in the fertile soil, which helped the plants grow strong. d. Best Way to Prepare: Barley can be made into bread, which is a tasty food. Dates can be eaten fresh or used in desserts, making them sweet and delicious. e. Sharing Pleasures: People in Sumer traded their foods with others and used them in celebrations. This helped spread the popularity of their delicious foods. f. g. Activity 1.6 (Practical): Sensory Test h. Preferred Product: One of my favorite products is cheese. I like it because it is creamy and has a rich flavor. It can be used in many dishes, like pizza and sandwiches. i. Research Origins: I will look up how goat or sheep milk was made in ancient times. People used to milk goats and sheep to get the milk, which they then turned into cheese.  j. Storage in Ancient Times: In ancient times, they might have stored milk in clay pots or kept it cool underground to keep it fresh. k. Typical Dishes Today: Today, we enjoy dishes like salads with feta cheese or yogurt in smoothies. These foods are tasty and healthy! l. m. Activity 1.7 (Inquiry): The Origins of Agriculture Annotated Timeline: I will create a timeline that shows when agriculture started in places like the Fertile Crescent. I will include what crops were grown, like barley and wheat. Evaluation Questions for Ancient Grain Salad: What Makes It Ancient: The salad uses ancient grains like quinoa and lentils, which have been grown for a long time. Sensory Properties: The salad is colorful, smells fresh, tastes nutty, and feels crunchy when you eat it. Changes for a Main Meal: To make it a full meal, we can add protein like chicken or beans. Role of Historical Food Cultures: Historical food cultures influence our food today by giving us traditional recipes and ingredients that we still use. Chapter Revision Questions Food Systems: Food systems are the steps involved in getting food from farms to our plates. This includes growing, harvesting, processing, and cooking. Food Culture vs. Food Cuisine: Food culture is about the traditions and practices around food, while food cuisine refers to specific dishes and cooking styles from different places. Factors Influencing Food Cultures: Natural Resources: The availability of water and soil affects what can be grown in different areas. Climate: Weather conditions, like temperature and rainfall, determine what crops can thrive in a region. Social Circumstances: Traditions and beliefs shape how people practice their food customs and what they eat. Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Early Food Systems Understanding Early Food Systems In this chapter, we will learn about how early food-producing regions developed. We will compare the ways hunter-gatherers found food with how early farmers grew food. We will also look at the challenges they faced and the types of food they had. Thanks to archaeologists and historians, we can understand how people lived in ancient times. Get Knowledge Ready 1. Differences Between Hunting and Gathering: a. Hunting: Involves tracking and killing animals for food. b. Gathering: Involves collecting wild plants, fruits, nuts, and other natural food sources. c. Lifestyle: Hunter-gatherers were nomadic, moving from place to place in search of food, while agricultural societies settled in one place to grow food. 2. Agricultural Food Systems: a. Agricultural food systems involve farming, which means growing crops and raising animals for food. b. Farmers cultivate land to produce a variety of foods, such as grains, fruits, and vegetables. 3. First Domesticated Foods: a. Some of the first foods that were domesticated include: i. Wheat: Easy to grow and store. ii. Barley: Used for food and brewing. iii. Beans: High in protein and easy to cultivate. b. These foods were chosen because they provided a reliable food source and could be stored for long periods. Hunter-Gatherer Food Systems For thousands of years, humans lived as hunter-gatherers. They relied on nature for food, hunting animals and gathering wild plants. Key Features of Hunter-Gatherer Societies Nomadic Lifestyle: They moved around to find food. Egalitarian Society: Resources were shared equally among all members. Small Groups: They lived in small communities, making it easier to travel and find food. Advantages and Challenges of Hunter-Gatherer Life Advantages Challenges Worked together as a group Dependent on food supply Equal rights in the group Could not carry large amounts of food Lived off what the land provided Climate changes affected food availability Supportive society Faced dangers while hunting Nutritional Benefits of the Hunter-Gatherer Diet Hunter-gatherers ate a variety of foods, including wild plants, fruits, nuts, and animals. This diet was rich in nutrients and provided health benefits. Studies suggest that this lifestyle was healthier than later agricultural diets. Early Agricultural Food Systems The shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture was a major change in human history. Key Features of Agricultural Societies Settled Communities: People began to live in one place and farm the land. Domestication of Plants and Animals: Early farmers grew crops and raised animals for food. Food Surplus: Farmers produced more food than they needed, allowing for trade and storage. Advantages and Challenges of Agricultural Life Advantages Challenges Stable food supply Environmental changes could affect crops Larger populations Inequality in resource distribution Development of trade Conflicts over land and resources Factors That Helped Agriculture Develop Climate Change: Warmer temperatures made it easier to grow crops. Population Growth: More people needed more food, leading to farming. Technological Advances: Inventions like irrigation helped farmers grow more food. A Activity 2.1: Nutrients and the Hunter-Gatherer Diet Research the Nutrients: Protein: Found in hunted meat; helps build strong muscles. Vitamins: Found in fruits and vegetables; keep our bodies healthy. Healthy Fats: Found in nuts; provide energy and support brain function. Health Benefits: Protein aids growth and strength. Vitamins support skin, eyes, and immune health. Healthy fats provide energy and help brain function. Agree or Disagree: I believe the hunter-gatherer lifestyle was healthier than farming because they consumed a variety of fresh foods and got plenty of exercise. Farming often leads to more processed foods and less variety. Activity 2.2: Case Study on a Hunter-Gatherer Society 1. Choose a Modern Hunter-Gatherer Society: a. I chose the Yanomami people who live in the Amazon rainforest. 2. Research Their Food Practices:  a. The Yanomami hunt animals like monkeys and fish. They gather fruits, nuts, and wild plants. They also use tools like bows and arrows for hunting. 3. Present Your Findings: a. I made a poster with pictures of the Yanomami and wrote about their food practices. I included: i. They hunt and gather food. ii. They live in small groups and share food equally. Activity 2.3: Edible Insects 1. Research Edible Insects: a. In my area, I found that crickets and mealworms are edible insects. 2. Choose One Insect to Cook: a. I chose to cook crickets. 3. Describe the Insect: a. After tasting the crickets, here’s what I found: Taste Texture Appearance Aroma Salty and crunchy Crispy and light Brown and small Slightly nutty 4. Discuss Advantages and Challenges: a. Advantages: Crickets are high in protein and easy to raise. They can help feed more people. b. Challenges: Some people might not want to eat insects because they think it’s strange or gross. Activity 2.4: Mapping the Fertile Crescent 1. On a Map: a. I drew a map of the Fertile Crescent, which includes countries like Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt. 2. Iraq: Food: Dates. Fact: Dates are a popular fruit used in many dishes. 3. Syria: Food: Kibbeh. Fact: Kibbeh is a traditional dish made with bulgur wheat and meat. 4. Lebanon: Food: Hummus. Fact: Hummus is a popular dip made from chickpeas. 5. Egypt: Food: Fava beans. Fact: Fava beans are used in a dish called "ful medames." Discuss Links to Early Agriculture: These foods illustrate the beginnings of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent, where crops like wheat and barley were grown and remain important today. Activity 2.5: Key Historical Factors in Agriculture 1. Research and Fill Out a Matrix: Cultivation of Wild Plants and Natural Climatic Social Domestication of Resources Influences Circumstances Animals Rivers provided Warmer weather People needed more Farmers learned to water for helped crops grow. food as populations grow plants and raise farming. grew. animals for food. Fertile soil Seasonal changes Communities formed They selected the best made it easier affected what around farming. plants and animals to to grow food. could be grown. grow. Activity 2.6: Ancient Egyptian Agriculture 1. Outline the conditions that provided the Egyptians with the opportunity to build agricultural wealth: a. The Nile River flooded every year, bringing rich soil that was great for farming. This made it easy for Egyptians to grow lots of food. 2. Identify what the ‘ingenuity of the Egyptians’ was and explain its influence in the development of agriculture: a. The Egyptians created a system called basin irrigation, which helped them control the water from the Nile to water their