ESR Test PDF
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This document provides information about the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test. It explains the ESR test, describing the factors affecting the rate, including the role of red blood cells, plasma, and apparatus. The document also details the normal ranges for ESR in males and females, highlighting that the ESR is not a diagnostic test but a prognostic one. Finally, the document shows the physiological and pathological causes of an elevated or lowered ESR.
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ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate test ( ESR ): The rate if sedimentation of RBCs if left in a vertical tube forming a rouleux RBCs slowly settle down (sediment ): - Surface negative charges of RBCs repulsion (zeta potential ) - So, surface area increase in relation to the total volu...
ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate test ( ESR ): The rate if sedimentation of RBCs if left in a vertical tube forming a rouleux RBCs slowly settle down (sediment ): - Surface negative charges of RBCs repulsion (zeta potential ) - So, surface area increase in relation to the total volume Factors affecting ESR : 1- RBCs ESR inversely proportional to - Number : polycythemia (↓ESR ) number of RBCs Anemia (↑ESR ) ESR) directly proportional to size of - Size : Macrocytes → ↑ weight→ (↑ESR Microcytes → ↓ weight →(↓ESR ) RBCS - shape : Spherocytosis / sickle cell anemia → (↓ESR ) 2- plasma - fibrinogen / globulin (IgM) +ve charge → ↓repulsion → Rapid rouleux ( ↑ESR ) (e.g Inflammation ) - Albumin -ve charge →↑ repulsion → Slow rouleux (↓ESR ) (e.g Hyperalbuminemia ) Tools : Westergren tubes + metal holder Edita is not the preferred Steps : anticoagulant for - Fill the tube with blood to (0) mark ESR - Add anticoagulant ( Na citrate 3.8% ) as it cause - Ratio of Anti coagulant : blood = 1 : 4 - Left for one hour , then measure column of plasma hemolysis - Left for the second hour , then remeasure the column of plasma Factors affecting ESR apparatus : - Room temperature - Vibrations - Fresh blood / anticoagulant - Vertical position Normal range : 1st hour 2nd hour Male 7-9 mm/h 9-11 mm/h Female 11-13 mm/h 13-15 mm/h NB. ESR is a prognostic not A diagnostic test ↑ESR Physiological cause : Pathological cause : - Menstruation - Inflammation - Pregnancy - Infection - Lactation - Tissue destruction e.g Trauma - Muscular exercise - TB / Cancer/Rheumatic disease - ↑ Temperature ESR > 100 may be due to ↓ TB / Cancer /Rheumatic disease ↓ESR : - Hyperalbuminemia - Polycythemia - Microcytosis - Spherocytosis - Sickle cell anemia Faculty of Dentistry
