CAIE Biology IGCSE Plant Nutrition Flashcards PDF

CAIE Biology IGCSE 6 - Plant Nutrition Flashcards PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc This work by https://bit.ly/pmt-edu-cc CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://bit.l...

CAIE Biology IGCSE 6 - Plant Nutrition Flashcards PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc This work by https://bit.ly/pmt-edu-cc CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is photosynthesis? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process where some organisms are able to make complex carbohydrates using the energy from light https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the word equation for photosynthesis? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the word equation for photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen (in the presence of light and chlorophyll) https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? (Higher/Supplement) https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? (Higher/Supplement) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in the presence of light and chlorophyll) https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is chlorophyll used for in photosynthesis? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is chlorophyll used for in photosynthesis? Chlorophyll is used to trap light energy and transfer it into chemical energy so that it can be used to build complex organic molecules (e.g. glucose). https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis used for? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis used for? starch as an energy store cellulose to build cell walls glucose used in respiration to provide energy sucrose for transport in the phloem nectar to attract insects for pollination https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can the importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis be shown experimentally? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can the importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis be shown experimentally? - Find a plant with leaves with green parts and non-green parts - Keep the plant in the dark for 48 hours and then test both the green and non-green parts for starch - Move the plant into sunlight and then wait another 48 hours and test both parts of the plant again - The green parts contain chlorophyll and these should be the only ones testing positive for starch in the second test https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can the importance of light in photosynthesis be shown experimentally? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can the importance of light in photosynthesis be shown experimentally? - Put a plant in the dark for 48 hours - Remove the plant and place a strip of opaque tape over part of a leaf - Leave the plant in the sun for 48 hours - Remove the tape and test the part of the plant that did not have the tape on and also the part that did have the tape on for starch and compare the results - The uncovered section should be the only one that tests positive for starch https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can the importance of CO2 in photosynthesis be shown experimentally? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can the importance of CO2 in photosynthesis be shown experimentally? - Place transparent plastic bags over 2 separate plants - Place sodium hydrogencarbonate inside the bag of one (produces CO2) - Place soda lime in the other (absorbs CO2) - Test the plant leaves for starch a day later - The leaves from the sodium hydrogencarbonate plant should only test positive for starch. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is a limiting factor? (Higher) https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is a limiting factor? (Higher) A factor that limits the rate of a reaction when there is not enough of it https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc When may light be a limiting factor for photosynthesis? (Higher/Supplement) https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc When may light be a limiting factor for photosynthesis? (Higher/Supplement) In a dense forest or at night https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc When may temperature be a limiting factor for photosynthesis? (Higher/Supplement) https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc When may temperature be a limiting factor for photosynthesis? (Higher/Supplement) In winter https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can hydrogencarbonate indicator be used to investigate what happens to plants in the dark? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can hydrogencarbonate indicator be used to investigate what happens to plants in the dark? - Cover one plant’s leaves with tin foil, another with gauze and keep another exposed to the light - Place each plant in a boiling tube containing hydrogencarbonate indicator and set up another tube containing hydrogencarbonate indicator only as a control - The test tube with the tin foil covered plant will have yellow coloured indicator due to CO2 from respiration - The test tube with the uncovered plant will have purple indicator as the carbon dioxide will have been removed by photosynthesis - The test tube covered with gauze will remain orange as there is no net change in CO2. - The control will remain orange. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Identify the structures labelled in this diagram of a leaf https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Identify the structures labelled in this diagram of a leaf A waxy cuticle F lower epidermis B vascular bundle G air-filled space C upper epidermis H stoma D palisade mesophyll tissue I guard cell E spongy mesophyll tissue https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How is the spongy mesophyll layer adapted for photosynthesis? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How is the spongy mesophyll layer adapted for photosynthesis? It is contains air spaces which allows gases to diffuse through the plant for photosynthesis (CO2 in, O2 out) https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How is the palisade mesophyll layer adapted for photosynthesis? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How is the palisade mesophyll layer adapted for photosynthesis? It contains long and thin cells with many chloroplasts and lots of chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the importance of the vascular bundles in photosynthesis? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the importance of the vascular bundles in photosynthesis? - The xylem is adapted to transport water which is useful to provide the cells with a constant supply of water for photosynthesis - The phloem is adapted to transport sugars to where they are needed from the photosynthesising tissues that produce them https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How are the guard cells adapted to aid the process of photosynthesis? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How are the guard cells adapted to aid the process of photosynthesis? Guard cells can change shape to open or close pores in the leaf which controls the exchange of gases needed for photosynthesis https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are nitrate ions used for in plants? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are nitrate ions used for in plants? They are used in the synthesis of amino acids https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are magnesium ions used for in plants? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are magnesium ions used for in plants? They are used to make chlorophyll https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc