Edexcel Physics A-Level Flashcards - Topic 4 Materials PDF

Edexcel Physics A-Level Topic 4 - Materials Flashcards PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc This work by https://bit.ly/pmt-edu-cc CC BY-NC-ND 4.0...

Edexcel Physics A-Level Topic 4 - Materials Flashcards PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc This work by https://bit.ly/pmt-edu-cc CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the density of a material? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is the density of a material? The density of a material is its mass per unit volume. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the equation used to calculate density. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the equation used to calculate density. Mass Density = Volume https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the unit of density? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the unit of density? kgm⁻³ https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc When an object is submerged in a fluid, what determines the upthrust it experiences? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  When an object is submerged in a fluid, what determines the upthrust it experiences? The upthrust of a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid that it displaces. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What determines whether an object floats or sinks? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What determines whether an object floats or sinks? The balance between the weight and upthrust of the object. If the weight exceeds the upthrust, the object will sink. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Why will a uniform object with a density greater than that of the liquid it is submerged in, always sink? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Why will a uniform object with a density greater than that of the liquid it is submerged in, always sink? The upthrust of the object will be equal to the weight of the liquid displaced Therefore, the maximum upthrust will be equal to the density of the fluid x volume of object x gravitational field strength The weight of the object is equal to the density of the object x volume of object x gravitational field strength If the object’s density is greater, the weight will always be greater than the upthrust and the object will sink https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What shaped objects does Stokes’ Law apply to? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What shaped objects does Stokes’ Law apply to? Stokes’ law only applies to small spherical objects. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What type of flow is required for Stokes’ Law to apply? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What type of flow is required for Stokes’ Law to apply? Laminar Flow https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What does Stokes’ Law allow you to calculate? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What does Stokes’ Law allow you to calculate? The viscous drag force that a small spherical object experiences when falling at low speeds through a viscous fluid with laminar flow. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the Stokes’ Law equation. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  State the Stokes’ Law equation. F = 6πηrv η is the viscosity of the fluid r is the radius of the sphere v is the speed of the sphere https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is elastic deformation? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is elastic deformation? An object has undergone elastic deformation if it returns to its original shape once the deforming forces are removed. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is plastic deformation? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is plastic deformation? An object has undergone plastic deformation if it no longer returns to its original shape once the deforming forces are removed. It will have permanent deformation. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Express Hooke’s Law in words. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  Express Hooke’s Law in words. The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force that is applied to it, up to its limit of proportionality. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the limit of proportionality? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is the limit of proportionality? The point beyond which the force and extension will no longer be directly proportional to each other - Hooke’s Law is no longer obeyed. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the elastic limit? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is the elastic limit? The point beyond which the object will no longer elastically deform, and will instead deform plastically. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the defining equation of Hooke’s Law. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the defining equation of Hooke’s Law. F = k∆x F = force applied (N) K = stiffness constant ∆x = extension (m) https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is mechanical stress? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is mechanical stress? The force experienced by an object per unit area. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the equation for stress. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  State the equation for stress. F Stress = A F is the force applied A is the cross-sectional area https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the unit of stress? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the unit of stress? Nm⁻² https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the equation for strain. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  State the equation for strain. ΔL Strain = L ΔL is the change in length L is the original length https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the unit of strain? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is the unit of strain? Strain is a unitless quantity because it is the ratio of two lengths. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What does the Young Modulus of a material tell you? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What does the Young Modulus of a material tell you? A material’s Young Modulus is a measure of how much force is required for a given extension, regardless of the object’s dimensions. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What equation is used to calculate a material’s Young Modulus? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What equation is used to calculate a material’s Young Modulus? Young Modulus = Stress/Strain https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What unit is used for a material’s Young Modulus? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What unit is used for a material’s Young Modulus? Nm⁻² https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is breaking stress? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is breaking stress? Breaking stress is the the maximum stress that an object can withstand before fracturing. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the yield point? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What is the yield point? The point beyond which the object will experience a large extension without substantial increase in the force applied. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What type of energy is stored in an object that has been stretched? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What type of energy is stored in an object that has been stretched? Elastic Potential Energy https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State two equations used to calculate the energy stored in a spring. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State two equations used to calculate the energy stored in a spring. E = ½ FΔx E = ½ kΔx² https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc  What does the gradient and area represent on a force-extension graph? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What does the gradient and area represent on a force-extension graph? The gradient of the linear region represents the elastic constant (k) The area is equal to the elastic potential energy stored in the spring https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What does the gradient represent on a stress-strain graph? https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What does the gradient represent on a stress- strain graph? The gradient of the linear region represents the Young Modulus of the material. https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc