Fishing gear.pptx

CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING GEARS Aries Paul Padron CONTENTS   Introduction Classification fishing gear  Classification according to Andres Von Brandt 1972  Classification According to International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear           Without gear Grapplin...

CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING GEARS Aries Paul Padron CONTENTS   Introduction Classification fishing gear  Classification according to Andres Von Brandt 1972  Classification According to International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear           Without gear Grappling and Wounding gear Stupefying device Hook and line Traps Dragged gear Seine net Surrounding net Falling gear Gill net  Tangle net  Harvesting machine  Fishing gear material  Reference INTRODUCTION What is gear: Those equipments which are used in fishing called ‘fish gear’ and the working platform to reach the fishing ground and to conduct fishing operation is called fishing craft.  Active gear :-  Active gears are operated by mechanized boat . They required large power to moved from one place to other place for fishing. Some important gears like trawl net, purse net, shore seine net etc. examples of active gears.  Passive gears:-  Passive gears are operated by non-mechanized boat. These gears some time also operated by motorized boat. Some important gears like dip net, cast net, gill net, tuna long line or hook and line, spear & harpoon examples of passive gears. CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING GEAR I. According to ISSCFG ( International Standard Statistical Classification of fishing Gear) ⯈ There are different types of gear classification based on particular technical features of the gear .the mostly popular is the INTERNATIONAL STANDARD STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING GEARS (ISSCFG ) accepted by FAO . twelve principle classes of fishing gear According to classified Andres Von Brandt (1972) II. ⯈ Andres Von Brandt has classified the fish catching method of the world in to 16 major groups on how the fish are caught. 1. 1. Without gear 2. This including hand picking fish with other aquatic animal. Simple tools using like trained animal like Dog, Otters, Cormorants etc catching for fishes. 3. 2. GRAPPLING AND WOUNDING GEAR In this method fish are caught by grappling,, Squeezing , transfixing or wounding.  The implement use for this are spears, clamps(are mainly use to catch mussels and snails). Tongs, rakes ( are mainly use to mussels)  Metal weight with barbed points called fish plummets pierce.  Bows and arrows too constitute a primitive gear which are used for the captures of whales. 3. STUPEFYING DEVICES Certain device are made use of in stupefying the fish either mechanically, chemically or electrically to ease there capture. Mechanically – By throwing stone at the fish for catching. Chemically - For fishing catching should be used lime, copper are used to plant poison (Saponin) the fish. HOOK AND LINE What is hook and line: In a line one or more hooks are attached at the end of a cotton line (dori) whose other end is tied to a long bamboo stick. The hooks are made by iron or steel and line made by nylon or synthetic material. Parts of hook and line: A hook are consist of a head or eye, shank, bend and point.  Bait:A bait should may be an earthworm, prawn , cockroach , caterpillar , small fish etc.  Eye:- The top of the section of the hook. The line attached on the eye and other part attached on the rode line.  Bend:- It is the rounding portion of the hook, just before the point of hook.  Point:- It is the last portion of the hook after that bend. The bait is attached on the point of the hook.  Hand line – Hand line is the simplestform of fishing line hand line can be operated with or without a pole or rod. A line with a few hooks is operated by a single man paying constant attention to the catch.  Set line – Several hooks are set in a fixed position in the case of setline. These consist of a main line to which snoods with baited or unbaited hooks are fixed at regular intervals.  Drift line – These are the fishing line which drift alone or are fastened to a fishing vessel. These can be operated over large area and usually larger and more widely spaced then for bottom long line.   Troll line – Several line are towed form a boat using outrigger to catch predatory fishes. They are trailed near the surface or at a certain depth by a vessel. FISH TRAPS The trap is use to catch like Heteropneustus, Clarias, and Channa, that live in shallow muddy water. ⯈ The basket trap is made of split bamboo having a wide about a meter in diameter at one end and a small opening 12-15cm in diameter at the top. ⯈ Basket traps – these traps mostly have small entrance and made of wood, wire, netting, plastic etc. these traps consist of cylindrical shaped bags mounted on ring and are provided with wings.  Verandah net – these are popular net in the China, India Africa. Verandah net consist of two part i. Vertical barrier netting, ii. Horizontal verandah netting.   and some part of – They kept open vertically by a totally or partially framed mouth and horizontally by the current. Bag net Scoop net – These are small bag net operated by hand and are moved through the water i.e. the fishes are caught by the scooping action. They are variously shaped. Bag Net VERANDAH NET 6. DRAGGED GEAR Active gear has to be moved, dragged or towed to capture fish. This usually requires engine-propelled boat and usually involves additional investment over passive or stationary gear.  Dredges ⯈ These are dragged along the bottom to collect molluscs such as mussels, oyster, scallops, clams etc. These gear consist of the conical shaped net with a rigid frame in front. • Sweep trawls – Sheets of webbing made of single or triple walls are towed over the   bottom Bottom trawls – Conical shaped net are towed over the bottom the mouth of the net is kept open by means of either beam, other boards or two boats pulling apart. Mid water trawls – this is a trawl net operated in the pelagic region either from a single or two boats.  SWEEP TRAWLS BOTTOM TROWLS MID WATER TRAWLS CAST NET What is cast net:     It is circular in shape looking like an umbrella with a strong rope attached the apex . A cast net also called a throw net ,is a net used for fishing. This technique is called net casting or net throwing. Parts of cast net:A number of weight of iron or lead are attached along margin and made by nylon fiber . SEINE NETS A fishing net which hangs vertically in the water with floats at the top and weights at the bottom edge, the ends being drawn together to encircle the fish. Seine Net SURROUNDING NET These nets surrounding the fish not only from the side but also from the bottom. Included in this category are lamparas nets, ring nets and purse seines. Lamparas nets— This gear is Surrounding net shaped like a dust pan. There is no purse line underneath.  Purse seines— This are surrounding gear provided with a purse line at the bottom which when pulled the purse rings close the bottom of the gear thus preventing escape of fish. It can be Lampara net operated from a single or from two boats. Mostly a single boat makes use of a skiff for its operation. Purse seines GILL NET Gill nets— The principle of the gilling is made use of in gill nets .They are long wall of webbing hung vertically in the water. Depending on the mode of operation they are either set gill net, drift gill net and encircling gears.  Set gill nets – These are set in water by means of anchors.  Drift gill net—Gill net which are allowed to drift with the current or from a boat to which they are attached. Tangle nets—The method of capture in tangle net is to entangle the fins, scales, teeth etc. in the mesh  Tangle net Harvesting machines Harvesting machines—This extract fish from the water and then transports it on board group includes all fishing gear which vessel. There is use limited to a small number of spp. i. Fish pumps--- Pumps are used to catch fish which are attracted by light .pumps fishing is the becoming popular for squids. Fish pump Classification of fishing gear materials 1.Natural fibres A)Vegetable fibres B)Animal fibres a) Seed fibres (cotton) a) Wood b) Best fibres (ramie) b) Hair c) Leaf fibres (manila) c) Silk d) Fruit fibres (coir) 2) Synthetic fibres a) Polycondensation- Ex.- polyamide (PA), polyester (PES). b) Polymeric compound- Ex.- polyvinile alcohol (PVAA), polyvinile chloride (PVC). c) Mixed polymer- Ex.-polyvinylidene chloride (PVD). d) Polyadditive compound- Ex.- polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP). Net Name (used in India) Catch fishes 1. Dol net Bombay duck 2. Pole line, Hand line, Hook line Tuna fish 3. Trap Iobster,Crab 4. Gill net Selective fish 5. Puse seine net Hilsha-ilisha 6. Trawls net Prawn 7. Scoop net / Dip net Prawns ,catfishes , murrels 8. Cast net Pelagic fish 9. Shore seinenet [Rampani net] Mackerel 10. Dredges net 11. Bottom trawls net Mollusca snails Mainly Demersal fish NAME OF GEAR Bandal TYPE WATER River OF STATE Ujhki/cheer River Up Kohini Ganga Up Do-Dondi River Up Dewari River Up Maha jal River Up Chanti jal River Up Gopal jal River Up Kamel River Up Chaundi jal River Up Gochail jal River up up Reference:⯈Fishing Gear and Craft Technology. By- Y. Sreekrishna and Latha Shenoy. Chapter :- 4, page no. :71- 97. ⯈A S.S. Text Khanna Book of & Fish H. Biology R. Shingh. and page no.::-37, 384-394. Fisheries. Chapter BY⯈Picture downloaded by Internet {https;//googleweblight.com} and Hand sketched.