Final Study Sheet PDF

**Final Study Sheet** **Module 1 T/F** 1\. Durkheim defines religion as primarily based on belief in a higher power. (False) 2\. Rudolf Otto introduced the concept of the \"numinous\" in his study of religion. (True) 3\. Mircea Eliade focused on the functional role of religion in society. (False...

**Final Study Sheet** **Module 1 T/F** 1\. Durkheim defines religion as primarily based on belief in a higher power. (False) 2\. Rudolf Otto introduced the concept of the \"numinous\" in his study of religion. (True) 3\. Mircea Eliade focused on the functional role of religion in society. (False) 4\. Durkheim's definition of religion emphasizes individual spiritual experiences. (False) 5\. Otto's concept of the \"numinous\" is a rational, sensory experience. (False) 6\. Clifford Geertz\'s definition of religion emphasizes its role in providing meaning to human life. (True) 7\. Sigmund Freud viewed religion primarily as a communal and social phenomenon. (False) 8\. Freud considered religion to be akin to a childhood neurosis. (True) 9\. Daniel Dubuisson argues that the concept of religion is a universal category applicable to all cultures. (False) 10\. Dubuisson\'s work critiques the influence of Western colonialism on the understanding of religion globally. (True) **Module 1 M/C** 1\. What is the primary focus of Durkheim\'s definition of religion? a\) Mystical experiences b\) Social cohesion and collective conscience \* c\) Personal salvation d\) Ritual practices 2\. Rudolf Otto is best known for introducing the concept of: a\) Sacred and profane b\) Collective conscience c\) The numinous \* d\) Social solidarity 3\. Mircea Eliade\'s approach to studying religion is best described as: a\) Functional b\) Essentialist c\) Phenomenological \* d\) Rationalistic 4\. According to Durkheim, religion serves to: a\) Explain natural phenomena b\) Bind people together through shared beliefs \* c\) Guarantee personal immortality d\) Provide moral guidance 5\. The term \"numinous,\" as used by Otto, refers to: a\) A moral code of conduct b\) A non-rational, awe-inspiring experience \* c\) An organized system of theology d\) A social structure within religious communities 6\. In Eliade\'s view, hierophanies are: a\) Social rituals to reinforce community bonds b\) Manifestations of the sacred in the profane world \* c\) Mythical stories about gods and goddesses d\) Moral teachings found in religious texts 7\. Clifford Geertz is best known for his work in: a\) Functional anthropology b\) Symbolic and interpretive anthropology \* c\) Psychoanalysis d\) Theology 8\. Geertz\'s definition of religion highlights its role in: a\) Establishing social hierarchies \* b\) Formulating conceptions of order c\) Promoting individual salvation d\) Conducting ritual sacrifices 9\. Dubuisson\'s work challenges the academic field of religious studies to: a\) Focus more on theological doctrines b\) Reconsider fundamental assumptions and categories \* c\) Prioritize psychological interpretations d\) Emphasize the role of religious leaders 10\. Dubuisson\'s critique of the \'sui generis\' view of religion suggests that it: a\) Accurately reflects the nature of religious phenomena b\) Is a Western construct not applicable globally \* c\) Enhances the understanding of religious diversity d\) Focuses on the biological basis of religion **Module 2 T/F** 1. The Aryans were a group of Indo-European speaking peoples who migrated into the Indian subcontinent between 1500 BCE and 1000 BCE. **True** 2. The Aryan migration began around 1500 BCE and by 1000 BCE they had expanded into the Gangetic Plains. **True** 3. The Aryans introduced a non-stratified social system, which emphasized equality among all individuals in society. **False** 4. **T**he theme of duality in Aryan mythology represents contrasts such as light and darkness, chaos and order, and good vs. evil. **True** 5. The Aryan migration had no lasting impact on the development of Indian civilization, especially in terms of religion and social hierarchy. **False** 6. Soma, in Aryan mythology, is only a sacred drink used in rituals and is not considered a deity. **False** 7. The Purusha Sukta is one of the earliest texts to provide a divine justification for social stratification, linking spiritual beliefs to social hierarchy. **True** 8. While the varna system provided a broad framework, Jati was the practical manifestation of social order in everyday life, with sub-castes forming within each varna based on region, trade, and kinship ties. **True** 9. The term \"varna\" literally translates to \"occupation\" in Sanskrit, signifying social duties. **False** 10. The term "caste" is an insider term coming from within Indian culture. **False** **Module 2 M/C** 1\. The term \"Hindu\" originates from which language? A\) Greek B\) Arabic C\) Sanskrit D\) Persian Answer: C) Sanskrit 2\. What was the original meaning of \"Hindu\"? A\) A religious identity B\) A geographical term C\) A Sanskrit scripture D\) A caste system Answer: B) A geographical term 3\. What does \"Adivasi\" mean in Sanskrit? A\) Ancient texts B\) First inhabitants C\) Sacred rituals D\) Holy river Answer: B) First inhabitants 4\. What likely caused the dispersal of the Indus Valley Civilization? A\) Invasion by Alexander the Great B\) Climate change C\) A large-scale famine D\) A pandemic Answer: B) Climate change 5\. What does the widespread use of fire-baked bricks in the Indus Valley Civilization indicate? A\) Advanced military technology B\) Sophisticated urban planning and sanitation C\) Agricultural practices D\) Religious beliefs Answer: B) Sophisticated urban planning and sanitation 6\. What are the Vedas? A\) Philosophical texts B\) Ancient scriptures of Hinduism C\) Historical records D\) Legal documents Answer: B) Ancient scriptures of Hinduism 7\. The word \"Veda\" in Sanskrit means what? A\) Ritual B\) Power C\) Knowledge D\) Song Answer: C) Knowledge 8\. What is the primary role of Indra in the Rig Veda? A\) God of fire B\) God of knowledge C\) King of gods and god of war D\) God of water Answer: C) King of gods and god of war 9\. What is Moksha according to the Upanishads? A\) A type of yoga B\) A Vedic ritual C\) Liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth D\) A divine incarnation Answer: C) Liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth 10\. Which deity is primarily invoked as the mediator in the Vedic Fire Ritual? A\) Indra B\) Varuna C\) Agni D\) Soma Answer: C) Agni **Module 3 T/F** 1\. Siddhartha Gautama was destined to become either a great king or a fully enlightened Buddha, according to a clairvoyant\'s prediction. **True** 2.Siddhartha Gautam a left his life of luxury and his family to become a renunciant after seeing the Four Sights: the old, the sick, the dead, and the renunciant. **True** 3\. Siddhartha Gautama believed that extreme asceticism was the path to enlightenment. **False** 4\. Desire is not considered a point of human vulnerability in Buddhism. **False** 5\. Mahavira was born into a Vaishya (merchant) family. **False** 6\. Jainism promotes non-violence toward all living beings as its central goal. **True** 7\. Mahavira attained enlightenment after one year of ascetic practices. **False** 8\. Digambara monks wear simple white clothing as part of their monastic practice. **False** 9\. The Buddha is considered a god to be worshipped in Mahayana Buddhism. **False** 10 In Jainism, every soul has the potential to achieve liberation through the intervention of a supreme deity. **False** **Module 3 M/C** 1\. What did Siddhartha Gautama vow to do under the Bodhi tree? A\) To return to his luxurious life if he found no answers B\) To leave and spread his teachings across India immediately C\) Not to leave until he achieved enlightenment \* D\) To meditate for 49 days and nights without interruption 2\. Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Noble Truths? A\) All life is suffering B\) Suffering is caused by desire (attachment) C\) Enlightenment can only be achieved through severe asceticism \* D\) Th ere can be an end to desire 3\. What does \'Anatman\' in Buddhism refer to? A\) The ultimate self B\) No self \* C\) The higher self beyond physical existence D\) The collective consciousness of all beings 4\. Ashoka the Great is known for: A\) Leading a great war that expanded Buddhism across Asia B\) His conversion to Buddhism and spreading its teachings after the Kalinga War \* C\) Writing the majority of the Theravada Buddhist texts D\) Establishing the first monastic community for women in Buddhism 5\. What does \"Mahayana\" mean? A\) The Lesser Vehicle B\) The Great Vehicle \* C\) The Sole Path D\) The Enlightened Path 6\. Mahayana Buddhism spread more extensively than Theravada Buddhism because it: A\) Restricted where monks could travel B\) Was less adaptable to local religions C\) Allowed monks to travel more freely and assimilate local religions \* D\) Focused solely on meditation practices 7\. Which of the following is a quality of a Bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism? A\) Seeking personal liberation only B\) Compassion (Karuna) \* C\) Avoiding meditation practices D\) Rejecting the concept of wisdom (Prajna) 8\. What is the primary focus of Pure Land Buddhism? A\) Achieving enlightenment through severe ascetic practices B\) Devotion to Amitabha Buddha to be reborn in the Pure Land \* C\) Direct transmission of wisdom through meditation only D\) Study and recitation of Mahayana texts exclusively 9\. Which sect of Jainism believes that women must be reborn as men to achieve liberation? A\) Svetambara B\) Digambara \* C\) Ahimsavada D\) Karunavada 10\. Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Mahavratas (Great Vows) in Jainism? A\) The renunciation of killing B\) The renunciation of speaking untruths C\) The pursuit of material wealth \* D\) The renunciation of all attachments **Module 4 T/F** 1\. Moses pleaded with God on behalf of the Israelites after they worshipped the Golden Calf. **True** 2\. The Jewish tradition of contending with God encourages silence and unquestioning faith. **False** 3\. The agreement that Abraham had with had with the Hebrew god Yahweh was called a Covenant. **True** 4\. In Jewish tradition, contending with God is seen as an act of defiance against the Divine. **False** 5\. In a monotheistic system there can be other spiritual beings that assist the creator god different ways. **True** 6\. Abraham's home, Ur of the Chaldeans, was in Mesopotamia in the Tigris/Euphrates River valley. **True** 7\. After forgiving his brothers, Joseph encourages them to return to their homeland with their families. **False** 8\. Another name for the entire Hebrew Bible is the Hebrew word Torah. **False** 9\. The text that Christian communities refer to as the Old Testament is referred to as the Tanakh within Judaism. **True** 10\. When Yahweh first spoke to Abram, he told Abram exactly where he and his family were going and how they were to get there. **False** **Module 4 M/C** 1\. What is the significance of Cyrus the Great in Jewish history? A\) Destroying the First Temple B\) Leading the Jewish people into Babylon C\) Allowing Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple \* D\) Forcing Jews to practice Zoroastrianism 2\. What influence did Persian rule have on Judaism? A\) Introduction of Monotheism B\) Introduction of the concept of a messiah C\) Shift towards a more eschatological view of history D\) All of the above \* 3\. What is a central theme of the Jewish tradition of contending with God as reflected in the Hebrew Bible? A. The inevitability of human suffering B. A relationship with God based on unquestioning obedience C. Faith as a dynamic relationship involving dialogue and struggle \* D. The rejection of divine justice 4\. What does the Torah primarily contain? A\) Songs and proverbs B\) Instructions and laws \* C\) Apocalyptic visions D\) Histories of kings 5\. What does the name \"Israel,\" given to Jacob, signify? A. \"Blessed by God\" B. \"Chosen by God\" C. \"One who struggles with God\" \* D. \"Messenger of God\" 6\. Which biblical figure challenged God by negotiating to save the righteous in Sodom and Gomorrah? A. Job B. Abraham \* C. Moses D. Jacob 7\. The feature of Zoroastrian theology that concerns the final events of history, a theology that is shared by Judaism, and can be described as an apocalyptic vision is known as A. Monotheism B. Monolatry C. Henotheism D. Eschatology \* 8\. The belief that the world is a battleground between good and evil is known as A. End of Days B. Apocalypticism C. Cosmic Dualism \* D. Eschatology 8\. When the kingdom of Israel falls to an enemy many of its inhabitants were removed from the land by the conquerors. The name of that conquering kingdom was A. Babylon B. Persia C. Assyria \* D. Philistia 9\. Some years later the southern kingdom is conquered, the temple destroyed, and those people are exiled. The southern kingdom is conquered by A. Philistia B. Assyria C. Persia D. Babylon \* 10\. Completed when Solomon was king of Israel, this important site and sacrificial center was destroyed by the Babylonians. A The Samgha B The Temple \* C The Shakti D The Mazda