Speech Recognition, Natural Language, & Computer Vision

# Speech Recognition Speech recognition is a technology where computers recognize human language to perform such task. In later years, speech recognition reached a practical level for limited purposes. This technology supposedly will replace the use of keyboard because you will just give instructio...

# Speech Recognition Speech recognition is a technology where computers recognize human language to perform such task. In later years, speech recognition reached a practical level for limited purposes. This technology supposedly will replace the use of keyboard because you will just give instructions to the computer. But human went back to the use of keyboard and mouse because of convenience in using them. # Understanding Natural Language Understanding natural language allows computers to understand natural human languages. Research are still working in progress in developing systems that converse in natural language, perceive and respond to their surroundings, and encode and provide useful access to all human knowledge and expertise. Natural-language processing offers the greatest potential rewards because it would allow people to interact with computers without needing any specialized knowledge. You could simply walk up to a computer and talk to it. Unfortunately, programming computers to understand natural languages has proved to be more difficult than originally thought of. # Computer Vision Computer vision makes useful decisions about real physical objects and scenes based on sensed images. This is to make images and objects as real as it can be. At present, there are only limited ways of representing three-dimensional information directly, and they are not as good as what humans evidently use. # Expert Systems Expert systems refer to programming computers to make decisions in real life situations such as helping doctors diagnose disease based on symptoms. In the early 1980s, expert systems were believed to represent the future of artificial intelligence and of computers in general. To date, however, they have not lived up to the expectations. Many expert systems help human experts in such fields as medicine and engineering, but they are very expensive to produce and are helpful only in special situations. # Heuristic Classification Heuristic classification is one of the most feasible kinds of expert system given the present knowledge of AI. This will put some information in one of a fixed set of categories using several sources of information. An example is advising whether to accept a proposed credit card purchase. Information is available about the owner of the credit card, his record of payment and the item he is buying and about the establishment from which he is buying it (e.g., about whether there have been previous credit card frauds at this establishment). # Intranet and Extranet Intranet is a private network contained in an enterprise that includes connections through one or more gateway computers to the outside Internet. Its purpose is to share company information and computing resources among employees. It can also facilitate working in groups and teleconferences. On the other hand, extranet is a private network that uses the Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share a part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company. It has also been described as a "state of mind" in which the Internet is perceived to do business with other companies as well as to sell products to customers. # Web Browser In order to use Internet, you must have a web browser installed on your computer to access different web pages and sites. A web browser is an application software allowing users to access and view web pages. A web page is a page consisting of HTML documents stored on a web server. In contrast, web sites are a collection of connected web pages stored on a web server. The most popular web browsers nowadays are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox which is downloadable for free. The appearance of a web page or site varies depending on the versions of the web browsers. For higher versions of browsers, the animation and appearance of the page and site are more enhanced because of their added support for animation, virtual reality, and sound files. # Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Many areas of hypertext have become a reality on today's Web. Every Web page is based on a document stored in a file identified by a unique address, called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or a web address. You can type the URL to the Address bar of a web browser to access any documents. Another way is by clicking an underlined word or phrase called a hypertext link (or simply “link” or “hyperlink”) to access related documents. An example of a URL is http://www.google.com, while example of a link is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink # Types of Websites - **Portals:** are sites that offers you a variety of Internet services such as search engine/or subject directory, news, sports and weather, free web publishing services, reference tools such as yellow pages, stock quotes and maps, shopping malls and auctions, email and other forms of online communication. - **News web sites** provides you newsworthy material including stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and weather. Most news that is uploaded on the Internet is not included in the print because it is the most updated media. Newspapers, televisions, and radios are the ones that maintain the news web sites. - **Educational web sites** offer you exciting and challenging course in formal and informal teaching and learning. There exist many educational web sites that allow online training for employees and classes for colleges. Most instructors use these types of web sites to enhance classroom teaching by publishing course materials, grades, and other related class information. - **Entertainment web sites** offer users an interactive and engaging environment. Popular entertainment web sites offer music, videos, sports, games, ongoing web episodes, and the likes. Other complicated web sites tie up with other networks to allow users to vote in their polls on television shows. # Google Google is the largest search engine in the web whose purpose is to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful. Queries received by Google reaches several hundred millions each day through its various services. As of February 2004, Google received 2.5 billion queries. # Yahoo! Yahoo! is the first navigational portal to the web created by Jerry Yang and David Filo, both electrical engineering graduates at Stanford University. They built this portal by creating and organizing their own favorite web sites in 1994. The next year, Yang and Filo, together with some fellow students named it Yahoo! and released it to the Internet community. # Mobile Commerce Mobile Commerce is a subset of e-commerce that utilizes mobile phones and Palm devices for transactions. This has mostly gained popularity in Japan and Europe, where it uses new wireless technology to supplement established online business models. Phone-based 3G, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth are the main technologies utilized in mobile commerce. Even if this technology is a letdown in the US, it is always improving. ## Benefits of B2C to Business - Lower distribution costs - New business opportunities - More accurate and up-to-date consumer data (potentially anyway) - Opportunity for added value services - Better customer support - Lower operating costs ## Benefits of E-commerce to Consumers - Customers may conduct business through e-commerce from virtually anywhere, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year - Customers have more options thanks to e-commerce since they may choose from a wide variety of sellers and items. - Why Customers commonly find cheaper goods and services through e-commerce because it enables them to search around and make rapid comparisons. - Rather than waiting days or weeks for information, customers may now get it right away. ## Richness It is possible to send text, audio, and video communications. Each of them is incorporated into a single marketing message and consumer experience. ## Interactivity Through user contact, the technology functions. Customers participate in a conversation that dynamically adapts the experience to each person and involves them in the process of getting products to market. ## Global Reach The technology is applicable everywhere on Earth, spanning national borders. Cross-cultural and cross-national commerce is possible without hindrance or change. Potentially billions of clients and millions of companies are included in the term “marketspace” globally ## Universal Standards There is just one set of technological norms, and those are the Internet norms. Around the world, there is just one set of technical media standards. ## Building EC In-house Building EC in-house may be quite expensive, and any errors brought on by inexperience could cause delays. Although there are numerous prospects for outsourcing, it can be difficult to know where and how to start. ## Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) C2C is a sort of e-commerce where users sell to other customers directly. Examples include people advertising in classified advertisements on websites like www.buyandsell.com.ph and selling homes, vehicles, cell phones, and other items. Another example of C2C is selling knowledge and skills and marketing personal services online. To promote goods for sale or services, some auction sites operate intranets and other corporate internal networks. # Brain Drain Due to the current phenomena of globalization, brain drain is a chronic issue that is seen in the Philippine educational system. It is projected that 2.3 million Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) worked overseas at any given time between April and September 2014. This continuous mass departure has severe economic repercussions as well as an unprecedented brain drain. Furthermore, the Philippine society has historically paid for the education of millions of people who go on to spend their most productive years overseas. As a result, the Philippines' already subpar educational system indirectly funds the rich economies that host the OFWs. # Mismatch The gap between educational preparation and employment opportunities is considerable. This has the potential to be a significant problem at the tertiary level and is also the root of the continued high rates of educated but jobless or underemployed persons. # Drop-out Rate (Out-of-school youth) The worrisome rate of out-of-school youngsters in the nation, according to France Castro, secretary of the Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT). According to UNESCO data, there are 1.4 million youngsters who are not enrolled in school nationwide. # Affordability of Education The third significant problem that the Philippine educational system consistently faces is the cost of education (or the lack thereof). There is a significant accomplishment gap between various social classes in terms of schooling. Students from low- and high-income, impoverished households who are socioeconomically disadvantaged have much higher dropout rates in primary school. Additionally, the majority of tertiary level freshman students come from quite wealthy backgrounds. # Budget for Education The money for education is the second problem the Philippine educational system is dealing with. The Philippines still maintains one of the lowest budget allocations to education among ASEAN nations, despite the Constitution of the Philippines mandating that the government devote the largest share of its budget to education. # Quality of Education The quality of education comes first. The results of the National Achievement Test (NAT) and the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) for the year 2014 reveal a drop in the standard of elementary and secondary education in the Philippines. # Cost Management in Education Administrations will need in-depth planning as technology advances in the education sector to guarantee appropriate investment. # Professional Development of Teachers Of course, instructors are a crucial component of the learning ecology. In order for students to experience the best of the current technology, it is crucial to acquaint them with the competences and abilities of the current generation. This only serves to increase the demand for professional development courses as they may improve their lateral thinking skills while also learning new teaching-learning methodologies. To enable instructors of all grade levels have an influence on current learning patterns, school officials are taking steps to arrange these programs and training. Surprisingly, the tendency is now evident at educational institutions in the public and private sectors. # Online Education in the Philippines In the Philippines, online education is a new frontier. This suggests a platform for offering instruction to students in remote locations via videos and tutorials, where they may do so for a reasonable price. Numerous schools around the country have chosen the Dynamic Learning Program (DLP) and Learning Management System (LMS) as cutting-edge instructional frameworks. These can aid in learning even if students are unable to attend class. In the Philippine educational system, the following are now the norm: - Internet allowed school operations - teachers meet online with the students to stay connected with them - school administration meets online to follow-up on tasks - online classes to ensure that students continue to receive the intervention needed, - and to facilitate skills across different platforms and settings ## Benefits of Ecommerce The benefits of ecommerce to merchants or organizations are as follows: - National and international marketplaces are added to the marketplace via electronic commerce. A firm may simply and rapidly find the greatest suppliers, the most suited business partners internationally, and more clients with little investment in money. - Paper-based information creation, processing, distribution, and retrieval costs are reduced by e-commerce. Companies can reduce the administrative expenses associated with purchasing, for instance, by using an electronic procurement system. - The period between capital expenditure and the receiving of goods and services is shortened by e-commerce. The benefits of ecommerce to consumers are as follows: - Customers may conduct business through e-commerce from virtually anywhere, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. - Customers have more options thanks to e-commerce since they may choose from a wide variety of sellers and items. - Why Customers commonly find cheaper goods and services through e-commerce because it enables them to search around and make rapid comparisons. - Rather than waiting days or weeks for information, customers may now get it right away. - Ubiquity - Internet/Web technology is accessible anywhere, anytime, via mobile devices, including at work, at home, and elsewhere. The boundaries of the market are no longer applicable, and it is no longer restricted by time or place. There is now a "marketspace" where people may shop. Both customer convenience and shopping prices are improved. - Global Reach - The technology is applicable everywhere on Earth, spanning national borders. Cross-cultural and cross-national commerce is possible without hindrance or change. Potentially billions of clients and millions of companies are included in the term “marketspace” globally - Universal Standards – There is just one set of technological norms, and those are the Internet norms. Around the world, there is just one set of technical media standards. - Cost and justification - Building EC in-house may be quite expensive, and any errors brought on by inexperience could cause delays. Although there are numerous prospects for outsourcing, it can be difficult to know where and how to start. - instructional materials were prepared in such a way that there would be lesser online meetings and in consideration of the students who don't have gadgets and have limited Internet access