Final Exam Review Adult Health 2 PDF

z Final Exam Review Adult Health 2 z Chapter 14: Acid Base  Metabolic acidosis: a metabolic problem due to the buildup of acid in the body fluids which affects the bicarbonate (HCO3 levels) either from:  increased ac...

z Final Exam Review Adult Health 2 z Chapter 14: Acid Base  Metabolic acidosis: a metabolic problem due to the buildup of acid in the body fluids which affects the bicarbonate (HCO3 levels) either from:  increased acid production (ex: DKA where ketones (acids) increase in the body which decreases bicarbonate)  decreased acid excretion (ex: renal failure where there is high amount of waste left in the body which causes the acids to increase and bicarb can’t control imbalance)  loss of too much bicarb (diarrhea) z  Metabolic alkalosis: a metabolic problem caused by the excessive loss of acids (H+) or increased amount of bicarb (HCO3) produced in the body that leads to an alkalotic state in the body. Disease processes and drugs can cause metabolic alkalosis (excessive vomiting, NG tube suctioning, Lasix)  Respiratory acidosis: Main cause of respiratory acidosis is bradypnea (slow respiratory rate 28. z  Respiratory alkalosis: Main cause of respiratory alkalosis is tachypnea (fast respiratory rate >20 bpm which causes CO2 to decrease in the lungs)  When this happens the following lab values are affected:  Blood pH increases (>7.45)  Carbon dioxide levels increase (45 and low PO2