Final Arts 6.3 Life Pictures, 7 Lessons PDF

UNIT 3: Life Pictures Table of Contents Introduction 4 Review 5 Lesson 1: Silk Screen Printing...

UNIT 3: Life Pictures Table of Contents Introduction 4 Review 5 Lesson 1: Silk Screen Printing 6 Learning Targets 6 Warm-up 7 Learn about It! 8 Check Your Understanding 11 Hands-On 12 Hearts-On 13 Lesson 2: Printing Designs 14 Learning Targets 14 Warm-up 14 Learn about It! 15 Check Your Understanding 19 Hands-On 20 Hearts-On 22 Lesson 3: The Process of Silk Screen Printing 23 Learning Targets 23 Warm-up 23 Learn about It! 24 Check Your Understanding 29 Hands-On 29 Hearts-On 31 1 Lesson 4: My Printed Shirt 32 Learning Targets 32 Warm-up 32 Learn about It! 33 Check Your Understanding 38 Hands-On 38 Hearts-On 40 Lesson 5: The Art of Taking Photos 41 Learning Targets 41 Warm-up 41 Learn about It! 42 Check Your Understanding 47 Hands-On 48 Hearts-On 49 Lesson 6: Understanding the Camera 50 Learning Targets 50 Warm-up 50 Learn about It! 51 Check Your Understanding 55 Hands-On 56 Hearts-On 57 Lesson 7: My Photo Essay 58 Learning Targets 58 Warm-up 58 Learn about It! 59 Check Your Understanding 63 Hands-On 63 Hearts-On 65 Did You Know? 66 Wrap Up 66 2 Self-Check 67 Bibliography 69 Glossary 72 3 GRADE 6 UNIT 3 Life Pictures Figure 1.1 A presentation of life pictures. Photo from pixabay.com Introduction Nowadays, teenagers love to wear different kinds of outfits with printed designs. In this unit, we will know the process of how to print your designs in your shirts and how to express your feelings and emotions by taking photos. 4  Review In this unit, we will be making a silk screen printing and all about photography. Let us recall some of the terms that will help understand the succeeding lessons. Digital Painting is a painting technique that uses a computer. Digital Poster is a poster created using modern technology. Graphic Design is the art of combining text and pictures for print and digital media. Layout is how parts are laid out or arranged. 5 Lesson 1: Silk Screen Printing Silk screen printing is one of the most popular techniques in printing. It is also the most-used of every company when it comes to printing designs onto different shapes and sizes. In this lesson, you will know what silkscreen all about. Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: know that design principles still apply for any new design (contrast of colors, shapes, and lines produces harmony) whether done by hand or machine; know what silk screen printing is; make an outline design you will use for silk screen printing; and explain the importance of silk screen printing. 6  Warm-up 4 Pics 1 Answer Find the answer using the pictures below. Fig 1.1 Source: pixabay.com 7  Learn about It! Silk Screen Printing Silk Screen Printing is a method involving printing ink through stenciling. Here, a porous fabric mesh stretched across a frame called a screen is used to transfer designs. Also known as Serigraph, this term came from two Greek words - seicos, which means silk, and graphos, which means writing. It is a printing technique that is forcing the ink using a stencil onto the paper with a squeegee. Fig 1.2 A picture of Silk Screen Printing. Photo from pixabay.com History of Silk Screen Printing The use of stencils in transferring designs can be traced in Egypt, where it is used for decorating tombs. The Greeks, on the other hand, used it in creating mosaics. In China, stencils are used in the production of the images of Buddha. They called it “silk-screen printing” because the main material is silk. Due to the high cost of silk during that time and the unavailability of materials, it did not gain popularity in Europe in its early years. Now that the materials are available everywhere at a very affordable price, silk screen printing is now a popular technique of printmaking in the world. 8 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Silk Screen Printing There are many advantages in doing silk screen printing, but one thing it makes unique is how it creates a visual result. The benefits of this kind of printing technique are: It is cheap and reusable. You can use the old frame by just washing it to produce more copies. You can use it on many surfaces like fabric, metals, plastic, and glass. The used inks are very durable, particularly for outdoor uses. The ink color used is extremely vivid You can print on huge materials and objects. Here are some of its disadvantages: The process is time-consuming, especially in making the frames. Each color needs to be separated when printing. Since you can use it in many sizes and shapes, you'll need enough space to work. Uses of Silk screen Printing Silk Screen Printing is popular in the textile industry. It can be used in transferring graphic designs to fabric such as silk, cotton, polyester, and organza. Printed fabrics are used in making dresses, skirts, shirts, children's clothes, curtains, cushion covers, bed sheets, upholstery, linen, and others. Silk Screen Printing is also used in marketing and advertising like making posters, flyers, and other many other forms. Some business company uses silk screen to print labels on glassware, bottles, plastic containers, and others. It is much cheaper than digitally printed designs. 9 10  Check Your Understanding A. List down the advantages of using silk screen printing. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. True or False. Write true if the statement is correct and false if otherwise. 1. Cotton is an example of a fabric where silk screen can be used. 2. Silk screen printing is more expensive than digital printing. 3. It is possible to print designs using a silk screen in a t-shirt. 4. Making frames for silk screen printing is time-consuming. 5. Silk screen printing can be used in fabric, glass, and plastic. 11  Hands-On Silk Screen Design Materials: Oslo Paper pencil Coloring Materials Directions: Draw your own design you want to use for your silk screen printing. The theme of your design is about your life. You will be graded based on the rubric below. Apprentice Novice Master CRITERIA (0-2 pts) (3-6 pts) (7-10 pts) General The artist used primary colors Criteria blended with secondary and intermediate colors in the artwork. The artist used letters and geometric shapes in the artwork. The artist used values (lightness and darkness) in the artwork. The artist made good use of emphasis in the artwork. The artist shows the contrast and harmony in the artwork. Content- The artwork depicts a specific Specific designs about his/her life. Criteria 12  The artwork presents the design in details. The artwork is appropriate to the theme. The artwork shows originality. The artwork promotes appreciation for silk screen printing. TOTAL Key Guide Questions 1. What is the relevance of your design to your life? 2. How did you use the principles of arts in your drawing? 3. How can silk screen printing express oneself? Hearts-On Read the feelings and situations listed carefully. Reflect and check the corresponding boxes for your answers. Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree. The silk screen printing is one of the easiest styles in printmaking. The silk screen printing is very useful. Silk screen printing can be a good way of expressing oneself. 13 Lesson 2: Printing Designs In our daily lives, we used to see different ways to communicate. It can be through technologies and social media. But we should not forget the traditional informative way such as newspapers and brochures. In this lesson, you will know the different printing design used for communication. Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: understands that digital technology has speeded up the printing of original designs and made it accessible to many, as emphasized in t-shirts and poster designs; appreciate how printing designs helps us in communication; and enumerate the different printing design used for communication. Warm-up Read me! Describe the picture below. Do the covers of the books and comics attract you? Fig 2.1 Comic books and posters. 14  Learn about It! We can see print designs everywhere, from our homes to when we go to work or school. From morning until evening, they can be spotted. Print Design Print design is a graphic design process. Designs can be created using different software and applications like Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator. They can be printed on materials like paper, metal, ceramic, and plastic. The main purpose of print design is to convey information to different people through visual communication. Nowadays, it is used for marketing and brand awareness. Banner Banners can be used for commercial and personal messages and are commonly printed on vinyl. Long ago, banners were handwritten using ink or paint and the design was created manually. Nowadays, computers are being used to format print designs. They make the process easier and faster. Fig 2.2 An example of a banner printed on vinyl. 15 Book Covers Each book has its content and message to communicate with its readers. Book covers give an idea of what the book is all about. In print design, the book cover must be appealing to the readers and should provide details on the content of the book. Brochures Brochures help the organizations and institutions give more information about their company. The design usually includes the website link of the company, their logo, and their CTA (call-to-action). These designs are arranged together to communicate a message intended. 16 Label and Packaging When buying products, the packaging and label design help attract the customers. They also give necessary information such as manufacturing place and date, expiration, ingredients or materials, instructions, and others. Posters Posters are large pictures or advertisements that are printed on a big paper. It contains words and images combined to send a message to the people who passes-by. The colors, positioning, and words are combined to convey a message. 17 Shopping Bags Shopping bags are very important in our industries nowadays. It helps us carry everything, especially when we are buying. Shopping bags are also a way of promoting the product because it is usually reused over and over again. T-Shirts T-shirt designs can be for promotional purposes or to show a personal message about one's image like concerts, bands, tourist souvenirs, and merchandise. T-shirt design is usually printed on its front side, but you can also put the design on the back or the sleeves. 18  Check Your Understanding A. Answer this question. In what things can we put print designs? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 19  B. True or False. Write true if the statement is correct and false if otherwise. 1. Banners can be used for commercial and personal messages. 2. Print designs are everywhere. 3. The print design adds to the appeal of a product. 4. The main purpose of print design is to convey information to different people through visual communication. 5. Print design cannot be used in books because it conveyed too much information. Hands-On Making Design using Technology Materials: Desktop/laptop Directions: Using your desktop or laptop, make your design with the theme “Life.” Your design must have a connection to your life. After making your outline or design, you will use that for the next printing activity. Apprentice Novice Master CRITERIA (0-2 pts) (3-6 pts) (7-10 pts) General The artist used primary colors Criteria blended with secondary and intermediate colors in the artwork. The artist used letters and geometric shapes in the artwork. The artist used values (lightness 20  and darkness) in the artwork. The artist made good use of emphasis in the artwork. The artist shows the contrast and harmony in the artwork. Content- The artwork depicts a specific Specific designs about his/her life. Criteria The artwork presents the design in details. The artwork is appropriate to the theme. The artwork shows originality. The artwork promotes appreciation for print designs. TOTAL Key Guide Questions 1. Why did you choose that specific designs? 2. What is the connection of your design to your life? 3. What is the importance of printing designs? 21  Hearts-On Read the feelings and situations listed carefully. Reflect and check the corresponding boxes for your answers. Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree. Printing designs convey information. Printed designs are part of our lives. Printed Design is worth studying. 22 Lesson 3: The Process of Silk Screen Printing We know that the silk screen is one way of printing designs. In this lesson, we will know more about it. We will study the process and materials to use. Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: apply concepts on the steps/procedure in silkscreen printing; appreciate the process of silk screen printing; and Identify the materials in silkscreen printing. Warm-up Silk Screen Printing Review What are the advantages and disadvantages of silk screen printing? Complete the table with your answers. Silk Screen Printing Advantages Disadvantages 23  Learn about It! Let us see what the materials and process in silk screen printing are. Materials for Silk Screen Printing 1. Design In preparing your design, it can be a cut-out drawing or use of an application such as Adobe Photoshop. The design must be simple and clear. Bold and thick lines are advised because printing fine-lined details are time-consuming. 2. Material to be printed In screen printing, it can be done on anything made from fabric like bags, T-shirts, or a piece of fabric you want to hang as a piece of art. Silkscreen printing can also be done in transferring designs to wood, plastic, glass, and others. Make sure that it is clean, free from dirt, and ready to absorb ink or paint. 3. Screen Frame The screen is usually made of wood covered with fine mesh. Mesh is threads or wires in which ink will pass through when transferring a design onto the material. You can also use a metal screen because it is durable and will stand a lot of printings and washings. 4. Screen Printing ink Choosing the right ink for silk screen printing is important. The most common inks used are the Plastisol ink and water-based ink. Plastisol ink is thick and durable and provides precise details. It also stays on the screen for a long period without drying out. Water-based ink is recommended to printers who don't have any experience in printing. It would give a softer feel if you compare it with Plastisol ink. However, it takes longer to dry and requires a heat source. 5. Squeegee A squeegee is a tool made of vinyl or rubber blade with a wooden handle. It is used to drive the ink or paint by pressing it to the screen. 24  Fig. 3.1 An example of a squeegee used to spread ink or paint. Photo from pixabay.com Process of Silk Screen Printing In this lesson, you will know the process of silk screen printing for beginners. Step 1: Make your desired design. You can draw it on to a piece of paper or print it. Step 2: Cut it out and using the rest of it as a stencil. Use a cutter to cut out all the parts of your design. Keep the blank paper intact. You have now a stencil. 25  Fig. 3.4 Place the stencil on top of the shirt. Step 3: Put the stencil on top of your material. It can be a paper or t-shirt and put the screen on top of the stencil. Make sure that the stencil and the silk screen are directly touching each other. If there is space between the edges of your stencil and sides of your screen, put masking tape on the mesh so the paint won't leak where it shouldn't. Step 4: Put some paint. Make a line at the top of the screen far from the stencil design, so that you will be able to put an equal amount of it across the stencil. Put enough paint that will cover the stencil. Step 5: Use a squeegee to spread the paint over the mesh. Do a vertical stroke that will cover the design; this will make it smooth and easy to dry. When you reach the bottom, keep going and scoop the excess paint to be reused. Step 6: Remove everything from your material. Be careful! If you drag it, all the paint may smudge. It's best to remove it one by one. Step 7: Let it dry. Make sure not to touch the design yet until it is thoroughly dried up. To make the design long-lasting put a tracing paper over your design and iron it. 26 27 28  Check Your Understanding A. Answer the following question. What are the materials used in silk screen printing? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. True or False. Write true if the statement is correct and false if otherwise. 1. Silk Screen Printing is a form of art. 2. Silk Screen Printing can only be done on fabrics. 3. Mesh is a kind of fabric used in silk screen. 4. You can use any ink on silk screen. 5. The most crucial step in making a silk screen is the application of tape. Hands-On Silk screen Printing in Plywood Materials: Silkscreen Squeegee Plywood Ink or Paint Directions: As what you have learned in the previous lesson, you will use your design by following the process of Silk Screen Printing, but this time, you will print it in a plywood and display it in your room right after. You will be graded based on the rubric below. 29  Apprentice Novice Master CRITERIA (0-2 pts) (3-6 pts) (7-10 pts) General The artist used primary colors Criteria blended with secondary and intermediate colors in the artwork. The artist used letters and geometric shapes in the artwork. The artist used values (lightness and darkness) in the artwork. The artist made good use of emphasis in the artwork. The artist shows the contrast and harmony in the artwork. Content- The artwork depicts a specific Specific designs about his/her life. Criteria The artwork presents the design in details. The artwork is appropriate to the theme. The artwork shows originality. The artist follow the procedure in printing design using a silk screen. TOTAL 30  Key Guide Questions 1. Where did you get the materials you used in the activity? 2. Did you find it difficult to find the right materials? 3. How did you follow the process? 4. Which is the easiest/most difficult part of the activity? Hearts-On Read the feelings and situations listed carefully. Reflect and check the corresponding boxes for your answers. Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree. Printing using silk screen is fun and enjoyable. Printing using silk screen is a good experience for me. Silk screen printing is worth studying. 31 Lesson 4: My Printed Shirt Love personalizing things? How about trying printing your shirt with your favorite design? In this lesson, you will learn about the types of T-shirt printing. Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: produces own prints from original design to silkscreen printing to convey a message or statement; enumerate the types of a printed shirt; and appreciate the different process of a printed shirt. Warm-up My Favorite T-Shirt Describe your favorite T-shirt. Guide Questions: 1. What is its color? 2. What is its design? 3. Why is it your favorite? 32  Learn about It! There are different ways of printing shirt. It can be manually or with the use of modern technology. Ways of Printing T-shirts 1. Screen printing. If you see printed graphics on your shirt then probably you are wearing where the process is screen printed. Among the different types of shirt, this is the most common method. Fig. 4.1 A step in Silk Screen Printing. Source: Manolis Angelakis, OSCAL 2017 silkscreen printed materials 28, CC BY 4.0 How to do it? A screen which serves a template is made of mesh. A burning process produces the template; the image is burned on the mesh screen. After burning, you need to wash the template so that the image will rise. Next is to place the t-shirt on the top of the screen and fill up with ink with a squeegee. Let the design dry on the shirt. 33  Advantages: 1. For mass production 2. Multiple colors are allowed 3. smooth and long lasting printing Disadvantage: 1. Not best for small production 2. Can be messy if you do it manually 3. Buying automatic will cost high 2. Direct-to-Garment (DTG). In the Direct-to-Garment procedure, you need to be a professional if you decide to do this kind of t-shirt printing. If you have a DTG printer, then you can use the process, but you have to work with textile ink. It works on white. You can also do mass production, but it costs too much and can't be done in your house. If you have a design that is too complicated, then choose DTG rather than screen printing. How to do it? All you need to have first is a DTG printer and then upload a design on your computer. The computer will help you adjust your picture and become more attractive. Then, place your shirt on a big flatbed. Your t-shirt will be printed. Advantages: 1. It offers you a soft feeling. 2. It can perform patterns with mix colors. 3. It can do one-stuff design. Disadvantages: 1. The machine cost too high. 2. You need a lot of space if you use this process. 3. It can't be used on a dark fabric. 34 3. Sublimation Printing. If you want to cover the whole t-shirt with your design, then you may use this process. The typical design patterns in sublimation printing are the galaxy print and repeated patterns. But you need someone who has a professional skill to operate the machine. Also, you need polyester fabrics instead of cotton. Fig. 4.2 A t-shirt printed using sublimation printing process. Source: Perky Apparel, Sublimation T-shirt, CC BY-SA 4.0 How to do it? In the process of sublimation, heat and press process is included. A particular type of liquid dye is released on an inkjet paper. To transfer the ink, you will have to apply heat and pressure. By heat and pressure, the fabric's molecules expand and make space for the ink that turns into a gas which enters those gaps. It depends on the material what temperature content, time measurement, and volume of the pressure will be. The ink will be sublimated when it dries on the fabric. Advantages 1. It has a unique design 2. It has a permanent image. 3. It has extraordinary colors. 35  Disadvantages 1. It is a slow printing process. 2. You need more than 50 garments to make a profit. 3. You need a 100% polyester fabric. 4. Vinyl Printing. In this method, you need soft and special garments, as well as a special cutter to cut the garments. The vinyl printing method is best for small graphics and words. It also brightens the fluorescent colors in the dark in this method. However, you will need a specialized vinyl. How to do it? You need a computer for this process. A cutter vinyl machine will cut the design like words and graphics. Then, it will be placed on the t-shirts through heat pressing. Advantages: 1. It is best for any period. 2. You can use any colors. 3. Small space is enough. Disadvantages: 1. Its flexibility is less than screen printing. 2. You need a special cutter and a heat pressing. 3. You need to learn how to use specific software and hardware. 5. Heat Transfer. This method is very simple and easy. Heat transfer printing can do for small production. The primary method in this process is heat pressing, but it is cheaper than DTG. How to do it? You need to print the design first, and you have to place it upon the garments in a heat press machine. There is a required time in allowing the design to transfer into the garments. After the cooling process, you will see the result. 36 Advantages: 1. It is a cheap and easy process. 2. It is preferable for small production. 3. It is suitable for a home process. Disadvantages: 1. It is slower than other methods. 2. Its quality is not as good as the other methods. 3. It is not durable and long lasting. 37  Check Your Understanding A. Enumerate the ways of printing T-shirt. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. True or False. Write true if the statement is correct and false if otherwise. 1. Smooth and long-lasting printed design is a disadvantage of screen printing. 2. DTG procedure needs a machine that costs too much. 3. In DTG procedure, you can use patterns with mixed colors. 4. In the process of sublimation, heat and press process is not included. 5. Sublimation process produces a permanent printed design. Hands-On T-shirt Printing using Silk Screen Materials: Silk screen Squeegee ink or paint Design (Previous activity) 38 Directions: In this lesson, you will need the design we did the last lesson. You will now make a T-shirt design using silk screen, the easiest way of printing design. You will be graded based on the rubric below. Apprentice Novice Master CRITERIA (0-2 pts) (3-6 pts) (7-10 pts) General The artist used primary colors Criteria blended with secondary and intermediate colors in the artwork. The artist used letters and geometric shapes in the artwork. The artist used values (lightness and darkness) in the artwork. The artist made good use of emphasis in the artwork. The artist shows the contrast and harmony in the artwork. Content- The artwork depicts a specific Specific designs about his/her life. Criteria The artwork presents the design in details. The artwork is appropriate to the theme. The artwork shows originality. The artist follow the procedure in printing design using a silk screen. TOTAL 39  Key Guide Questions 1. In what ways are silk screen printing on plywood and on t-shirts similar? 2. In what ways are they different? 3. How can printing design change the way a shirt looks? 4. What realizations did you have after finishing the activity? Hearts-On Read the feelings and situations listed carefully. Reflect and check the corresponding boxes for your answers. Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree. The silk screen printing is a wonderful printing technique. Silk screen printing can be done on different materials. Different types of printed shirt is worth studying. Lesson 5: The Art of Taking Photos 40 Children nowadays love taking photos. They used to capture beautiful places, sunrise, animals, and even their outfit for the day. In this lesson, you will learn what photography and the art of taking photos are. Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: realize that art processes, elements, and principles still apply even with the use of technologies; understand the concepts and principles of photography; create beautiful photos using a mobile phone; and appreciate the art of photography. Warm-up Pictures with Different Filters Describe the photo below. What is the subject of the photo? Is there a difference in each photo? How do filters change the way a picture looks? Fig. 5.1 A picture with different filters. Source: Ragesoss, Instagram collage with 15 different filters, CC BY-SA 3.0 41  Learn about It! It is nice to take photos. Photos help us to reminisce the beautiful experience we had. Now here the tips on how to show art in taking pictures. What is Photography? Photography is an art of capturing light through a camera, or the art of taking pictures. Photography helps you to understand your point of view on significant parts of life. It helps us to communicate by merely capturing photos. Photography also gives creative fulfillment to others. It helps you to express your feelings artistically. Photography can be a reason for you to go to different places and meet new people. Photography is informative and inspirational. Lastly, photography is a journey. Fig. 5.2 A picture of man taking photos. 42 Painting and Photography There is a difference between painting and photography. In painting, you can choose whatever color, material, and tool you want to use to show your imagination. In photography, without the right subject, right color, light, and background, you can't make images. Principles of Art in Photography 1. Balance. The visual weight of an image is illustrated by balance. It can create division, or it can also unite photographs. A balanced picture leads to a sense of stability, while an unbalanced image creates disunity. You can achieve balance in three ways: Symmetry - it creates a mirror image and reflects the same subject matter on both sides. Asymmetry - a contrast of elements that balance a photo. Radial symmetry - elements are spaced equally around a central point. 2. Rhythm. The concept of rhythm is from music theory. Like musicians reading notes on a music sheet, subject in a space regulate the way we view a picture. It dictates the organized distribution of the elements throughout an image. 3. Pattern. It is the repetition of the elements of art and design. It is the organization of the features of the design. It lifts an image off the page. 4. Emphasis. It creates the center of interest of an image. It determines the focus of a picture. It draws the viewer’s eye. To be able to create emphasis in a photograph, you can have a subject located in the center of an image, wherein size also matters, as well as colors. 5. Contrast. It is the opposition of elements being present in an image. It can be light against dark. 6. Unity. It is the visual relationship of elements in a photograph. It helps create a cohesive image. It is the right combination of elements present in a photograph. 43  7. Movement. It is the relationship between the subject and the camera’s shutter speed. Taking Photos Using Mobile Phones There are a lot of cameras that we can use to take good photos, but here is a tip on how you can use your mobile phones to capture great pictures. 1. Use gridlines. In using grid lines, it will help you to balance your shot, especially when taking pictures using your phones. It is the most effective way to improve your shots. In turning on the gridlines, it should be broken down into thirds, both horizontally and vertically. Fig. 5.3 Gridlines in mobile phones. To activate your gridlines in your mobile phones: 1. Open the camera app. 2. Go to settings. 3. And switch gridlines option to on. 2. Get closer. You will lose a lot of details when you use a mobile phone camera's digital zoom. Instead, you can move a little closer to your subject and see if it produces improvements. You will know the difference between using the digital zoom and getting a little closer to the subject. 44 3. Lose the filters. Before, filters are attractive in editing your photos. You must try editing your photos without filters. There are various mobile applications like Snapseed, Lightroom, and Photoshop Express that you can try to manually edit. 4. Clean the lens. Since you don't have a lens cap to protect your phone's camera from fingerprints and lint from your pocket, it can affect your lens resulting in blurry images. In solution to this, you must buy lens cloth and some cleaner. 5. Try taking pictures from weird angles. If you want memorable photos, try taking pictures from weird angles. You can see different perspective like a bird's eye view. To do this perspective, you need to position yourself above your subject. How about the perspective of a child or a dog? You can do this by lying down or crouching on the ground. Fig. 5.5 An example of a photo from the bird’s eye perspective. Photo from pixabay.com 45 6. Forget the flash. In using flash on your mobile phone, you make people’s eyes turn red devil eyes. Try using natural light since it is always better than the artificial. In alternative sources of light, wait for the opportunity and try to work with your environment. Fig. 5.6 A photoshoot using artificial lights. Source: "This work" by Model:Michelle Bruegger / Shoot: Wendelin Jacober is licensed under CC BY 2.0 46  Check Your Understanding A. Write the 5 Principles of Art in Photography. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. True or False. Write true if the statement is correct or false if otherwise. 1. Photography is an art of taking pictures. 2. Capturer is what you call a person who captures a picture. 3. A beautiful photo can only be made using beautiful cameras. 4. A photo can only be edited using computer software. 5. Light is an essential factor in photography. 47  Hands-On Photography using Mobile Phones Materials: Any mobile Phone with a camera feature Directions: Ask your parents to let you use their phones for this activity. Look around your school and find a subject to capture. Make the most out of it. You must follow the tips and advice you have learned in this lesson. You will be graded based on the rubric below. Apprentice Novice Master CRITERIA (0-2 pts) (3-6 pts) (7-10 pts) General The artist used primary colors Criteria blended with secondary and intermediate colors in the artwork. The artist used letters and geometric shapes in the artwork. The artist used values (lightness and darkness) in the artwork. The artist made good use of emphasis in the artwork. The artist shows the basics of Photography. Content- The photo depicts a good Specific subject. Criteria The photo is taken based on 48  the tips and advice in the lesson. The artwork is appropriate to the audience. The artwork shows originality. The artwork promotes appreciation for mobile phone photography. TOTAL Key Guide Questions 1. How and why did you choose your subject? 2. How did you use the elements and principles of photography? 3. What do you feel about this activity Hearts-On Read the feelings and situations listed carefully. Reflect and check the corresponding boxes for your answers. Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree. The Mobile Phone photography is fun and enjoyable The elements and principles in photography is important. The art of taking photos is worth studying. 49 Lesson 6: Understanding the Camera We use a camera as a tool to capture moments. In this lesson, you will learn about the different types of camera, its history, and its parts. Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: identify the parts and functions of the camera (point and shoot or phone camera); enumerate the different parts of a camera; and appreciate the history of the camera and its importance. Warm-up Think-Pair-Share Describe the image below. What do you call this part of the camera? Is it important? Why or why not? Share your thoughts with a partner. Fig. 6.1 A single part of a camera. 50  Learn about It! Today, the camera makes a significant impact on everyone. We see the camera as one of the most important things to bring when we're going somewhere. It helps us to capture the happy and sad memories that happen. What is a Camera? In photography, we use a camera as a device that records an image of an object. When we take pictures, the camera's shutter opens and closes, letting the photosensitive film with light records the image onto the film. The camera also controls the amount of light when it reaches the surface inside; it could be on a film, a digital sensor, or another surface. Today, we see cameras with light-box, glass lens, and surfaces that capture light; however, the original cameras didn't have a glass lens. Fig. 6.2 A Camera Obscura. Source: Unknown, 001 a01 camera obscura abrazolas, marked as public domain, more details on Wikimedia Commons 51 History of Camera Ancient Greeks and Chinese used both the camera obscura and the pinhole camera. A Chinese philosopher named Mozi was the first person who used camera obscura. Camera obscura is an optical phenomenon where the subject is projected opposite through a hole resulting in an upside-down image. The difference between the pinhole and camera obscura is that the camera obscura uses lens while the pinhole camera is the same device but with an open hole. They use it for drawings where they can trace; however, they can preserve the images. Fig. 6.3 Timeline of Camera. 52 Timeline 1021: The Camera Obscura was invented. It was initially used for solar events and architectural drawings. 1685: The Daguerreotype camera by Louis Daguerre came out which was the most expensive camera in the world. 1826: Joseph Nicephore Niepce took the world's first photograph. The picture was taken from his window. 1888: Kodak had their first commercial camera by George Eastman called “The Brownie.” 1939: A new style of photography, capturing images of life as it occurs, happened during World War II. An example of this is the image of raising the flag on Iwo Jima by Joel Rosenthal. 1948: Polaroid introduced the Model 95 wherein they produced a secret chemical process to develop film in less than a minute. 1991: The first professional digital camera by Nikon was born. 2000: The J-SH04 was introduced as the first mobile camera phone on November 1, 2000. Parts of the Camera 1. Lens - It is the most important part of the camera where the light enters and where the photo starts to process. It can be fixed permanently to its body or it can be interchangeable. It also varies in aperture, focal length, and other details. 2. Viewfinder - It can be found on digital models and all DSLRs. It is the primary visual source for image-taking. However, some digital compacts replaced it to an LCD screen. 3. Body - It is the central part of the camera. Its body can be of different shapes and sizes. 53  In DSLRs, it is more likely to be large and bulky. But, some customers are comfortable in a more compact size. 4. Shutter Release - It is the button that releases the shutter and enables to capture images. The length of time determines the shutter speed it was exposed or left open. 5. Aperture - By changing the diameter of the lens, the aperture affects the image's exposure. It is where the amount of light reaches the image sensor controls. 6. Image Sensor - There are two types of image sensors: CMOS and CCD. Both forms have the same usage but different performance. The image sensors help to convert the optical image to an electronic signal sent to the memory card. 7. Memory card - It is where all the images are stored. It ranges in sizes and capacity. The CF and SD cards are the main types of memory cards. 8. LCD Screen - It is found on the back of the body of the camera. It is mainly for viewing photos after shooting on DSLRs. 9. Flash - It is available on all cameras except to professional-grade DSLRs. It is useful sometimes to provide extra light. 10.User Controls - Some digital cameras have auto settings. Like DSLR, it has a lot of controls for its auto and manual shooting. User controls vary depending on the model and type. 54  Check Your Understanding A. Answer the following questions. 1. What is the tool that captures moments? 2. Who is the first person who used camera obscura? B. Write down the important event on the history of photography according to the following dates. 1. 1021 5. 1939 2. 1685 6. 1948 3. 1826 7. 1991 4. 1888 8. 2000 55  Hands-On Picture of my Parents Materials: Any kind of Camera Directions: In this activity, you will take a photo of your parents using any kind of camera. Print it and put a little description on your photo. You will be graded based on the rubric below. Apprentice Novice Master CRITERIA (0-2 pts) (3-6 pts) (7-10 pts) General The artist used primary colors Criteria blended with secondary and intermediate colors in the artwork. The artist used letters and geometric shapes in the artwork. The artist used values (lightness and darkness) in the artwork. The artist made good use of emphasis in the artwork. The artist shows the basics of Photography. Content- The photo depicts a good Specific subject. Criteria The photo is taken based on the tips and advice in the lesson. 56  The artwork is appropriate to the audience. The artwork shows originality. The artwork promotes appreciation for camera. TOTAL Key Guide Questions 1. How did you use the camera? 2. How did you take the photo of your parents? 3. What do you feel about this activity? Hearts-On Read the feelings and situations listed carefully. Reflect and check the corresponding boxes for your answers. Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree. Studying the history and parts of camera is fun and enjoyable The parts of the camera is important. We must understand the use of camera in order for us to appreciate it more. Lesson 7: My Photo Essay 57 We are used to looking at the photos, but we can truly understand the meaning behind those photos through its descriptions. In this lesson, you will learn a fun activity that helps you enhance your critical thinking. Learning Targets In this lesson, you should be able to: apply composition skills to produce a printed photograph for a simple photo essay; identify the procedure on how to make a photo essay; and appreciate the art behind a photo essay. Warm-up Quick-Write: Forever Get a piece of paper and describe the image below. What is the subject of the picture? What is the message of the photo? How do you feel about it? Share your answers to the class. Fig. 7.1 A photograph of old men. Learn about It! 58 There are two forms of a photo essay, the thematic and narrative essay. Thematic Essay always looks to the big subjects and shows specific examples such as politics, out of school youth, and welcoming home soldiers. It is used for news stories. Narrative Essays always tell a story with a beginning, middle, and end. It includes day life and progression series. It is easier to organize, but you may struggle to look for the right photos. What is a Photo Essay? A photo essay is a series of photographs that tells different emotions to the viewer. It is one of the most popular things in journalism. It helps the photographer to communicate and send information using a single photograph. It must have a theme, subject, and correct timing to persuade a great story. For example, a picture of a homeless man can show the audience his different struggles. It also gives open-ended questions through the image. What Makes a Photo Essay Unforgettable? Some of the most effective ways to produce a good photo essay that guides the viewer to different perspectives are as follows: 1. Choose a specific topic or theme. Choosing a particular topic or subject will result in a better photo essay. It must convey deep emotions. Choose what you have experienced. You can include people, objects, or things you usually see throughout the day. You can always start with a single idea and build from there. 2. Consider your subjects. Your subject can be either be a human or not. You must always need to consider your subjects. Think if it is appealing to your audience, or if they would be interested to see your photographs. Try putting your feet in their shoes. Your subjects must catch the eye of your target audience. 3. Aim for a variety of images. Consider different elements like portraiture, details shot, and close-ups. Including different angles, ranges, and perspectives can help engage your viewer better. You must catch the viewer’s interest just from your opening photo and leave a question on your final picture. With this, your photo essay will last in the eyes and minds of your audience. 4. Put your emotions aside. Set aside your self-doubts. You should consider your hard work of putting your pictures together to show and convey messages to all. You must 59  accept info, tips, and advice that may help you improve your work. By doing so, you will be able to determine your weaknesses and strengths. 5. Edit your photo selection. Think of your pictures if it can stand alone or it needs a caption. You must have a clear and concise caption for you to have a smooth narrative. 6. Give your photo essay a title. Lastly, create a title for your photo essay. It can help your viewers understand your message fully, or it will serve as a guide in their perspective. It will also help you relay your point of view and deliver a clear interpretation of your work. You can also write a statement at the beginning to introduce it or in the end for a conclusion. It still depends on how you would like the viewers to experience your work. How to Make a Photo Essay? In making a photo essay, consider the four factors that will help create an effective essay. 1. Finding your Topic Review current events - People are familiar with these kinds of topic, and you will have an audience who cares about your topic. Check your calendar - You may also look at your calendar for holiday events, school activities, and programs that can be an exciting subject for your age. Considering your hobbies - You can always look at what's close to you. You may choose related themes for your hobbies and interests. Understand your audience - Audience is significant in deciding what to shoot. Always think what is more appealing to them. 2. Organizing Shoot Research your subject - Do online research for your outline. The more prepared you are, the more appropriate and great photos you will be able to capture. Make an Outline - Having an outline will help you organize your shoots well. Organizing your photos will benefit your audience in their perspective. Include a clincher - Providing a clincher to your photo essay will help your audience sum up your work. Most photographers would say, “...they’ll know it when they see it.” 3. Capturing your Images 60  Check the light - Checking the light before and while taking your photos is very important. Light is an essential factor in capturing successful images. Consider the compositions - You may have different compositions in making a photo essay. Candid shots can also be used. You can change the structure during the editing process. Take more photos than you need - if you need ten photos, you must have hundreds so that you can get exactly what you want. Sometimes unexpected pictures are worthy to show. 4. Organizing Essay Exclude photos you don't need - The first step in organizing your essay is to exclude photos that you are certain that you don't need. Delete photos that are blurry, overexposed, and unfocused. Choose a central image - Out of the hundreds of photos you took, choose the best picture that suits your essay. Categorize your photos - Once you deleted the unnecessary images, sort the remaining pictures by categories for easy process. Some photographers organize their photos by type of image, in chronological order, or by a specific theme. Ask for feedback - Once you are done in preparing your outline, find a friend or a classmate to check out your work. Don't tell them the message you want to convey. Let them figure it out and ask what they’re seeing. Their feedback will help you rearrange or add what you have missed. Add text - The final step is to add text or captions. There are three ways on how to add text: you can add captions to the image; you can limit text to its title; and provide few introductory and concluding statements. 61 62  Check Your Understanding A. Answer the following questions. 1. What are the ways to make a photo essay unforgettable? List down 6 ways. 2. What are the steps in making a photo essay? List down the 4 steps. Hands-On Photo Essay Materials: Camera Ballpen Directions: Make a photo essay about the way teenagers dress themselves nowadays. Make sure youth of different gender, age, social status, religion and locality have representations. Be careful with biases and discrimination. It should not violate the beliefs and the rights of each model. Remember the tips and advice on how to make a photo essay unforgettable. You will be graded based on the rubric below. Apprentice Novice Master CRITERIA (0-2 pts) (3-6 pts) (7-10 pts) General The artist used primary colors Criteria blended with secondary and intermediate colors in the artwork. The artist used letters and geometric shapes in the artwork. 63  The artist used values (lightness and darkness) in the artwork. The artist made good use of emphasis in the artwork. The artist shows the basics of Photography. Content- The photos depict a good Specific subject. Criteria The photo is taken based on the tips and advice in the lesson. The artwork is appropriate to the audience. The artwork shows originality. The artwork promotes appreciation for Photo Essay. TOTAL Key Guide Questions 1. How did you choose your subjects in your photo essay? 2. How do the tips and tips and advice on how to make a good photo essay helped you in this activity? 3. Why do we have to be careful when we shoot pictures of different genders, beliefs, age, social status, and locality? 4. What realizations did you have after finishing the activity? 64  Hearts-On Read the feelings and situations listed carefully. Reflect and check the corresponding boxes for your answers. Feelings / Situations I disagree. I agree. I strongly agree. Studying photo essay is fun and enjoyable. Photo essay is important in journalism. We must use a camera for a good cause. 65  Did You Know? Felix Laureano is the first Filipino photographer. Being the "first transnational Filipino photographer," he had studios both in Spain and in the Philippines where he not only took pictures but also developed the photographs. His most famous work, the "Recuerdos de Filipinas," featured the beauty of the Philippines as well as its rich and colorful culture. Wrap Up Life can be depicted in different ways. 66  Self-Check Read carefully the list of skills that you should have learned in this unit. Check the corresponding boxes for your answers. I CANNOT I ALMOST I CAN Skills CAN I _______________ create design principles still apply for any new design (contrast of colors, shapes, and lines produces harmony) whether done by hand or machine (computer). I ___________________understand that digital technology has speed up the printing of original designs and made it accessible to many, as emphasized in t-shirts and poster designs. I ________________ apply concepts on the steps/procedure in silkscreen printing. I _________________ produce my own prints from original design to silkscreen printing to convey a message or statement. I ________________ understand concepts and principles of photography. I _________________ understand that art processes, elements, and principles still apply even with the use of technologies I _______________identify the parts and functions of the camera (point and shoot or phone camera). I __________________ apply composition skills to produce a printed photograph for a simple photo essay. 67 I am good at because I am planning to ________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ 1. 2. 3. I need to improve on because I am planning to ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ 1. 2. 3. 68  Bibliography Alex G. Brown. “What Makes a Photo Essay Unforgettable?”. Format.com May 03, 2018 Accessed May 06, 2018 https://www.format.com/magazine/resources/photography/how-to-make-photo-essay- examples Alex John. “Different Types of T-shirt Printing”. tshirtprofessional.com 2018 Accessed May 06,2019 https://tshirtprofessional.com/different-types-t-shirt-printing-methods-details Custom Planet ltd. “What is Screen Printing? A Step by Step Guide”. Customplanet.co.uk 2019 Accessed May 06, 2019 https://www.customplanet.co.uk/what-is-screen-printing-step-by-step-i50 Eric Kim. “The Art of Photography”. erickimphotography.com 2017 Accessed May 06, 2019 http://erickimphotography.com/blog/the-art-of-photography/ Harmstonarts. “What is Seismograph.” Harmstonarts.com. 1997-2018 Accessed May 6, 2019 https://www.harmstonarts.com/the-process.html#/ Husder. “Philippines Silk Screen Printing Step by Step Comprehensive Guide” Husder.com July 30, 2017. Accessed May 6, 2019 https://www.husder.com/silk-screen-printing-beginners-guide/ IPA Philippines. “30 Great Photos by Pinoy Photographers 2017”. Photoawards.com. 2015. Accessed May 06, 2019 https://photoawards.ph/30-great-photos-of-pinoy-photographers-2107/ James M. Rai. “Different Types of T-shirt Printing Methods: In Depth Discussion By An Experts”. Hamblyscreenprints.com. 2019. Accessed May 06, 2019 69  https://www.hamblyscreenprints.com/types-of-t-shirt-printing/ Josh. “How to Take Good Pictures – 10 Foolproof Steps”. Expertphotography.com 2019 Accessed May 06,2109 https://expertphotography.com/10-steps-taking-better-photos/ Jessica Stewart. “How the Development of the Camera Changed Our World”. Mymodernmet.com. March 23, 2018 Accessed May 06, 2019 https://mymodernmet.com/who-invented-the-camera-photography-history/ La Crousse Country. “The Do’s & Don’ts of Keeping Screen Printed T-Shirts Looking Fantastic”. Nearsay.com. July 10, 2018 Accessed May 06, 2019 https://nearsay.com/c/512580/147556/the-do-s-don-ts-of-keeping-screen-printed-t-shirt s-looking-fantastic Liz Masoner. “A Brief History of Photography and the Camera”. Thesprucecrafts.com. January 03, 2019Accessed May 06, 2019 https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/brief-history-of-photography-2688527 Marketing and Advertising Ideas. “Different Types of Print Media”. Printchain.co.uk May 10, 2017 Accessed May 06, 2019 http://printchain.co.uk/index.php/blog/different-types-of-print-media.html Martin Perry. “BJ Pascual Manila, The Philippines”. Outthere.travel 2017 Accessed May 06, 2019 https://www.outthere.travel/bj-pascualmanila/ Samidha Verma. “Invention Story of Camera”. Engineergarage.com Accessed May 06, 2019 https://www.engineersgarage.com/invention-stories/camera-history Steve Digicams. “Ten Basic Camera Parts”. Steves-digicams.com 2019 Accessed May 06, 2019 http://www.steves-digicams.com/knowledge-center/how-tos/photography-tips/10-basic -camera-parts.html#b 70 Tshirt.com “Silk screen Printing Advantages and Disadvantages” September 29, 2017. Accessed May 06, 2019 http://www.tshirt.com.ph/blog/silk-screen-printing-advantage-and-disadvantage Tyler Rolins Fine Art. “Manuel Ocampo” Trfineart.com 2019 Accessed May 06, 2019 http://www.trfineart.com/artist/manuel-ocampo/#artist-works Vesna Savic. “What is Print Design”. Popwebdesign.net August 22, 2016 Accessed May 06, 2019 https://www.popwebdesign.net/popart_blog/en/2016/08/print-design/ WikiHow. “How to make a screen print”. Wikihow.com May 5, 2019 Accessed May 06, 2019 https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Screen-Print Wikihow. “How to Make a Photo Essay”. Wikihow.com March 29, 2019 Accessed May 06, 2019 https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Photo-Essay 71  Glossary Aperture is an opening or space in a photographic lens that admits the light. Filter is an effect to modify one’s appearance. Mesh is a material made of threads and wires. Perspective is the appearance to the eye of objects in respect to their distance and position. Polyester is a material made of chemical and used for different products like fabric. Smudge is a process of dragging and spreading an element. Squeegee is a tool made out of vinyl or rubber blade with a wooden handle. Stencil is a design or pattern forced onto a surface. Textile is a fiber or cloth used in making pieces of clothing. Vinyl is a plastic material used to make clothing and covers for floors. 72 Quiz LESSON 1: Silk Screen Printing I. Knowledge 1. Question Single Choice Ans Explanation 1. What does the A. Frames Seicos is a Greek Greek word word meaning B. Stencil "seicos" means? “silk”. C. Plates D. Silk X 2. Question SIngle Choice Explanation 2. What does the A. Grid Graphos is a Greek Greek word word meaning "graphos" means? B. Graph “writing.” C. Writing X D. Scribbles 3. Question SIngle Choice Explanation What is this A. Stamp Squeegee is the scraping material scrap material B. Silicon with a rubber edge used in silk screen blade used in silk C. Sponge that has a rubber screen? D. Squeegee X edge blade. 4. Question Identification Explanation What is the other Serigraph Silk screen is also term used for silk known as screen printing serigraph that that originated comes from the from two Greek Greek word Seicos words? and Graphos. 5. Question Identification Explanation 73 What is this porous Screen The porous fabric fabric mesh mesh stretched stretched across a used in silk screen frame used in silk is called screen. screen printing? II. Comprehension 6. Question Multiple Choice Ans. Explanation Which countries A. Egypt X Early use of stencils to pioneered the use transfer designs can be B. Greece X of stencils in traced to Egypt, Greece, and transferring C. Philippines China. designs? D. China X 7. Question Multiple Choice Explanation Which of the A. High cost of X Due to the high cost of silk following are the silk during that time and the reasons why silk B. Unavailability of X unavailability of materials, it screen printing materials did not gain popularity in was not popular in C. The political Europe in its early years. Europe during the atmosphere during early years? the time D. The sour relationship of China and European countries 8. Question Multiple Choice Explanation 8. Which of the A. Canvas X Computers are not commonly following is used in silk screen printing. B. Frame X commonly used for silk screen C. Stencil X printing? D. Computer 74 9. Question Single choice Explanation Which of the A. It is cheaper The whole process of silk following is not screen is time-consuming. true about silk B. It saves time x screen printing? C. You can use it on many surfaces D. Frames can be used more than once. 10. Question SIngle Choice Explanation Which of the A. The ink used in The inks used in the following is not silkscreen is vivid. silkscreen does not need to true about the have contrast. B. The used ink in inks used in silkscreen is silkscreen printing? durable. C. The ink used in x silkscreen must have contrast. D. Different colors need to be separated when printing. LESSON 2: Printing Design I. Knowledge 1. Question Multiple Choice Ans Explanation Which of the following A. For marketing X Print design is used to are the purposes of convey information, B. For popularity print design? marketing, and brand C. For Brand X awareness. 75  Awareness D. To convey X information 2. Question Multiple Choice Explanation Which of the following A. Notepad Designs can be created software and using different software application are used for B. Adobe Acrobat and applications like making a graphic Adobe Photoshop and design? C. Adobe X Illustrator. Photoshop D. Adobe X Illustrator 3. Question SIngle Choice Explanation What is this material A. Paper Banner is commonly where banner design is printed in a tarpaulin commonly printed? B. Wood that is made of vinyl. C. Metal D. Vinyl X 4. Question Fill in the blanks Explanation The design of A. Poster Design Label and Packaging ____________________ B. Banner Design help customers know help/s customers know more about the C. Brochure more about the products they will buy. design products they will buy. D. Label and X Packaging 5. Question Fill in the blanks Explanation The design of A. Shopping Bags Brochures help the ____________________ organizations and helps organizations B. Book Covers institutions give and institutions to give 76 information about their C. Banners information about their company. company. D. Brochures X II. Comprehension 6. Question Multiple Choice Ans. Explanation In which parts of a A. sleeves X T-shirt design is t-shirt can a design usually printed on be printed? B. back side X its front side, but you can also put the design on the C. front side X back and its sleeves. D. inside of the shirt 7. Question Single Choice Explanation Which information A. ingredients or Label and is usually written materials used packaging give on the labels and necessary B. Expiration date packaging of information such products? as manufacturing C. Instructions place and date, expiration, ingredients or D. company president x materials used, instructions and others. 8. Question Single Choice Explanation Which of the A. It promotes the brand X Shopping bags are following is the also a way of reason why promoting the companies print product because it designs to a is usually reused B. It is used in carrying shopping bag? over and over things again. 77  C. It can be recycled D. It is cheap 9. Question Multiple Choice Explanation What elements A. colors X Posters contain contribute to the words and images design of posters? B. words X combined to send C. images X a message to the readers. D. price 10. Question Single Choice Explanation Which of the A. Print design X Print design can be following does not B. Banner design used in banners, belong to the brochures, t-shirts group? C. Brochure design and many others. D. T-shirt design. LESSON 3: The Process of Silkscreen I. Knowledge 1. Question Identification Ans Explanation What do you call the Squeegee A squeegee is a tool material used to used to spread ink or spread the ink in the paint by pressing it to stencil? the screen. 2. Question Identification Explanation What do you call the Mesh Mesh refers to the thread or wire where thread or wire where the ink will pass the ink will pass through? through when transferring a design 78  onto the material. 3. Question Single Choice Explanation Which of the A. Ink The first thing that following will you you will need in the B. Design X need first in silk process of silk screen screen printing? C. Frame is to make a design. D. Metal Spreader 4. Question Multiple Choice Explanation Screen frame is Cloth The screen frame is usually made of what made out of the Mesh X mesh and wood. materials? Wood X Metal 5. Question Multiple Choice Explanation What is the type of A. Ink-Jet Plastisol and ink usually used in Water-based ink are silk screen? the only types of ink usually used in B. Plastisol X silkscreen. C. Water-based X ink D. Nonwater based ink II. Comprehension 6. Question Single Choice Ans. Explanation Screen printing can A. Bag TV Screen is used be done in the for entertainment. following materials 79 except for: B. T-shirt C. Metal D. TV Screen X 7. Question Single Choice Explanation What is the first A. Cut a design The first step in step in making a making a silk silk screen? screen is to make a B. Make a design X design. C. Let the design dry D. Paint your materials 8. Question Multiple Choice Explanation The following are A. Ink Ruler and Pencil the materials in are not necessary silk screen printing for the process of except for: B. Ruler X silk screen. C. Pencil X D. Frame 9. Question Multiple Choice Explanation Which of the A. Silkscreen is too Silk screen is a following expensive. cheap method of statements is/are printing and can correct? B. Silkscreen can be X be done even if a form of you are not a expression of an professional. artist. 80  C. The last step in X making a silkscreen is letting it dry. D. Silkscreen is a process wherein you need to be a professional. 10. Question Multiple Choice Explanation The tool used in A. Vinyl X The tool for dragging the ink on spreading ink or the stencil is made B. Metal paint is made of of what? vinyl or a rubber C. Wood X blade with a wooden handle. D. Rubber X LESSON 4: My Printed Shirt I. Knowledge 1. Question Identification Ans Explanation It is the most Screen Printing Among the common type of different types of t-shirt design. shirt design, screen printing is the most common. 2. Question Identification Explanation You need to be Direct to It needs you to be professional if you Garment Design a professional decided to do this because of the type of t-shirt direct application design. of the ink to the material. 3. Question Identification Explanation 81 This process will Sublimation Sublimation allow you to cover Printing printing is best for your whole shirt a whole shirt with design. design. 4. Question Identification Explanation In this method, Vinyl Printing The main material you need to have a in this type of soft and special method is vinyl garment. and it is soft. 5. Question Identification Explanation This method is Heat Transfer The primary very simple and method of heat easy, and it transfer is heat includes heat pressing. pressing. II. Comprehension 6. Question SIngle Choice Ans. Explanation Which of the A. It is best for small production The advantages of following is the screen printing are advantage of B. smooth and long lasting print X for mass screen printing? production, C. design is easy to remove multiple colors are allowed and it will D. it is cheaper when you buy it. have a smooth and long lasting design.. 7. Question SIngle Choice Explanation 7. All are the A. The machine cost too high. DTG can perform disadvantages of pattern with mixed DTG except for: B. It can't do one-stuff design X colors. 82  C. It can't be used on a dark fabric D. You need a lot of space if you use this process. 8. Question SIngle Choice Explanation Which of the A. It saves time Sublimation following is the printing's advantage of the advantage is that it sublimation B. It is only black and white produces a process? permanent image. C.It has a permanent image X D. You can use any fabric 9. Question Single Choice Explanation Which of the A. It is best for any period. Special cutter and following do not heat press are not belong to the B. It is cheap because it uses only X needed in the vinyl advantage of vinyl one color. process and vinyl printing? C. You just need a special cutter X doesn’t only use and heat press. one color. D. You just need to be aware of unique software and hardware 10. Question Single Choice Explanation Which of the A. It is a cheap and easy process. The process of following is not an heat press is advantage of heat slower than any transfer method? B. It is preferable for small other methods. production C. It is suitable for the home process. 83  D. It is faster than any other X methods. LESSON 5: The Art of Taking Photos I. Knowledge 1. Question Identification Ans Explanation It is the illustration Balance The visual weight of an of the visual weight image is illustrated by of an image. balance. 2. Question Identification Explanation It creates a mirror Symmetry Symmetry creates a mirror image and reflects image and reflects the same the same subject object on both sides. matter on both sides. 3. Question Identification Explanation It is a contrast of Asymmetry Asymmetry is the contrast elements that of elements that balance a balance a photo. photo. 4. Question Identification Explanation It refers to the Radial Radial Symmetry refers to elements spaced Symmetry the elements spaced equally equally around a around a central point. central point. 84 5. Question Identification Explanation It dictates the Rhythm The rhythm dictates the organized organized distribution of the distribution of the elements throughout an elements image. throughout an image. II. Comprehension 6. Question Single Choice Ans. Explanation What principles of A. Balance The pattern is art in repeated elements Photography of art that lift an repeat the B. Rhythm image off the page. elements of art and design and lifts the image off C. Pattern X the page? D. Contrast 7. Question Single Choice Explanation What principle A. Balance Emphasis creates creates the center the center of of interest of an B. Contrast interest of an image and image and determines the C. Emphasis X determines the focus of an focus of an image. image? D. Pattern 8. Question Single Choice Explanation What principle A. Unity When you move does affect an the camera while image if it is B. Emphasis capturing a blurred? subject, it will produce a blurred 85  C. Contrast image. D. Movement X 9. Question Multiple Choice Explanation Which of the A. Light X All of them are following is essential in essential in B. Color X photography. photography? C. Subject X D. Background X 10. Question Multiple Choice Explanation Which of the A. Dark and light X The best examples following is the of contrast are best example of B. Black and white X dark and light as contrast? well as black and C. Sky blue and blue white. D. Green and yellow-green LESSON 6: Understanding the Camera I. Knowledge 1. Question Identification Ans Explanation It is a form of art Photography Photography is an art that uses the wherein we use a camera as a camera as a device to device to record record an image or an image or object. object. 2. Question Identification Explanation It is the optical Camera Camera obscura is an 86 phenomenon Obscura optical phenomenon where the image where the image is is projected projected opposite opposite through through a hole resulting a hole resulting in in an upside-down an upside-down image. image. 3. Question Single Choice Explanation What is the most A. Flash The lens is the most important part of B. Lens X important part of a the camera? camera. C. View Finder D. LCD Screen 4. Question Identification Explanation It is the primary Viewfinder The viewfinder is the source of primary source for image-taking. image-taking. 5. Question Identification Explanation It is the button Shutter release The shutter release is a that releases the button that enables to shutter and capture images. enables to capture images. II. Comprehension 6. Question Single Choice Ans. Explanation What is the A. Lens The central part of central part of the camera