Filipino Culture PDF

FILIPINO CULTURE Readings in Philippine History STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Filipino Culture PALEOLITHIC ERA Used stone tools for hunting and gathering foods. It was found in Cagayan caves and Tabon caves Rough stone tools NEOLITHIC ERA New/Polished stone age Transformation of rough...

FILIPINO CULTURE Readings in Philippine History STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Filipino Culture PALEOLITHIC ERA Used stone tools for hunting and gathering foods. It was found in Cagayan caves and Tabon caves Rough stone tools NEOLITHIC ERA New/Polished stone age Transformation of rough stone tools to carefully polished artifacts Pottery was established Found in Cagayan Valley, Palawan, and Albay AGE OF METALS Copper, bronze, iron, tin and gold started to appear in the country No evidence were found that these metals were manufactured in the country AGE OF CONTACT & TRADE Arab were the 1st to trade during 11th century Chinese come to trade on the 13th century “Ceramic Age” Because of trade, large communities emerged along port towns (Cebu, Manila, Iloilo) Political structure started to evolve FOOD & AGRICULTURE From hunting, Filipinos shifted to planting root crops like Taro, and Yam Rice became the staple food as evidenced by Banawe Rice Terraces (Rizal, Cebu, Quezon, Laguna) Planting & farming were greatly improved because of new stone tools Crafts and Industries Pots were used to store water and food It was also used for cooking, rituals, burials, & aesthetic expressions. Weaving was also practiced in-between harvest Wood carving for simple furniture is also done Boat building was also vital Burial & Early Beliefs Burial jars were found in Cagayan, Palawan, Albay It was beautifully designed as a respect for the dead Included in the jars were jewelries and personal belongings  Burial & Early Beliefs Early Filipinos were pagans & polytheist. They worship anitos and diwatas Maganito – Sacrifice Katalona – Priest Babaylan – Priestess Bathala – Supreme God  Early Arts and Music Music was already part of Pre-Spanish Phils. Musical instruments: Bamboo flute, guitar, gongs Indigenous song was about stages of life, courtship & marriage. Songs for various activities like planting, hunting, & fishing Tattoo & painting for enhancing the body & showing war record Writing Literature Writing was already developed before the coming of Spaniards. It was done on perishable materials like trees, leaves, & bamboo nodes. BAYBAYIN – 17 letters used by Mangyans, & Tagbanuas Early literature were consisted of Awit, Bugtong, Salawikain, Myths, Legends, & Poetry. Social Organizations Early communities were along the rivers and already socially organized. Social units was known as ‘BARANGAY’ from the boat ‘BALANGAY’ 30-100 families DATU – chieftain Food production was intended for the consumption of its members.  DATU Administrative officer Has a great power Chief executive, legislator, & judge He was the commander of warriors during war. Has superior skills in combat, & traits like wisdom, strength, & courage In some barangays, chieftain was hereditary.  MAHARLIKA They are nobles consisted of the datu’s households, council of elders, datu’s adviser. They are wealthy individuals by deeds or hereditary. Their duty is to keep order in barangay by ensuring that the laws & customs as well as religious beliefs were observed.  TIMAWA They helped the datu & Maharlika in promoting the welfare of the barangay.  ALIPIN Birth Captivity in war Purchase Failure to pay debt Penalty for crimes ALIPIN SAGUIGUILID No property Had to seek the permission of his master when wanted to marry. They could be sold anytime  ALIPIN NAMAMAHAY Reside on their own home. They can own a property. They can marry anytime and could not be sold.  Maginoos – they are council of elders in Tagalogs that help LAW MAKING the datus in promulgating the laws & JUDICIAL SYSTEM 2 example of written laws Code of Maragtas Code of Kalantiaw