Feudalism and Manorialism PDF

What were feudalism and manorialism? Why did they develop in Western Europe? What effects did they Objective: have on people living in Medieval Europe? Define what feudalism and manorialism were and describe what effects they had on people living in Western Euro...

What were feudalism and manorialism? Why did they develop in Western Europe? What effects did they Objective: have on people living in Medieval Europe? Define what feudalism and manorialism were and describe what effects they had on people living in Western Europe. Introduction ➡ Directions: Read the vocabulary word and examine the image below, then complete the See-Think-Wonder task to the right. Social Hierarchy See Vocabulary List two things you see in the image to the left. Social Class: A group of people with similar levels of wealth, influence, and status. Social Hierarchy: A system in society where Think people are ranked by their social class. Based on your observations, what do you think about the image to the left? Social Mobility: The movement of people between different social classes. Rigid Class Structure: A social class system Wonder where there is no mobility. A person remains Write two questions you have about the image to the in the same class their entire life. left. Drawing criticizing the American class structure in 1911. Source. Does the image above best represent a society with social mobility or a rigid class structure? Explain.  Before we proceed, a quick note about time periods… The Middle Ages are the time period from 476 CE to around 1450 CE in Western Europe. Sometimes the whole post-classical era is referred to as the Middle Ages, but it is referred to the “Middle” Ages because historians viewed it as an less important time period between Rome and the Early Modern Period, and since Rome and the birth of the Early Modern Period happened in Europe, we will only consider the Middle Ages to be an era specific to Europe. Medieval Europe = Europe during the Middle Ages = 5th century (400s) CE - 15th century (1400s) CE  Contextualize Medieval Europe, Feudalism, and Manorialism ➡ Directions: Read the text and examine the images below, then answer the accompanying questions. Contextualize The Fall of Rome When the Western Roman empire fell in 476 CE, kings and emperors were too weak to maintain order. There was a power vacuum. A power vacuum is a condition that exists when someone has lost control and no one has replaced them. With the power vacuum in the western Roman empire, Europeans began fighting for domination. In addition to the fighting between Europeans, there were constant invasions by the Vikings, Muslims, and other groups. This was a time period of danger, violence, and instability. Connect Cause and Effect Feudalism Brings Protection To create a safer environment, a system of feudalism developed. Feudalism was a decentralized, or loosely organized system of rule based on land ownership. In Feudalism, kings divided up their land into fiefs and gave them to lords. Fiefs could range from a few acres to a hundred square miles. These lords gave fiefs to vassals. In exchange for the fief, the vassals pledged allegiance to their lord. This allegiance meant that they would raise armies to protect their own lands and fight for their lords. This exchange of pledges is called a feudal contract. This was an interdependent relationship with mutual feudal obligations. Feudalism Brings Stability Feudalism created stability through the manor system which established a clear social and economic structure called manorialism. Manorialism was an economic system structured around the feudal manor, or the lord’s estate. This estate included the lord’s landholding, farming lands, and peasant villages. Most peasants were serfs, or people bound to the land. Serfs were not Source: Michael B. Petrovich et al., People in Time and Place: World Cultures, Silver, Burdett & Ginn, 1991 from the NYS allowed to leave the manor without permission. Serfs made repairs Global History and Geography Regents Exam, January 2006. and farmed the land. In exchange for farming and repairs, serfs were protected by their lord in the event of a war or raid. The manor was self-sufficient which meant that the peasants produced most of everything they needed including food, clothing, tools and furniture. They did not need to trade with others for their basic needs.  What is the difference between Feudalism and Manorialism? It is interesting to note that both feudalism and manorialism are the offshoots of medieval life. Concept: Feudalism describes the legal obligation of Vassal to nobles. Manorial system concentrated on the organization of agricultural and craft production. This is the main difference between the two systems of thought. Nature: Another significant difference between feudalism and manorialism is the nature. Feudalism is legal in character. Manorialism is economic in character. System: Feudalism is a political system. Manorialism is an economic system. Relationship: Feudalism deals with the relationship between nobles and vassals. Manorialism deals with the relationship between the vassals, or the lords, and the peasants or serfs. Military Obligation: Feudalism comes with a military obligation. The vassal has an obligation to provide military support. Manorialism does not come with a military obligation. The serfs are only expected to serve the lord, and the lord has to protect the serf. These are the main differences between the two systems feudalism and manorialism. Manorialism is contained in Feudalism in the sense that Feudalism deals with multiple manors. It deals with the relationship between landlords. The description of one landlord is manorialism, whereas the description of many manors is feudalism. As you can see, feudalism and manorialism were created to protect the kingdoms during the Middle Ages. 1. Using the text above, complete the graphic organizer. 2. Using the diagrams and text above, respond to the following question: Why did feudalism develop in Western Europe in the 500s after the decline of the Roman Empire? Use at least one of the following conjunctions in your response: but, because, so, therefore. The Effects of Feudalism Everyone had a well-defined place in medieval society. People were born into their social positions, and there was little chance of moving beyond them. Therefore, this was a society built around ___________________________________ (social mobility OR a rigid social structure). ➡ Directions: Using the text to your right, place the following social classes in the correct ranking on the social pyramid. Social Classes: Serfs and Peasants: Most peasants on a manor were serfs, bound to the land. Serfs Serfs and Peasants were not slaves who could be bought and sold. Still, they were not free. They could not leave the manor without the lord’s permission. If the manor was granted to a new lord, Kings (Monarchs) the serfs went along with it. Roman Catholic Church/Pope Knights and Vassals Kings (Monarchs): Lords The king owned all the land and allowed the trusted nobles to govern a part of the land in return for other services. Roman Catholic Church/Pope: In the centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church carved out a unique position in Western Europe. It not only controlled the spiritual life of Christians but gradually became the most powerful secular, or non-religious, force in medieval Europe. During the Middle Ages, the pope was the spiritual leader of the Western Christian Church, based in Rome. Declaring themselves representatives of God on Earth, medieval popes eventually claimed papal supremacy, or authority over all secular rulers, including kings and emperors. The Church developed their own body of laws, known as canon law, as well as its own courts. [...] Anyone who disobeyed Church law faced a range of penalties. The most severe and terrifying was excommunication. Those who were excommunicated could not receive the sacraments or a Christian burial, which condemned them to hell for eternity. Knights and Vassals: For medieval nobles, warfare was a way of life. Rival lords battled constantly for power. Many nobles began training in boyhood for a future occupation as a knight, or mounted warrior. In the later Middle Ages, knights adopted a code of conduct called chivalry. Nobility (Lords): Below the monarchs were powerful lords such as dukes and counts who held the largest fiefs. Each of these lords had vassals. Thinking Critically about Social Hierarchy ➡ Directions: Based on what you learned in this lesson and previous units, respond to the questions below. Questions Responses 1a. Which social class had the greatest amount of power in feudal Europe? 1a. 1b. What specific powers did this class have? 1b. 2a. Which class of people made up the bulk of the medieval population? 2a. 2b. If you were a serf, what would be your opinion of the feudal system? Why? 2b. 3a. What are the similarities 3a. between the feudal social structure and the Hindu caste system? 3b. What are the differences 3b. between the feudal social structure and the Hindu caste system?  FA SQ 4. What were feudalism and manorialism? Why did they develop in Western Europe? What effects did they have on people living in Medieval Europe? ➡ Directions: Using evidence from the documents above, respond to the task below in the space provided. 1. Define what feudalism was. Connect Cause and Effect 2. Define what manorialism was. 3. Write two sentences to describe the advantages and disadvantages of feudalism and the manorialism using one of the clauses below: Even though While Despite that However