Female Reproductive System - Anatomy Lecture

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr Punita Manik Professor Department of Anatomy K G’s Medical University U P Lucknow  Female Reproductive System Ovary Uterine tube Uterus Vagina  Ovary...

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Dr Punita Manik Professor Department of Anatomy K G’s Medical University U P Lucknow  Female Reproductive System Ovary Uterine tube Uterus Vagina  Ovary Germinal Epithelium Cortex Medulla  Ovary Germinal Epithelium - cuboidal cells - Tunica albuginea Cortex -Primordial follicle -Primary follicle -Secondary(antral) follicle -Mature(Graafian) follicle -Atretic follicle -Corpus luteum -Corpus albicans Medulla - Connective tissue - Vessels Ovary Ovary Ovary High Power of Ovarian Follicles Primary Follicle Primary Follicle Primary Follicle Primary Follicle Primary Follicle Secondary Follicle Secondary Follicle Secondary Follicle in a late stage of developement Maturing Follicle Mature Follicle Mature Follicle Mature Follicle Collapsed follicle undergoes Luteinization Cells: 2 Types 1.Granulosa lutein cells-large derived from granulosa cells 2. Theca lutein cells- smaller, derived from cells of Theca interna  Corpus Luteum Highly vasculari zed structure  Luteal Cells Cells- Increase in size Filled with lipid droplets Lipochrome pigment – yellow appearance Luteal Cells  Corpora Lutea Secretes Progesterone Corpus Luteum Fallopian Tube  Uterine tube Mucosa -branching, irregular folds Epithelium Ciliated columnar and Non ciliated secretary cells (PEG CELLS) Lamina propria Muscle layer Inner circular Outer longitudinal Serosa Uterine tube Fallopian Tube  Uterine Tube Branching Folds Provide nutrition for the fertilized ovum from all sides  Uterine Tube Branching irregular folds fill the lumen of the tube Uterine Tube Uterine Tube Epithelium Below epithelium lies Lamina Propria  Uterine Epithelium Factors helping in transport of Ovum Cilia of the epithelial cells Rhythmic contraction of the Muscle Layer Uterine Tube Epithelium Uterine Tube Ovary, Fimbria, Oviduct https://secure.health.utas.edu.au/intranet/c ds/cam202/Images/92ax100d.jpg  Uterus Perimetrium((Peritomiun) -serous coat of mesothelium Myometrium (muscles) -ill-defined three layers of smooth muscles - Inner and outer- longitudinal - Middle circular (stratum vasculare) Endometrium (Mucosa) Epithelium -simple columnar cells Lamina propria - Uterine glands -Vessels - Basal arteries -Spiral arteries Uterus Uterus  Uterine Endometrium & Myometrium Stratum functionalis - Stratum compactum -Stratum songiosum Stratum basalis Cyclical changes in Endometrium  Uterus- Proliferative Phase Increased mitotic activity of the Connective tissue in the Lamina Propria Increase mititic activity in the basal remanants of the uterine glands in the basal layer of the endometrium  Uterine Endometrium Proliferative Phase Rapid growth and development of Endometrium Glands: proliferate, thicken, Become closely packed Spiral arteries begin to grow,show slight coiling  Secretory Phase 1.Odematous endometrium 2.Tortuous uterine glands 3.Glands filled with Secretion rich in glycogen 4.Spiral arteries also lengthen, more coiled, reach to the surface of endometrium  Secretory Phase Hypertrophy of Glandular epithelium Increased Vascularity Edema(Fluid retention) in endometrium Secretory Phase  Endometrium – Menstrual Phase Blood vessels: Rupture Function part of the endometri um is shed as menstrual flow Uterus Endometrium- Secretory Phase  Vagina Fibromuscular elastic thin-walled tube Provides passageway for delivery of baby, for menstrual flow and for delivery of semen (and sperm) to uterine tube. 3 Layers Mucosa Muscle Layer Adventitia/ Fibrous coat  Vagina Mucosa -Epithelium Stratified squamous -Lamina propria No glands Muscle layer - ill-defined layers of smooth muscles -Inner -circular -outer- longitudinal Intermixed with ELASTIC FIBRES Adventitia  Vagina Epithelium : very thick May show partial keratinization  Vagina:Stratified Squamous Epithelium (High Power) Under the influence of oestrogen in the preovulatory phase, there is synthesis and accumulation of glycogen in the cells of epithelium. Vagina Vagina  Vagina Elastic fibres present in the Lamina propria and in the muscle layer allows elongation and distention of vagina  Vagina Secretion in vagina- transudation and from Cervical mucous glands Bacteria in vagina: Dooderlein’s bacilli anerobically metabolize glycogen to lactic acid , pH of vagina is acidic. (prevents infection).  PAP SMEAR Microscopic Examination of cells collected(Scrapped) from vaginal and cervical mucosae Valuable diagnostic information about Cervical cancer Caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV)  MCQ Primordial Follicle in section is identified by 1. Zona Pellucida 2. Single layer of flattened follicular cells 3. Theca Folliculi 4. Antrum Folliculi ANSWER 2  MCQ Uterine tube is lined by 1.Simple cubodal 2. Simple columnar 3.Pseudostratified ciliated columnar 4.Simple columnar ciliated Answer 4  MCQ Secretory phase of endometrium is characterized by the presence of 1.Odematous endometrium 2.Tortuous uterine glands 3.Secretion rich in glycogen 4. All of the above Answer 4  MCQ The secretion found in vagina comes from glands present in 1. Vaginal wall only 2. Fornix of vagina only 3. Cervix of uterus only 4. Both vagina and Cervix Answer 3  MCQ Granulosa lutein cells of corpus luteum secrete 1. Luteinizing hormone 2. Oestrogen 3. Progesterone 4. Chorionic gonadotrophin Answer 3