FEM3110_WEEK 3-PART 2.pptx

1 TOPIC 3 MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LIFE CYCLE Topic 3 cont….  2 ‘MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LIFE CYCLE”  3 Answer the followings… Think of those st...

1 TOPIC 3 MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LIFE CYCLE Topic 3 cont….  2 ‘MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LIFE CYCLE”  3 Answer the followings… Think of those stages of life that you have gone through….  Can you recall the general characteristics of each stage?  Who were the most significant others in your life for all those stages? What were their roles?  What were the challenges that you have faced at each stage?  What were the rewards / triumphs?  Now think of the stages that you will get into…  Which stage is the most important? Why?  4 Individual Life Cycle / (Amstrong, T., 2008) 12 stages of Human Life Cycle 1. Prebirth: Potential – The child who has not yet been born could become anything 2. Birth: Hope – When a child is born, it instills in its parents / other caregivers a sense of optimism; a sense of hope 3. Infancy (Ages 0-3): Vitality – The infant is a vibrant and seemingly unlimited source of energy. 4. Early Childhood (Ages 3-6): Playfulness- When young children play, they recreate the world anew. They take what is and combine it with the what is possible to fashion events that have never been seen before in the history of the world 5. Middle Childhood (Ages 6-8): Imagination –the sense of an inner subjective self develops; serves as a source of creative inspiration in later life Source: http://www.institute4learning.com/stages_of_life.php  5 6. Late Childhood (Ages 9-11): Ingenuity – seeks new ways to solve practical problems and cope with everyday responsibilities. 7. Adolescence (Ages 12-20): Passion - Puberty unleashes a powerful set of changes in the adolescent body that reflect themselves in a teenager’s sexual, emotional, cultural, and/or spiritual passion. 8. Early Adulthood (Ages 20-35): Enterprise – to accomplish many responsibilities - finding a home and mate, establishing a family or circle of friends, and/or getting a good job.  6 9. Midlife (Ages 35-50): Contemplation –people in midlife often take a break from worldly responsibilities to reflect upon the deeper meaning of their lives, the better to forge ahead with new understanding. 10. Mature Adulthood (Ages 50-80): Benevolence – have raised families, established in their work life, & become contributors to the betterment of society 11. Late Adulthood (Age 80+): Wisdom – represent the source of wisdom that exists in each of us, helping us to avoid the mistakes of the past 12. Death & Dying: Life – Those who are dying, or who have died, teach us about the value of living. They remind us not to take our lives for granted, but to live each moment of life to its fullest, and to remember that our own small lives form of a part of a greater whole.  7 Thomas Amstrong believes..…  Since each stage of life has its own unique gift to give to humanity, we need to do whatever we can to support each stage, and to protect each stage from attempts to suppress its individual contribution to the human life cycle.  Thus, we need to be wary, for example, of attempts to thwart a young child’s need to play through the establishment high-pressure formal academic preschools.  We should protect the wisdom of aged from elder abuse.  We need to do what we can to help our adolescents at risk.  We need to advocate for prenatal education and services for poor mothers, and support safe and healthy birthing methods in third world countries.  We ought to take the same attitude toward nurturing the human life cycle as we do toward saving the environment from global warming and industrial pollutants.  For by supporting each stage of the human life cycle, we will help to ensure that all of its members are given care and helped to blossom to their fullest degree.  8 Islamic Perspectives The order of sources of fiqh (jurisprudence in the Islamic tradition) – used in the process of establishing a legal or ethical – position are known to Qur'an, Sunnah (the Prophet's actions and precepts), ijma (general agreement), qiyas (analogical deduction), istihsan (juristic preference), and maslahah (benefit or interest). These have been recently excellently reviewed with:  protection of life,  Religion,  intellect,  lineage, and  property being considered maslahah for any person  Read the article Human Life cycle and the beginning of life: an Islamic Persectives 9  10 Psychological Theories and Human Freudian/Psychoanalytic Erikson/Crisis Developmental Piaget Cognitive Development  11 Freud’s Psychosexual Theory Oral Stage Libido is focused on the mouth as a source of (birth to 1 year) pleasure. Obtaining oral gratification from a mother figure is critical to later development. Anal stage Libido is focused on the anus, and toilet training (1 to 3 years) creates conflicts between the child’s biological urges and the society’s demands. Phallic Stage Libido centers on the genitals. Resolution of the (3 to 6 years) Oedipus or the Electra complex results in identification with the same-sex parent and development of the superego. Latent Period Libido is quiet; psychic energy is invested in (6 to 12 years) schoolwork and play with same-sex friends. Genital stage Puberty reawakens the sexual instincts as youth seek (12 years and older) to establish mature sexual relationships and pursue the biological goal of reproduction. 12  13 Developmental psychologist Erik H. Erikson ( 1902-1994) was best known for his theory on social development of human beings, and for coining the phrase identity crisis. The theory describes eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future.  14 Erikson (1902-1994): Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory  He was concerned with inner dynamics of personality and how it evolves through systematic stages.  He proposed that personality continues to develop over the entire life span but not during the first five to six years of life (Freud).  Erikson was highly concerned with psychosocial development, or development of the person within a social context.  15 Erikson – Crisis Development Crises Resolution and Development Eight Stages 1. Basic Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Autonomy versus shame/dependence 3. Initiative vs. self-guilt 4. Industry vs. inferiority 5. Identity vs. confusion/identity crisis 6. Intimacy vs. isolation 7. Generativity vs. stagnation 8. Integrity vs. despair  16 Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages Trust vs. mistrust Infants must learn to trust their caregivers to meet their needs. (birth to 1 year) Responsive parenting is critical. Autonomy vs. Children must learn to be autonomous- to assert their wills and do shame and doubt things for themselves-or they will doubt their abilities (1 to 3 years) Initiative vs. guilt Preschoolers develop initiative by devising and carrying out bold plans, (3 to 6 years) but they must be learn not to impinge on the right of others. Industry vs. Children must master important social and academic skills and keep up inferiority with their peers, otherwise, they will feel inferior. (6 to 12 years) Identity vs. role Adolescents ask who they are and must establish social and vocational confusion (12 to identities, otherwise, they will remain confused about the roles they 20 years) should play as adults. Intimacy vs. Young adults seek to form a shared identity with another person, but isolation (20 to 40) may fear intimacy and experience loneliness and isolation. Generativity vs. Middle-aged adults must feel that they are producing something that will stagnation (40 to outlive them, either as parents or as workers, otherwise, they will 65) become stagnation and self-centered. Integrity vs. Older adults must come to view their lives as meaningful to face death despair (65 years with out worries and regrets. and older) 17  18 Think of how each individual development is linked with “family developments” What are major parental roles in each of the stage Who else are involved in the stages?  19 Family Life Cycle Family life cycle, or a series of developmental stages a family moves through over time. Some theorists claim that failing in mastering the “required” tasks in each stage may influence later functioning in the subsequent stages Source: http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-family-life-cycle-definition-stage s-theory.html  20 Family Life Cycle The emotional and intellectual stages you pass through from childhood to your retirement years as a member of a family In each stage, you face challenges in your family life that allow you to build or gain new skills. Gaining these skills helps you work through the changes that nearly every family goes through. Not everyone passes through these stages smoothly. Situations such as severe illness, financial problems, or the death of a loved one can have an effect on how well you pass through the stages. Fortunately, if you miss skills in one stage, you can learn them in later stages.  21 Family Life Cycle The stages of the family life cycle are: Independence. Coupling or marriage. Parenting: babies through adolescents. Launching adult children. Retirement or senior years  22 Family Life Cycle Conceptual tool for understanding family Transition from one stage to another Undergoes important psychosocial changes Changes are predictable and observable!  23 The Stages: 1. Unattached Adult 2. Newly Married Adults 3. Childbearing Adults 4. Preschool aged children 5. School-age Child 6. Teenage Child 7. Launching Center 8. Middle-aged Adults 9. Retired Adults 24  25 Q: Why is it important to understand the family life cycle? Mastering the skills and milestones of each stage allows you to successfully move from one stage of development to the next. If you don't master the skills, you may still move on to the next phase of the cycle, but you are more likely to have difficulty with relationships and future transitions. Family life cycle theory suggests that successful transitioning may also help to prevent disease and emotional or stress- related disorders. Whether you are a parent or child, brother or sister, bonded by blood or love, your experiences through the family life cycle will affect who you are and who you become. The more you understand about the challenges of each stage of the cycle, the more likely you are to successfully move on.  26 What can disrupt the normal cycle?  The stress of daily living, coping with a chronic medical condition, or other life crises can disrupt the normal life cycle.  Ongoing stress or a crisis can delay the transition to the next phase of life.  Or you may move on without the skills that you need to easily adapt and transition to the next phase of life.  27 Family Life Cycle Theory An approach to studying families. Dates back to the 1930s Family developmental theory includes two basic concepts: *The life cycle  Emotional and intellectual stages from childhood to retirement as a member of a family. *The developmental task  growth responsibilities that arise at certain stages in the life of the family.  28 Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs It is widely believed that there is an order of human needs. The most basic needs are biological. Once biological needs are met, a person moves to the next level. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes:  Biological – These are the needs that we have to maintain life, including clean air, water, food, shelter and sleep.  Safety – Basic protection from the elements, understanding that there is a set of community laws that keep your neighborhood stable and secure.  29  Belongingness – The desire to be needed in the forms of intimacy and friendship.  Esteem – Earning success, independence, and self-respect.  Self-Actualization – Seeking personal growth and developing a greater understanding for your place in the world. *Regardless of the stage of life we are in, these represent the basic needs of all human beings. In every stage, from infancy to death, there are different growth milestones that we should celebrate. As your needs and the needs of those around you fluctuate, enjoy the progression from one stage to the next. After all, it only happens once. 30  31 Variations in Family Life Cycle Some variations may exist due to various factors  Postponement of marriage  Couples without children who end up adopting will start their stage based on the age of the 1st adopted child – which may not in accord with their marital duration.  Childless couples may focus on other equivalent important tasks i.e. Self developmet, caring for their elderly, volunteering etc  Adults who are never married may also focus on other important things in their lives – they can become the most wonderful uncle and aunts in the world to their nephews and nieces.  Due to less number of children, the duration for each stage is much shorter  32 Points to ponder The stages are linked with presence vs absence of children in the family Variations exist – thus disrupts the “conventional” way of examining the stages Roles of socio-economic factors, family dynamics, other systems, other changes etc Read : http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/49 15/5033208/Fourth_ed.pdf 33  34 Reflection Questions… Is the structure of the Family Life Cycle Changing? If so, what is changing / impacting it?